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Psychology 150 > Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the conscious level?

A

level of awareness of self and the environment

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2
Q

what is the subconscious level?

A

consciousness just below our present awareness; info we are not aware of but we know it’s there

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3
Q

what is the unconscious level?

A

some events and feelings are unacceptable to our conscious mind and are repressed into the unconscious mind

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4
Q

what is the nonconscious level?

A

body processes controlled by your mind that we not usually aware of

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5
Q

what is the preconscious level?

A

info about self or environment that you are not currently thinking about, but could be

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6
Q

what is the nonconscious process?

A

where multitasking happens

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7
Q

what is parallel processing?

A

ability to deal with multiple stimuli simultaneously.

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8
Q

what is the first function of our consciousness?

A

focuses our attention; selective attention

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9
Q

what is the cocktail party effect?

A

focus’s ones auditory attention on a particular stimulus while filtering out other stimuli

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10
Q

what is the second function of the consciousness?

A

provides a mental “meeting place”; where sensation combines with memory, emotions, and motives

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11
Q

what is the third function of our consciousness?

A

gives us a mental model of the world

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12
Q

what are preconscious memories?

A

information not currently in consciousness but recalled voluntarily

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13
Q

what is unconscious cognition without awareness?

A

levels of brain systems that range from autopilot to subtle influences on the brain

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14
Q

what is the mere-exposure effect?

A

prefer stimuli we have seen before over other stimuli

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15
Q

what is priming?

A

respond more quickly and/or accurately to questions they have seen before

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16
Q

what is blind sight?

A

person being blind but able to grasp an object they cannot see

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17
Q

what is daydreaming?

A

detaches from tasks when attention drifts to a more personal and internal direction

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18
Q

what are biological clocks?

A

internal chemical units that control regular cycles in parts of the body

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19
Q

what is the circadian rhythm?

A

sequences of behavioral changes that occur every 24 hours

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20
Q

what is sleep deprivation?

A

if we don’t get enough sleep, our hormones that help keep up our immune system decrease; cortisol increases, and causes fatigue, less concentration, and irritability; symptoms similar to ADHD

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21
Q

how does the hypothalamus relate to sleep?

A

it is the control center for the 24 hour rhythm of sleep; senses change in light and dark

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22
Q

what is NREM sleep?

A

non-rapid eye movement sleep involves partial thoughts, images, poor organization

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23
Q

what is REM sleep?

A

rapid eye movement when we dream; brain waves increase speed and strength; brain patterns resemble moments of when awake but relaxed

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24
Q

what are beta waves?

A

rapid brain waves; appear when a person is awake

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25
Q

what are alpha waves?

A

stage 1, where relaxed brain waves occur just before going to sleep

26
Q

what are delta waves?

A

slow, lazy, deep-sleep brain waves

27
Q

what happens in stage NREM 1?

A

lasts only 5-10 minutes; easily awakened

28
Q

what happens in stage NREM 2?

A

brain waves slowing down; lasts about 20 minutes

29
Q

what happens in stage NREM 3?

A

after 30 minutes, brain waves slow a lot; slow wave sleep

30
Q

what is a nightmare?

A

frightening dream during REM

31
Q

what does freud think the function of dreaming is?

A

it guards sleep and serves as source for wish fulfillment

32
Q

what is manifest content?

A

actual dream or the story line

33
Q

what is latent content?

A

the hidden symbolic meaning

34
Q

what did Calvin Hall find out from recording 10,000 dreams?

A

most people dreamed about ordinary events

35
Q

are sleep terrors or sleep paralysis considered nightmares?

A

no they are not

36
Q

what is REM rebound?

A

increase in the number of dreams after being deprived of them

37
Q

what is an incubus attack?

A

night terror occurring during NREM

38
Q

what is insomnia?

A

the inability to fall asleep

39
Q

what is the biggest cause of insomnia?

A

worrying about not sleeping

40
Q

what is narcolepsy?

A

sleep attacks; uncontrollable, suddenly slips into REM sleep during the day

41
Q

what is sleep apnea?

A

stop breathing during sleep

42
Q

what are night terrors?

A

usually in children; happens outside of REM in stage 4 of sleep; high alertness, appearance of being afraid

43
Q

what is somnambulism?

A

sleepwalking

44
Q

what is restless leg syndrome?

A

uncomfortable sensations in legs causing movement and loss of sleep

45
Q

what myoclonus?

A

sudden movements or flinch of a body occurring in stage 1 or 2

46
Q

what is sleep paralysis?

A

inability to move because body prevents movement to prevent sleepwalking; mind is awake before the body

47
Q

what is an altered state of consciousness?

A

mental state that differs noticeably from normal waking consciousness

48
Q

what are psychoactive drugs?

A

chemical substances that change mood and perceptions

49
Q

what are dreams?

A

vivivd visual or auditory experiences that occur during REM sleep

50
Q

what is substance abuse?

A

pattern of drug use that diminishes ability to fulfill responsibilities

51
Q

what is substance dependence?

A

pattern of compulsive drug taking that results in tolerance and withdrawal

52
Q

what is tolerance?

A

higher doses of a drug are required to produce its original effects

53
Q

what are withdrawal symptoms?

A

unpleasant physical or psychological effects that follow not taking drugs

54
Q

what is hypnosis?

A

state of consciousness in which a person is especially susceptible to suggestion; disassociation from our consciousness temporarily; not everyone can do go under it

55
Q

what is hypnosis affective for?

A

weight loss, but not stopping alcohol or cigarette abuse

56
Q

According to the dissociation theory of hypnosis, people who are hypnotized are?

A

in an altered state where awareness is separated from other parts of consciousness

57
Q

what is Freud’s wish fulfillment theory?

A

dreams provide a “psychic safety valve”; expressing unacceptable feelings; manifest and latent content

58
Q

what is the information-processing theory?

A

dreams help us sort out the day’s events and consolidate our memories

59
Q

what is the physiological function theory?

A

regular brain stimulation from REM sleep may help develop and preserve neural pathways

60
Q

what is the activation-synthesis theory?

A

REM sleep triggers impulses that evoke random visual memories, which our sleeping brain weaves into stories

61
Q

what is the cognitive theory?

A

dream content reflects dreamers’ cognitive development; their knowledge and understanding

Psychology 150 (12 decks)

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