Chapter 14 - Psychological Disorders Flashcards
what is anxiety?
apprehension, avoidance, cautiousness regarding a potential threat; motivates us to take action
what is a phobia?
specific fear-excessive, distressing, persistent fear or anxiety over object or situation; great lengths to avoid thing
what is agoraphobia (fear of marketplace)?
fear, anxiety, avoidance of situations where its difficult to escape or receive help if one experiences symptoms of panic attack
how do you get a phobia?
classical conditioning, phobia acquisition-modeling, witnessing something
what is a social anxiety disorder?
extreme persistent fear or anxiety and avoidance of social situations; afraid to act embarrassingly; applies to speaking; likely to have lower education and jobs
what is a panic disorder?
experiences recurrent and unexpected panic attacks and concern for having one
- terrifying fear of fear
- modify behavior to avoid future attacks
- if parent has, kids likely to have it
- comorbidity of major depressive disorder and agoraphobia
what are panic attacks?
not mental disorder
what are generalized anxiety disorders?
constant state of anxiety, uncontrollable, pointless worry
- most concerns are unjustified
- occurs over 6 months
- restlessness, no concentration, fatigued
- females likely to have it
what is obsessive compulsive disorder?
intrusive, unpleasant thoughts and repetitive behaviors lasting hour or more a day
- intense and disrupts way of life
- hard time suppressing them
what is body dysmorphic disorder?
preoccupied with perceived flaw in physical appearance thats nonexistent or barely noticeable
- cause people to think they are ugly
- more likely to get cosmetic surgery
what are hoarding disorders?
cannot bear to part with personal possessions, regardless of how valueless they are
- excessive amounts of worthless items
what is the fact about the brain?
orbitofrontal cortex region of brain becomes hyperactive
what is PTSD?
potential to get after extremely stressful or traumatic events
- combat, natural disasters, abuse, attacks
- real or threatened death
- flashbacks can occur
- avoidance of stimuli that triggers event
what are mood disorders?
disturbances of emotions
- most common are bipolar and major depressive disorder
what is mania?
a period of abnormally high levels of emotions/activity
what is depression?
normal response to situations; doesn’t mean you have depressive disorder
- death of loved one
- loss of a job
what is bipolar 1 disorder?
hypermanic episodes but doesn’t require full depression
- possible to develop psychosis
what is bipolar 2 disorder?
hypomanic episode AND major depressive episode; individual may look hyper-productive
what are the treatments for bipolar disorder?
lithium
- but it can make them feel depressed
- unpopular because manic people like the manic episodes, but regret them later
what is ECT?
another treatment for bipolar
- brief seizure in the brain that is really safe and effective (can get amnesia for 10 min)
what is persistent depressive disorder (PDD)
depressed mood state for 2 or more years
- somewhat functional but with a “cloud”
- more likely to attempt suicide
what is seasonal affective disorder?
symptoms tied to winter/less light
- easy to avoid the night
- light therapy
what is schizophrenia?
severe disturbances in thought that spill over to affect perceptual, social, emotional processes
what are the five symptoms of schizophrenia?
disturbances:
- cognition/speech
- hallucinations
- delusions
- motor
- emotions
what are the general symptoms of schizophrenia?
irrational, disjointed thoughts, delusions
what are delusions?
false beliefs that are clearly out of touch with reality
what are common hallucinations?
auditory
- hear voices of nonexistent or absent people talking to them
- not all hallucinations are bad
what are the positive symptoms?
delusions, hallucinations, thought disorder (word salad)
what are the negative symptoms?
absence of emotion (flat effect), social withdrawal, unable to perform ADLs, lack of motivation
what are the cognitive symptoms?
inability to focus, memory problems
what are persecutory delusions?
extreme form of paranoia
what are erotomanic delusions?
believe that people are in love with them
what are grandiose delusions?
they are superior to other people
what are referential delusions?
human behavior has hidden meaning
what are control delusions?
beliefs that an external force control’s ones thoughts
what are religious delusions?
belief that cannot be changed by evidence
what are hallucinations?
any false firing of the senses and may occur due to psychosis
what are dissociative disorders?
include disruption of consciousness of one’s identity
- dissociation from reality
what is dissociative identity disorder?
etiology usually extreme childhood trauma
what is dissociative fugue?
when the dissociation incudes travel
what is dissociative amensia?
involves disruptions of memory for person facts or loss of conscious awareness for a period of time
what is malingering?
an attempt to get some type of privilege/money/time off
what is factious disorder?
deliberately seeking medical treatment (not for personal gain) and welcomes all medical intervention including extreme surgeries
what is Cluster A?
odd or eccentric behavior
- paranoid
- schizoid: detachment from social relationships
- schizotypal: peculiarities in thought, unsettling
what is Cluster B?
dramatic, emotional, erratic behavior
- antisocial
- borderline: unstable moods, personal relationships, self-image
- histrionic: attention seeking
- narcissistic: need for admiration, no empathy
what is Cluster C?
anxious or fearful behavior
- avoidant of social situations, easily hurt
- dependent: submissive, wants to be taken care of
- obsessive compulsive: perfectionist and controlling
