Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Psychology > Alcohol > Flashcards

Alcohol Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Psychology flashcards Psychology 101 flashcards GRE® Psychology flashcards
1
Q

Alcohol

A

fermenting fruit, sugar dissolved in H2O & exposed to air, microbes (yeasts) consume it –metabolic by products of yeast – ethanol & CO2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Pharmacokinetics

A
  • Tiny molecule, esp soluble in water
  • Readily crosses blood brain barrier so blood & brain levels are equal
  • Unique because it requires no digestion before it’s absorbed
  • absorbed mainly through the capillaries in small intestines (although some absorption by the stomach
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Factors that affect absorption

A

1) amount of food in the stomach
* type of food-milk or high protein seems to slow absorption
2) the rate at which the beverage is consumed
3) strength of alcohol in drink

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Factor characteristics that affect absorption

A

weight, sex, hydration, status, carbonation, personal history

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How do these fit with legal limit for driving?

A
  • amount of alcohol in the blood by weight
  • usually presented as mg of alcohol/100ml of blood
  • blood alcohol consumption (BAC)
  • legal level of intoxication varies across states - KS .08%
  • LD50 ~.45%
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

kansas legal level?

A

0.08% (80mg/100ml)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

B.A.C. & Behavioral Effects

A

the levels of alcohol in your system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

0.05%

A

good feeling, release of inhibitions, impaired in judgement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

.10%

A

slower reaction time, impaired motor function less cautious

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

.15%

A

much slower reaction time, vomit reflex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

.20%

A

marked depression in sensory & motor capacity, intoxication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

.25%

A

severe motor disturbance, staggering, sensory impairment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

.30%

A

conscious, but no comprehension of what is going on

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

.35%

A

LD1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

~.45%

A

LD50

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Ethanol Metabolism

A

alcohol dehydrogenase, acetaldehyde dehydrogenase, cytochrome P450

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Alcohol dehydrogenase (stomach)

A

women have lower levels, alcohol stays in system longer & has more of an effect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Acetylaldehyde dehydrogenase (liver)

A

30-50% of Asians this enzyme is inactive

  • acetaldehyde builds up
    • facial flush
    • sweating
    • nausea
  • may account for “allergic reaction” to alcohol
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Cytochrome P450

A

Metabolizes alcohol in addition to other drugs

  • -alcohol metabolism has higher priority than other drugs
  • -alcohol consumption may lead to higher levels of other drugs in the liver & blood

With repeated use, these enzymes increase in number “induction”
-increased rate of alcohol metabolism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

when does it work in the brain?

A

depresses CNS activity: GABA

-affects all major NT systems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Excretion

A

body begins breaking down alcohol almost immediately

  • aprox. 5-10% leaves the body unchanged in sweat, urine, & breath
  • Remaining 90-95% must be metabolized
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Alcohol tolerance

A

develops rapidly, max tolerance develops within a few weeks of constant drinking
-is greatly reduced within 2-3 weeks

23
Q

What is a hangover?

A
  • upset stomach, fatigue, headache, thirst, depression, anxiety, & malaise
  • not clear if a symptom of withdrawal or acute toxicity
  • the higher you BAC, the more likely it is you will have a hangover
  • more congeners, greater hangover
24
Q

Alcohol withdrawal

A

~6 weeks, 4 stages of detox

-administering a benzodiazepine (valium) during stages 1 or 2 prevents stages 3 &4

25
Q

stage 1

A

tremors, rapid heart rate, hypertension, sweating, insomnia

26
Q

stage 2

A

hallucinations (auditory, visual, tactile), olfactory signs

27
Q

stage 3

A

delusions, disorientation, delirium, amnesia,

28
Q

stage 4

A

seizures (2 weeks)

29
Q

Alcoholism

A

problems associated with a preoccupation with drinking (symptomatic drinking, loss of control over drinking)

  • emotional problems (depression)
  • vocational, social, & family problems
  • physiological problems (organ damage)
30
Q

Genetic Factors

A
  • first degree relatives are 3-4 times more likely to become alcoholics than non-relatives
  • 20-25% of sons & brothers of alcoholics become alcoholic
  • 5% of daughters & sisters of alcoholics become alcoholic
31
Q

Alcoholism/Chronic use

A

organs affected by chronic use:

liver, heart increased cancer rate, brains

32
Q

liver

A

fatty liver, alc hepatitis, & cirrhosis (10 years) of drinking 1 pint of whiskey per day

33
Q

Heart

A

increased heart disease, high blood pressure, strokes

34
Q

brains

A

enlarged ventricles, widened sulci

-cellular loss in brain

35
Q

Diseases associated with chronic alcohol use

A

Wernicke-Karsakoff Syndrome (dementia)

Karakoff’s Psychosis

36
Q

Wernicke-Karsakoff Syndrome (dementia)

A

wernicke’s disease: thiamine deficiency

-confusion, impaired condition and eye movement

37
Q

Karakoff’s Pyschosis

A

inability to remember recent events

-not associated with malnutrition

38
Q

Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD)

A

physical and behavioral abnormalities due to alcohol exposure during development

39
Q

criteria to diagnose FASD

A

1) delayed growth factors before &/or after birth
2) abnormal facial features
3) CNS abnormality

40
Q

CNS abnormality

A
  • abnormal neonatal behavior
  • intellectual disabilities
  • abnormal neurobehavioral development
  • Not all children born to drinking moms have FAS
41
Q

abnormal neurobehavioral development

A
  • language problems
  • distinguishing fact from fantasy
  • predicting outcomes
  • distinguishing friends from strangers
42
Q

Jonathan has been drinking over a pint a whiskey a day for over 10 year. A blood test of his liver would reveal an elevation of which enzyme(s) in his liver?

A

cytochrome P450

43
Q

Lindsay takes two aspirin for a headache and then goes out drinking. What is the most likely outcome if she consumes her typical dose of alcohol?

A

Her blood alcohol level will be higher than normal

44
Q

A bottle of bourbon is 90 proof. What percentage of the bourbon is alcohol?

A

45%

45
Q

Years of chronic drinking results in liver damage. ___________ is characterized by liver cells being replaced with scar tissue made up of collagen. This results in decreased liver blood flow and metabolism.

A

Cirrhosis

46
Q

Distilling is required to get more alcohol content out of a fermented beverage. Distillation works to increase the alcohol content because:

A

Alcohol has a lower boiling point than water

47
Q

Alcohol is a central nervous system ______ drug.

A

sedative

48
Q

______ consume fermented beverages.

A

humans
treseehrews
fruit flies

49
Q

The maximum alcohol content that can be achieved with fermentation alone is ______.

A

15%

50
Q

Distillation can increase the alcohol content of a fermented beverage. Why?

A

alc has lower boiling point than water

51
Q

Historically, the intentional production and consumption of alcohol first occurred around

A

7000BCE

52
Q

According to the 2010 U.S. National Household Survey, ______ of Americans are current drinkers of alcohol.

A

52%

53
Q

According to NIAAA, what is considered low-risk drinking?

A

low-risk drinking for men constitutes no more than 4 standard drinks per day and no more than 14 standard drinks per week. Women are more likely to expe- rience alcohol-related harms at lower thresholds of drinking, thus the low-risk drinking limits for women are lower. It is recommended that women consume no more than 3 standard drinks per day and no more than 7 drinks per week. Keeping within these limits will considerably decrease the likelihood of developing problems.

54
Q

Where does the United States rank in worldwide alcohol use?

A

in about the middle of countries in alcohol consumption.

Psychology (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions