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Psychology > Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

Defining “Dose”

A

the effect of a drug is related to its CONCENTRATION in the body not just the total AMOUNT of the drug taken
small vs large person, weight matters

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2
Q

Metric system

A

administer milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg)

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3
Q

5mg/kg of morphine doesn’t have the same effect in mice and humans

A

mice metabolize drug at a different rate (faster) than humans

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4
Q

Dose Response Curves

A

Info about a range of drug doses
x-axis = dose
y-axis = affected

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5
Q

Effective Dose

A

min dose necessary to produce the intended drug effect in a given percentage of the population

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6
Q

ED50

A

effective dose for 50% of the population

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7
Q

Lethal Dose

A

min dose necessary to produce death in a given percentage of the population

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8
Q

LD10

A

does is lethal for 10% of the population

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9
Q

Therapeutic index

A

safety ratio

LD50/ED50 = 100/10 = 10, index is 10, thus they would have to take 10x’s the ED50 dose to have a 50% chance of dying

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10
Q

Potency

A

absolute number of molecule of drug required to cause a response, dose required

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11
Q

Efficacy

A

max effect obtainable, additional doses produce no more effect

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12
Q

Slope

A

individual diff in drug response, measure of variability

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13
Q

Factors that influence drug effect

A

route of admin, metabolism, tolerance

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14
Q

Route of Admin

A

injection, inhalation of gases/smoke/solids, oral, rectal, and trasndermal

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15
Q

Injection

A 
under skin, subcutaneous (s.c.)
slow acting
*intramuscular (i.m.) in muscle
*intraperitoneal (i.p.) in abdominal space
*intravenous (i.v.)
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16
Q

Inhalation of Gases

A

whippets

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17
Q

Inhalation of Smoke

A

nicotine, cocaine (crack), methamphetamine (ice)

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18
Q

Inhalation of Solids

A

cocaine, meth, ketamine

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19
Q

Oral

A

aspirin, edibles, mushrooms, LSK

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20
Q

Rectal

A

for unconscious, vomiting or unable to swallow
-alc, meth, coffee
you get drunk faster, can’t smell it, trying to finess police

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21
Q

Distribution of Drugs

A

lipid solubility, pass through more easily, stay in lipid outside of CNS
-drugs are distributed throughout the body by blood

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22
Q

Absorption

A

the movement of a drug from the site of admin to the blood

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23
Q

Parental

A

veins -> heart -> lungs -> heart -> brain/body

24
Q

Oral

A

Stomach -> liver (metabolize) -> intestines

25
Q

first pass metabolism

A

oral admin

26
Q

Tolerance

A

process by which repeated exposure to a drug produces a decrease in sensitivity to the drug

27
Q

Dose-response curve - tolerance

A

when tolerance is present it is shifted to the right

28
Q

3 types of tolerance

A

Dispositional, functional, behavioral

can be either or, or both, or all

29
Q

Dispositional (Pharmacokinetic)

A

decrease the amount of the drug reaching the target site due to an increase in metabolism

30
Q

Functional (Pharmacodynamic)

A

decrease in reactivity in the target site
acute v protracted
short v long term

31
Q

Behavioral (Learned)

A

tolerance occurs in same environment the drug was administered, must take drug in exact same location

  • much lower tolerance in a new environ.
  • also called context specific tolerance
  • due to homeostasis
32
Q

Characteristics of Tolerance

A

Tolerance is reversible; cross tolerance, selective tolerance

33
Q

Reversible tolerance

A

decreases as you decrease use of drug

34
Q

cross tolerance

A

exposure to one drug can produce tolerance to another drug

35
Q

selective tolerance

A

tolerance develops to some drug effects but not to others

36
Q

Reverse Tolerance

A

sensitization: some effects can actually increase in sensitivity
-low dose is required to obtain effect
shift to left in dose response curve

37
Q

location of curve along the dose axis

A

potency

38
Q

greatest attainable response

A

efficacy

39
Q

change in response per unit dose

A

slope

40
Q

Bioavailability

A

to describe the portion of the original drug dose that reaches its intended site of action

41
Q

inhalation

A

when a drug is a gas or in small liquid droplets, an individual can breathe in the drug through the mouth

42
Q

intranasal

A

a drug is breathed in via the nose, the drug can be absorbed through the thin mucous membranes that line the inside of the nose and the sinus cavities

43
Q

sublingual

A

drug is placed under the tongue and dissolved in saliva,

44
Q

transdermal

A

drug is absorbed by placing it on the skin using a patch

45
Q

Drug metabolism

A

biochemical modification of a drug, typically via enzyme systems, into another form

46
Q

Drug excretion

A

chemical can leave via the kidneys, lungs, bile, or skin

47
Q

half-life

A

time that passes for the dose of drug in the body to be reduced by half

48
Q

A drug that is taken sublingually is?

A

placed under the tongue

49
Q

Which of the following drugs can be detected in urine for up to one month following chronic use?

A

marijuana

50
Q

The faster the drug reaches the brain, ______.

A

the more rewarding the drug effect

51
Q

Fred is applying for a job that requires preemployment drug testing. He has used one illicit drug in the past but his last use was more than a month ago. Which drug is most likely to still be detectable in a urine drug screen?

A

marijuana

52
Q

A typical dose-effect, the ______ is plotted on the vertical axis and the ______ is plotted on the horizontal axis.

A

effect size, range of doses

53
Q

The safety of drug is sometimes described using a thera- peutic index, which is calculated by the ratio of:

A

LD50/ED50

54
Q

Sarah has developed an addiction to prescription pain medication and takes it all the time. When she is at work, her coworkers report to Sarah’s boss that she is slurring her speech and acting high. When Sarah is questioned by her boss, Sarah manages to pull herself together and talk clearly by talking more slowly than normal. This is an example of:

A

behavioral tolerance

55
Q

Brandon has noticed that he really wants to smoke marijuana and he thinks about this all the time. He has not felt any illness symptoms since he stopped smoking. It is likely that Brandon exhibits ______, but not ______.

A

psychological dependence, physical dependence

Psychology (12 decks)

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