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Psychology > Caffeine > Flashcards

Caffeine Flashcards

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1
Q

most commonly consumed psychoactive drug in the world

A

Caffeine

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2
Q

Caffeine

A

in the U.S.- consumed by 80% of the population

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3
Q

caffeine is found in

A

coffee, tea, cola, and chocolate, in prescriptions and OTC medications

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4
Q

caffeine safety?

A

is safe and can be added to anything

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5
Q

xanthines

A

3 types of related alkaloids from plants

1) theophylline
2) caffeine
3) theobromine

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6
Q

Absorption of Caffeine

A

oral caffeine is rapidly and completely absorbed

  • peak blood levels within 30-45 mins absorption over 15-20 mins
  • freely and equally distributed throughout the body (including brain)
  • crosses placenta to fetus
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7
Q

Effects of Caffeine

A

~relax smooth muscles
—dilation of the lungs
~strengthens striated muscles
~constriction of blood vessels in the brain, dilation of blood vessels in the body

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8
Q

Mechanism of action (CNS)

A

caffeine exerts variety of effects at different doses

  • epinephrine release, enhance functioning of dopamine
  • Adenosine
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9
Q

Adenosine

A

neuromodulator of several NT systems

  • majority of adenosine effects are sedating, depressing, and anticonvulsant
  • caffeine blocks this inhibitory effect
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10
Q

psychostimulant effects of caffeine

A

-alertness, wakefulness, etc

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11
Q

heavy consumption (12 or more cups/day or 1.5g caffeine)

A

-agitation, anxiety, tremors, rapid breathing, insomnia

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12
Q

LD50 caffeine

A

10g 75-100cups of coffee

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13
Q

Caffeine and cognitive performance

A

ingestion of 1-3 cups of coffee increased capacity for sustained attention and decreased reaction time

  • most effective in chronic users
  • most effective if subjects are fatigued
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14
Q

tolerance and dependence of caffeine

A
  • develops slowly

- caffeine use disorder is an experimental disorder in the DSM V

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15
Q

Primary withdrawal of caffeine

A

headache

  • usually starts within 12-24 hours after cessation of coffee
  • increased fatigue
  • strongest during first 2 days, last for 5-6 hours
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16
Q

Caffeinism

A

clinical syndrome caused by overuse of caffeine

  • anxiety, low grade fever, irritability
  • increased heart rate & blood pressure, cardiac arrhythmias, stomach disturbances
  • usually dose related (5-10 cups of coffee)
  • usually resolved by stopping caffeine intake
17
Q

Caffeine and pregnancy

A

no evidence of relationship between caffeine and birth effects

  • it can reduce ability to become pregnant
  • increased the chances of miscarriage
  • results in lower birth weights
18
Q

other adverse effects of caffeine

A

heart disease
-increased heart rate & blood pressure, cholesterol levels, and & risk of heart attack

anxiety disorders
-panic attacks (mimicks only)

increased risk for osteoporosis

19
Q

Which product contains the most caffeine (assuming that the serving size is equivalent)?

A

coffee

20
Q

If you were to taste a plant that contains alkaloids, what would it taste like?

A

bitter

21
Q

Which of the following is correct in terms of greatest to least amount of central nervous system stimulation?

A

caffeine, theophylline, theobromine

22
Q

Which country has the highest per capita caffeine consumption?

A

The Netherlands

23
Q

Caffeine is often considered to be a very safe psychoactive drug. One reason for this assessment is that caffeine is typically administered using the oral route of administration. How does oral administration contribute to drug safety?

A

When a drug is swallowed, it must travel through the digestive system before it can be absorbed into the blood- stream to reach the final site of action, the brain. The gastrointestinal path includes the stomach and small intestine from where caffeine is absorbed into the bloodstream, is very slow.

24
Q

Your friend Janice weighs 100 pounds. She reports that on a typical day, she usually drinks a 12 oz. serving of black tea in the morning and a 16 oz. can of Monster energy drink in the afternoon. What is her caffeine dose?

A

When a drug is swallowed, it must travel through the digestive system before it can be absorbed into the blood- stream to reach the final site of action, the brain. The gastrointestinal path includes the stomach and small intestine from where caffeine is absorbed into the bloodstream, is very slow.

25
Q

Maribel would like to become pregnant. She knows that high levels of caffeine use can be associated with difficulties with conception and other problems in pregnancy. There- fore, she decides to stop using all caffeine. Within 24 hours, she experiences many side effects that are unpleasant, including irritability, fatigue, and a headache. What is she experiencing?

A

Withdrawal

26
Q

Caffeine is considered to be an ______ drug, due to its action on ______ receptors.

A

Antagonist, Adenosine

27
Q

The LD50 for caffeine is considered to be approximately equal to:

A

75 cups of coffee

28
Q

Dr. Su decides to plan a study examining the acute effects of caffeine. He asks his human volunteers to not consume any caffeinated food or drink for 24 hours before entering the lab. What is one concern that should be considered about this experimental approach?

A

withdrawal reversal

29
Q

Dr. Valdez decides to plan a study examining the acute effects of caffeine. She asks her human volunteers to not sleep for more than 2 hours the night before her study. Given this experimental approach, is she likely to observe that caffeine improves cognitive functioning? Why, or why not?

A

Yes, Dr. Valdez should observe that caffeine improves
cognitive functioning. Caffeine is most effective in
improving performance in fatigued individuals.

30
Q

List two phenomena that should be evaluated when deter- mining whether caffeine use might be considered substance dependence. What is the evaluation for caffeine for these two phenomenon?

A

Both tolerance and withdrawal need to be evaluated. Tolerance refers to the reduced effect of a drug with continued use of the same dose or increased need for more drug to achieve a particular effect. For caffeine, tolerance develops to some things like sleep and renal function.

31
Q

Why should pregnant women limit their caffeine consumption?

A

During pregnancy, caffeine is rapidly absorbed and crosses the placenta freely. The developing fetus lacks the enzymes needed for caffeine metabolism. It is possible that high levels of caffeine could impair fetal growth or lead to spontaneous abortions. In newborns, withdrawal symptoms can occur, especially in newborns whose mothers are heavy caffeine consumers.

Psychology (12 decks)

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