Chapter 1

Question 1

Effects

Answer 1

1. many peopllle are using “illicit drugs” and being arrested
2. use in kansas
3. harmful
4. drug cost U.S. tax payers and LOTS of money
5. we need to understand the effects on drugs on behavior

Question 2

Flakka

Answer 2

bath salts, zombie

Question 3

Drug abuse or religious right?

Answer 3

peyote cactus, extreme vomitting

Question 4

Drug

Answer 4

a chemical substance that, when taken into the body, alters the structure or functioning of the body in some way, excluding those nutrients considered to be related to normal functioning.

Question 5

Psychoactive drug

Answer 5

a drug that influences the functioning of the brain and hence our behavior and experience

Question 6

Psychopharmacology

Answer 6

study the effects of drug behavior social and environmental factors, impact drug effects

Question 7

Pharmacology

Answer 7

study of drugs

Question 8

General Statements

Answer 8

1. drugs are not good or bad
2. every drug has multiple effects
3. the effects of any psychoactive drug depends on the individuals history and/or experience
4. the effects of a drug depends on the amount of a drug taken (a relationship exists)

Question 9

the effects of any psychoactive drug depends on the individuals history and/or experience

Answer 9

example: a kid drinks a sip of alc and thinks he is wasted

Question 10

What is addiction?

Answer 10

not all drug users are addicted

Question 11

Physical dependence

Answer 11

display withdrawal symptoms if the drug is not available

Question 12

Psychological dependence

Answer 12

addiction without the physical dependence

Question 13

What is drug abuse?

Answer 13

the use of any drug “in a manner that deviates from the approved medical or social patterns in a given culture”

Question 14

Drug abuse types

Answer 14

• drug can be considered abuse in certain situations (alcohol)
• drug considered abused at all times (heroin, PCP)
• some cultures may use it and not see it as abuse (peyote, bhang)
• drug doesn’t have to be addictive (LCD)

Question 15

Substance Abuse DSM - IV Criteria

Answer 15

at least one of the following must be applied within the past year

1. Substance use resulting in a failure to fulfill work, school, or home obligations
2. Use in physically hazardous situations
3. Substance-related legal problems
4. Persistent social/interpersonal problems from use

Question 16

Substance Dependence DSM - IV Criteria

Answer 16

at least 3 (or more) of the following in a 12-month period

1. Tolerance
2. Withdrawal
3. Escalating use
4. Unsuccessful in cutting down use
5. Time is spent in substance-related activities
6. Other activities reduced because of substance use
7. Use despite physical or psychological problems

Question 17

Symptoms for DSM

Answer 17

must be for more than one month or repeatedly over a longer period of time

Question 18

DSM-V

Answer 18

• eliminate “dependence” & replaced it with “substance-related disorders”
• added term “drug craving”
• eliminated “drug related legal probs”
• created new categories by drug type; example: cannabis-use disorder alcohol”
• added “behavioral addictions” (only gambling)

Question 19

Pharmacological factors

Answer 19

that contribute to a drug experience include anything related to the drug’s biochemical and/or physiological action, 3 factors

Question 20

Route of adminstration

Answer 20

a second factor, how the drug enters the body; swallowing, smoking, and injection.

Question 21

Drug dose

Answer 21

third factor, the amount of drug ingested

Question 22

Chemical structure

Answer 22

first factor, chemical structure of a drug and how it acts on the body

Question 23

Nonpharmacological factors

Answer 23

that contribute to a drug experience include everything not directly related to the pharmacological action of the drug itself

• genetic makeup
• learned experience (observation)

Question 24

Interdisciplinary research

Answer 24

is the combination of two or more traditionally defined academic disciplines, and it can be extremely beneficial to solving the issues of concern for this field.

Question 25

Translational research

Answer 25

attempts to translate basic research findings into clinical practice. bench to beside research

Question 26

Prevalence

Answer 26

refers to the total number of cases in the population at a given time

Question 27

Incidence

Answer 27

refers to the number of new cases in a population in a given time

Question 28

National Household Survey

Answer 28

gives an idea about drug usage rates in the United States, it includes people living in the general civilian population

Question 29

polydrug use

Answer 29

One final important observation from these survey results is that drugs are frequently used in combination

Question 30

Dr. Jones is a physician who treats patients suffering from addiction to alcohol. Dr. Vasquez is a sociologist who studies the role that society plays in why some children succumb to alcohol addiction. Drs. Jones and Vasquez meet at a conference to discuss how they might collaborate on a research idea. Their research could be considered:

Answer 30

interdisciplinary

Question 31

Sarah is in a study where she is given a beverage that the researcher says is alcohol. After drinking the beverage, she feels more talkative and sociable. However, the researcher did not actually give Sarah a beverage containing alcohol. The beverage Sarah received is a called a

Answer 31

placebo

Question 32

Route of administration is a ______ factor in the drug experience.

Answer 32

pharmacological

Question 33

Based on the SAMHSA data from the National Household Survey, which illicit drugs are most commonly used?

Answer 33

marijuana and diverted prescription drugs

Question 34

Diagnosis

Answer 34

name given to a cluster of symptoms

Question 35

Addiction

Answer 35

If one is strongly involved with using a drug, getting an adequate supply of it, and having a strong tendency to resume use of it after stopping for a period, we would say that addiction is present

Question 36

Withdrawal

Answer 36

refers to the characteristic illness syndrome that occurs when the substance is not used

Question 37

Pure Food and Drug Act

Answer 37

At the federal level, the first legislation related to psychoactive drug, emphasized that the truth about the contents must be stated on the label

Question 38

Harrison Narcotics Tax Act

Answer 38

This act strictly regulated the legal supply of certain psychoactive drugs, including opiates. **the term narcotic often refers to a psychoactive drug that induces stupor, coma, or insensibility to pain

Question 39

Craving is also called

Answer 39

psychological dependence

Question 40

In the United States, the ______ is typically used to diag- nose substance-related problems, while the ______ is typi- cally used in other countries for the same purpose.

Answer 40

DSM-IV-TR, ICD-10

Question 41

What is the AUDIT?

Answer 41

an alcohol screening instrument

Question 42

Which piece of federal legislation serves as the current U.S. federal drug policy?

Answer 42

The Controlled Substances Act

Question 43

Sam has been drinking more and more alcohol over time. A few months ago, he would drink approximately 4 beers per day. Now he drinks about 10 beers per day. This is an example of

Answer 43

tolerance