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Psychology > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Effects

A
  1. many peopllle are using “illicit drugs” and being arrested
  2. use in kansas
  3. harmful
  4. drug cost U.S. tax payers and LOTS of money
  5. we need to understand the effects on drugs on behavior
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2
Q

Flakka

A

bath salts, zombie

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3
Q

Drug abuse or religious right?

A

peyote cactus, extreme vomitting

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4
Q

Drug

A

a chemical substance that, when taken into the body, alters the structure or functioning of the body in some way, excluding those nutrients considered to be related to normal functioning.

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5
Q

Psychoactive drug

A

a drug that influences the functioning of the brain and hence our behavior and experience

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6
Q

Psychopharmacology

A

study the effects of drug behavior social and environmental factors, impact drug effects

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7
Q

Pharmacology

A

study of drugs

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8
Q

General Statements

A
  1. drugs are not good or bad
  2. every drug has multiple effects
  3. the effects of any psychoactive drug depends on the individuals history and/or experience
  4. the effects of a drug depends on the amount of a drug taken (a relationship exists)
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9
Q

the effects of any psychoactive drug depends on the individuals history and/or experience

A

example: a kid drinks a sip of alc and thinks he is wasted

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10
Q

What is addiction?

A

not all drug users are addicted

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11
Q

Physical dependence

A

display withdrawal symptoms if the drug is not available

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12
Q

Psychological dependence

A

addiction without the physical dependence

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13
Q

What is drug abuse?

A

the use of any drug “in a manner that deviates from the approved medical or social patterns in a given culture”

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14
Q

Drug abuse types

A
  • drug can be considered abuse in certain situations (alcohol)
  • drug considered abused at all times (heroin, PCP)
  • some cultures may use it and not see it as abuse (peyote, bhang)
  • drug doesn’t have to be addictive (LCD)
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15
Q

Substance Abuse DSM - IV Criteria

A

at least one of the following must be applied within the past year

  1. Substance use resulting in a failure to fulfill work, school, or home obligations
  2. Use in physically hazardous situations
  3. Substance-related legal problems
  4. Persistent social/interpersonal problems from use
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16
Q

Substance Dependence DSM - IV Criteria

A

at least 3 (or more) of the following in a 12-month period

  1. Tolerance
  2. Withdrawal
  3. Escalating use
  4. Unsuccessful in cutting down use
  5. Time is spent in substance-related activities
  6. Other activities reduced because of substance use
  7. Use despite physical or psychological problems
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17
Q

Symptoms for DSM

A

must be for more than one month or repeatedly over a longer period of time

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18
Q

DSM-V

A
  • eliminate “dependence” & replaced it with “substance-related disorders”
  • added term “drug craving”
  • eliminated “drug related legal probs”
  • created new categories by drug type; example: cannabis-use disorder alcohol”
  • added “behavioral addictions” (only gambling)
19
Q

Pharmacological factors

A

that contribute to a drug experience include anything related to the drug’s biochemical and/or physiological action, 3 factors

20
Q

Route of adminstration

A

a second factor, how the drug enters the body; swallowing, smoking, and injection.

21
Q

Drug dose

A

third factor, the amount of drug ingested

22
Q

Chemical structure

A

first factor, chemical structure of a drug and how it acts on the body

23
Q

Nonpharmacological factors

A

that contribute to a drug experience include everything not directly related to the pharmacological action of the drug itself

  • genetic makeup
  • learned experience (observation)
24
Q

Interdisciplinary research

A

is the combination of two or more traditionally defined academic disciplines, and it can be extremely beneficial to solving the issues of concern for this field.

25
Q

Translational research

A

attempts to translate basic research findings into clinical practice. bench to beside research

26
Q

Prevalence

A

refers to the total number of cases in the population at a given time

27
Q

Incidence

A

refers to the number of new cases in a population in a given time

28
Q

National Household Survey

A

gives an idea about drug usage rates in the United States, it includes people living in the general civilian population

29
Q

polydrug use

A

One final important observation from these survey results is that drugs are frequently used in combination

30
Q

Dr. Jones is a physician who treats patients suffering from addiction to alcohol. Dr. Vasquez is a sociologist who studies the role that society plays in why some children succumb to alcohol addiction. Drs. Jones and Vasquez meet at a conference to discuss how they might collaborate on a research idea. Their research could be considered:

A

interdisciplinary

31
Q

Sarah is in a study where she is given a beverage that the researcher says is alcohol. After drinking the beverage, she feels more talkative and sociable. However, the researcher did not actually give Sarah a beverage containing alcohol. The beverage Sarah received is a called a

A

placebo

32
Q

Route of administration is a ______ factor in the drug experience.

A

pharmacological

33
Q

Based on the SAMHSA data from the National Household Survey, which illicit drugs are most commonly used?

A

marijuana and diverted prescription drugs

34
Q

Diagnosis

A

name given to a cluster of symptoms

35
Q

Addiction

A

If one is strongly involved with using a drug, getting an adequate supply of it, and having a strong tendency to resume use of it after stopping for a period, we would say that addiction is present

36
Q

Withdrawal

A

refers to the characteristic illness syndrome that occurs when the substance is not used

37
Q

Pure Food and Drug Act

A

At the federal level, the first legislation related to psychoactive drug, emphasized that the truth about the contents must be stated on the label

38
Q

Harrison Narcotics Tax Act

A

This act strictly regulated the legal supply of certain psychoactive drugs, including opiates.
**the term narcotic often refers to a psychoactive drug that induces stupor, coma, or insensibility to pain

39
Q

Craving is also called

A

psychological dependence

40
Q

In the United States, the ______ is typically used to diag- nose substance-related problems, while the ______ is typi- cally used in other countries for the same purpose.

A

DSM-IV-TR, ICD-10

41
Q

What is the AUDIT?

A

an alcohol screening instrument

42
Q

Which piece of federal legislation serves as the current U.S. federal drug policy?

A

The Controlled Substances Act

43
Q

Sam has been drinking more and more alcohol over time. A few months ago, he would drink approximately 4 beers per day. Now he drinks about 10 beers per day. This is an example of

A

tolerance

Psychology (12 decks)

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