Chapter 3

Question 1

What is the conscious level?

Answer 1

level of awareness of self and the environment

Question 2

what is the subconscious level?

Answer 2

consciousness just below our present awareness; info we are not aware of but we know it’s there

Question 3

what is the unconscious level?

Answer 3

some events and feelings are unacceptable to our conscious mind and are repressed into the unconscious mind

Question 4

what is the nonconscious level?

Answer 4

body processes controlled by your mind that we not usually aware of

Question 5

what is the preconscious level?

Answer 5

info about self or environment that you are not currently thinking about, but could be

Question 6

what is the nonconscious process?

Answer 6

where multitasking happens

Question 7

what is parallel processing?

Answer 7

ability to deal with multiple stimuli simultaneously.

Question 8

what is the first function of our consciousness?

Answer 8

focuses our attention; selective attention

Question 9

what is the cocktail party effect?

Answer 9

focus’s ones auditory attention on a particular stimulus while filtering out other stimuli

Question 10

what is the second function of the consciousness?

Answer 10

provides a mental “meeting place”; where sensation combines with memory, emotions, and motives

Question 11

what is the third function of our consciousness?

Answer 11

gives us a mental model of the world

Question 12

what are preconscious memories?

Answer 12

information not currently in consciousness but recalled voluntarily

Question 13

what is unconscious cognition without awareness?

Answer 13

levels of brain systems that range from autopilot to subtle influences on the brain

Question 14

what is the mere-exposure effect?

Answer 14

prefer stimuli we have seen before over other stimuli

Question 15

what is priming?

Answer 15

respond more quickly and/or accurately to questions they have seen before

Question 16

what is blind sight?

Answer 16

person being blind but able to grasp an object they cannot see

Question 17

what is daydreaming?

Answer 17

detaches from tasks when attention drifts to a more personal and internal direction

Question 18

what are biological clocks?

Answer 18

internal chemical units that control regular cycles in parts of the body

Question 19

what is the circadian rhythm?

Answer 19

sequences of behavioral changes that occur every 24 hours

Question 20

what is sleep deprivation?

Answer 20

if we don’t get enough sleep, our hormones that help keep up our immune system decrease; cortisol increases, and causes fatigue, less concentration, and irritability; symptoms similar to ADHD

Question 21

how does the hypothalamus relate to sleep?

Answer 21

it is the control center for the 24 hour rhythm of sleep; senses change in light and dark

Question 22

what is NREM sleep?

Answer 22

non-rapid eye movement sleep involves partial thoughts, images, poor organization

Question 23

what is REM sleep?

Answer 23

rapid eye movement when we dream; brain waves increase speed and strength; brain patterns resemble moments of when awake but relaxed

Question 24

what are beta waves?

Answer 24

rapid brain waves; appear when a person is awake

Question 25

what are alpha waves?

Answer 25

stage 1, where relaxed brain waves occur just before going to sleep

Question 26

what are delta waves?

Answer 26

slow, lazy, deep-sleep brain waves

Question 27

what happens in stage NREM 1?

Answer 27

lasts only 5-10 minutes; easily awakened

Question 28

what happens in stage NREM 2?

Answer 28

brain waves slowing down; lasts about 20 minutes

Question 29

what happens in stage NREM 3?

Answer 29

after 30 minutes, brain waves slow a lot; slow wave sleep

Question 30

what is a nightmare?

Answer 30

frightening dream during REM

Question 31

what does freud think the function of dreaming is?

Answer 31

it guards sleep and serves as source for wish fulfillment

Question 32

what is manifest content?

Answer 32

actual dream or the story line

Question 33

what is latent content?

Answer 33

the hidden symbolic meaning

Question 34

what did Calvin Hall find out from recording 10,000 dreams?

Answer 34

most people dreamed about ordinary events

Question 35

are sleep terrors or sleep paralysis considered nightmares?

Answer 35

no they are not

Question 36

what is REM rebound?

Answer 36

increase in the number of dreams after being deprived of them

Question 37

what is an incubus attack?

Answer 37

night terror occurring during NREM

Question 38

what is insomnia?

Answer 38

the inability to fall asleep

Question 39

what is the biggest cause of insomnia?

Answer 39

worrying about not sleeping

Question 40

what is narcolepsy?

Answer 40

sleep attacks; uncontrollable, suddenly slips into REM sleep during the day

Question 41

what is sleep apnea?

Answer 41

stop breathing during sleep

Question 42

what are night terrors?

Answer 42

usually in children; happens outside of REM in stage 4 of sleep; high alertness, appearance of being afraid

Question 43

what is somnambulism?

Answer 43

sleepwalking

Question 44

what is restless leg syndrome?

Answer 44

uncomfortable sensations in legs causing movement and loss of sleep

Question 45

what myoclonus?

Answer 45

sudden movements or flinch of a body occurring in stage 1 or 2

Question 46

what is sleep paralysis?

Answer 46

inability to move because body prevents movement to prevent sleepwalking; mind is awake before the body

Question 47

what is an altered state of consciousness?

Answer 47

mental state that differs noticeably from normal waking consciousness

Question 48

what are psychoactive drugs?

Answer 48

chemical substances that change mood and perceptions

Question 49

what are dreams?

Answer 49

vivivd visual or auditory experiences that occur during REM sleep

Question 50

what is substance abuse?

Answer 50

pattern of drug use that diminishes ability to fulfill responsibilities

Question 51

what is substance dependence?

Answer 51

pattern of compulsive drug taking that results in tolerance and withdrawal

Question 52

what is tolerance?

Answer 52

higher doses of a drug are required to produce its original effects

Question 53

what are withdrawal symptoms?

Answer 53

unpleasant physical or psychological effects that follow not taking drugs

Question 54

what is hypnosis?

Answer 54

state of consciousness in which a person is especially susceptible to suggestion; disassociation from our consciousness temporarily; not everyone can do go under it

Question 55

what is hypnosis affective for?

Answer 55

weight loss, but not stopping alcohol or cigarette abuse

Question 56

According to the dissociation theory of hypnosis, people who are hypnotized are?

Answer 56

in an altered state where awareness is separated from other parts of consciousness

Question 57

what is Freud's wish fulfillment theory?

Answer 57

dreams provide a "psychic safety valve"; expressing unacceptable feelings; manifest and latent content

Question 58

what is the information-processing theory?

Answer 58

dreams help us sort out the day's events and consolidate our memories

Question 59

what is the physiological function theory?

Answer 59

regular brain stimulation from REM sleep may help develop and preserve neural pathways

Question 60

what is the activation-synthesis theory?

Answer 60

REM sleep triggers impulses that evoke random visual memories, which our sleeping brain weaves into stories

Question 61

what is the cognitive theory?

Answer 61

dream content reflects dreamers' cognitive development; their knowledge and understanding