Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Psychology > Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Division of nervous system

A

CNS and PNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

CNS

A

brain & spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

PNS

A

somatic & autonomic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Autonomic

A

sympathetic & parasympathetic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Somatic

A

movements sk. muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Parasympathetic

A

“homeostasis” rest & digest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

3 divisions

A

hindbrain, mindbrain, forebrain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Hindbrain

A

basic functions
origin of brain dopamine
heart rate, breathing, muscle memory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Mindbrain

A

integrate sensory info

location of the center of the reward pathway

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Forebrain

A

higher mental process

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

two major cell types

A

neurons & glial cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Glial cells

A 
physical & functional support
provide ATP
glial cells wrap around myelin
nutrients to neurons
remove debris
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Microglia

A

glial causes swelling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Glial cells create

A

blood-brain barrier

*semi-permeable membrane, only lipophilic drug can pass through

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Neurons

A

4 functional zones: cell body, dendrites, axons, & synapse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

dendrites

A

input

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

axons

A

output

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

synapse

A

two neurons meet to pass info

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Synaptic transmission

A

presynaptic and postsynaptic cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Presynaptic

A

neuron sending info

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Action potential

A
  • change in electrical charge down the length of the axon resulting in NT release
  • presynaptic neuron releases NT
  • NT binds to a receptor on postsynaptic neurons
  • remains in synaptic cleft (gap)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Lost & key

A

NT fits like key

-drugs mimicks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

General drugs effects on Receptors

A

drugs that cross the blood brain barrier also bing to receptors
-agonist or antagonist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Agonist

A

agonist drugs increase the effectiveness of neurotransmission
ex. if it increases dopamine’s action, like meth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Antagonist
antagonist drugs decreases the effectiveness of neurotransmission ex. if it decreases dopamine action call it dopamine antagonist, it blocks NT (helpful)
26
Neurotransmitters
Excitatory, Inhibitory
27
Excitatory
increases the normal activity of postsynaptic cell
28
Inhibitory
decreases the activity of the postsynaptic cell
29
All drugs that alter psychological activity
interact with NT
30
NT
acetylcholine, epinephrine & norepinephrine, dopamine, serotonin, glutamate, GABA, endorphins (opiates)
31
Acetylcholine
Peripheral action -muscle movement Central action -memory & wakefulness
32
2 types of receptors
muscarinic & nicotinic
33
Epinephrine & norepinephrine
``` Peripheral action -adrenaline -fight or flight Central action -mood -attention -blood pressure * heart rate ```
34
Ach
movement in muscle
35
DA
movement in brain
36
Dopamine (DA)
Motor pathway (Parkinson's) -nigrostraiatal Dopamine Pathway -dopamine is released from the substantianigra Reward Pathway -mesolimbic dopamine pathway -dopamine is released from the ventral tegmental area (VTA) & sent to the nucleus accumbens
37
5 DA receptors
some in one or other pathway
38
Agonist for DA
cocaine, meth, adderall
39
Antagonist for DA
antipsychotics
40
Seratonin
regulation of mood, sleep & alterness (arousal), dreaming 15 different receptors! -haulocigants & antidepresants
41
Agonist for seratonin
ecstasy, LSD, Prozac
42
Antagonist for seratonin
often mixed with agonist or antagonists | treatment for nausea, bipolar
43
GABA
primary inhibitory NT
44
Agonist GABA
valium (benzos) | alcohol
45
Antagonist GABA
block the effects of alcohol
46
Glutamate
- most areas of CNS - primary excitatory NT * learning & memory but cause seizures
47
Endorphins
3 opioid receptors; Mu, Kappa, Delta | -working out; pain relief & swelling
48
Mu
reinforcement
49
Agonist Endorphins
morphine & heroin
50
Antagonist Endorphins
narcan
51
What is released into the synapse during neural communication?
neurotransmitters
52
Drugs of abuse are most likely to directly or indirectly increase which neurotransmitter?
dopamine
53
______ acts like endogenous endorphins.
morphine
54
______ is an internal signal for neurons to commit suicide.
apoptosis
55
pons
sleep * wakefullness
56
reticular activating system
pathway running through the pons and the medulla
57
cerebellum
responsible for balance and coordinated motor movements, including speech
58
medulla
control of breathing, heart rate, swallowing, blood pressure, and digestive processes, it is also the vomit center
59
substantia nigra
produces dopamine and thus is important for motivation and reward
60
thalamus and hypo- thalamus
relay station, as this is where information coming into the brain from the senses gets sent to relevant locations throughout the brain -regulation of eating, drinking, body temperature, aggression, and sexual behavior
61
hippocampus
formation of memories and spatial navigation
62
amygdala
strong emotions
63
prefrontal cortex
planning, controlling impulses, and considering the long-term consequences of actions.
64
mesolimbic dopaminergic pathway
runs from a small subcortical area called the nucleus accumbens and travels to the frontal cortex
65
A ______ is found in the central nervous system, whereas a ______ is found in the peripheral nervous system.
tract, nerve
66
Which section of the human brain is largest?
forebrain
67
Which region of the brain is the last to develop?
prefrontal cortex
68
Which neurotransmitter is important for activity in the mesolimbic dopaminergic pathway?
dopamine
69
You hear a loud noise outside your apartment. Your heart starts racing and you begin breathing rapidly. What has been activated?
sympathetic nervous system
70
Drugs of abuse can release up to ______ times the amount of dopamine that occurs with natural rewards (such as food or sex).
10

Psychology (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions