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Psychology 150 > Chapter 14 - Psychological Disorders > Flashcards

Chapter 14 - Psychological Disorders Flashcards

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1
Q

what is anxiety?

A

apprehension, avoidance, cautiousness regarding a potential threat; motivates us to take action

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2
Q

what is a phobia?

A

specific fear-excessive, distressing, persistent fear or anxiety over object or situation; great lengths to avoid thing

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3
Q

what is agoraphobia (fear of marketplace)?

A

fear, anxiety, avoidance of situations where its difficult to escape or receive help if one experiences symptoms of panic attack

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4
Q

how do you get a phobia?

A

classical conditioning, phobia acquisition-modeling, witnessing something

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5
Q

what is a social anxiety disorder?

A

extreme persistent fear or anxiety and avoidance of social situations; afraid to act embarrassingly; applies to speaking; likely to have lower education and jobs

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6
Q

what is a panic disorder?

A

experiences recurrent and unexpected panic attacks and concern for having one
- terrifying fear of fear
- modify behavior to avoid future attacks
- if parent has, kids likely to have it
- comorbidity of major depressive disorder and agoraphobia

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7
Q

what are panic attacks?

A

not mental disorder

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8
Q

what are generalized anxiety disorders?

A

constant state of anxiety, uncontrollable, pointless worry
- most concerns are unjustified
- occurs over 6 months
- restlessness, no concentration, fatigued
- females likely to have it

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9
Q

what is obsessive compulsive disorder?

A

intrusive, unpleasant thoughts and repetitive behaviors lasting hour or more a day
- intense and disrupts way of life
- hard time suppressing them

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10
Q

what is body dysmorphic disorder?

A

preoccupied with perceived flaw in physical appearance thats nonexistent or barely noticeable
- cause people to think they are ugly
- more likely to get cosmetic surgery

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11
Q

what are hoarding disorders?

A

cannot bear to part with personal possessions, regardless of how valueless they are
- excessive amounts of worthless items

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12
Q

what is the fact about the brain?

A

orbitofrontal cortex region of brain becomes hyperactive

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13
Q

what is PTSD?

A

potential to get after extremely stressful or traumatic events
- combat, natural disasters, abuse, attacks
- real or threatened death
- flashbacks can occur
- avoidance of stimuli that triggers event

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14
Q

what are mood disorders?

A

disturbances of emotions
- most common are bipolar and major depressive disorder

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15
Q

what is mania?

A

a period of abnormally high levels of emotions/activity

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16
Q

what is depression?

A

normal response to situations; doesn’t mean you have depressive disorder
- death of loved one
- loss of a job

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17
Q

what is bipolar 1 disorder?

A

hypermanic episodes but doesn’t require full depression
- possible to develop psychosis

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18
Q

what is bipolar 2 disorder?

A

hypomanic episode AND major depressive episode; individual may look hyper-productive

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19
Q

what are the treatments for bipolar disorder?

A

lithium
- but it can make them feel depressed
- unpopular because manic people like the manic episodes, but regret them later

20
Q

what is ECT?

A

another treatment for bipolar
- brief seizure in the brain that is really safe and effective (can get amnesia for 10 min)

21
Q

what is persistent depressive disorder (PDD)

A

depressed mood state for 2 or more years
- somewhat functional but with a “cloud”
- more likely to attempt suicide

22
Q

what is seasonal affective disorder?

A

symptoms tied to winter/less light
- easy to avoid the night
- light therapy

23
Q

what is schizophrenia?

A

severe disturbances in thought that spill over to affect perceptual, social, emotional processes

24
Q

what are the five symptoms of schizophrenia?

A

disturbances:
- cognition/speech
- hallucinations
- delusions
- motor
- emotions

25
Q

what are the general symptoms of schizophrenia?

A

irrational, disjointed thoughts, delusions

26
Q

what are delusions?

A

false beliefs that are clearly out of touch with reality

27
Q

what are common hallucinations?

A

auditory
- hear voices of nonexistent or absent people talking to them
- not all hallucinations are bad

28
Q

what are the positive symptoms?

A

delusions, hallucinations, thought disorder (word salad)

29
Q

what are the negative symptoms?

A

absence of emotion (flat effect), social withdrawal, unable to perform ADLs, lack of motivation

30
Q

what are the cognitive symptoms?

A

inability to focus, memory problems

31
Q

what are persecutory delusions?

A

extreme form of paranoia

32
Q

what are erotomanic delusions?

A

believe that people are in love with them

33
Q

what are grandiose delusions?

A

they are superior to other people

34
Q

what are referential delusions?

A

human behavior has hidden meaning

35
Q

what are control delusions?

A

beliefs that an external force control’s ones thoughts

36
Q

what are religious delusions?

A

belief that cannot be changed by evidence

37
Q

what are hallucinations?

A

any false firing of the senses and may occur due to psychosis

38
Q

what are dissociative disorders?

A

include disruption of consciousness of one’s identity
- dissociation from reality

39
Q

what is dissociative identity disorder?

A

etiology usually extreme childhood trauma

40
Q

what is dissociative fugue?

A

when the dissociation incudes travel

41
Q

what is dissociative amensia?

A

involves disruptions of memory for person facts or loss of conscious awareness for a period of time

42
Q

what is malingering?

A

an attempt to get some type of privilege/money/time off

43
Q

what is factious disorder?

A

deliberately seeking medical treatment (not for personal gain) and welcomes all medical intervention including extreme surgeries

44
Q

what is Cluster A?

A

odd or eccentric behavior
- paranoid
- schizoid: detachment from social relationships
- schizotypal: peculiarities in thought, unsettling

45
Q

what is Cluster B?

A

dramatic, emotional, erratic behavior
- antisocial
- borderline: unstable moods, personal relationships, self-image
- histrionic: attention seeking
- narcissistic: need for admiration, no empathy

46
Q

what is Cluster C?

A

anxious or fearful behavior
- avoidant of social situations, easily hurt
- dependent: submissive, wants to be taken care of
- obsessive compulsive: perfectionist and controlling

Psychology 150 (12 decks)

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