Chapter 14 - Psychological Disorders Flashcards
what is anxiety?
apprehension, avoidance, cautiousness regarding a potential threat; motivates us to take action
what is a phobia?
specific fear-excessive, distressing, persistent fear or anxiety over object or situation; great lengths to avoid thing
what is agoraphobia (fear of marketplace)?
fear, anxiety, avoidance of situations where its difficult to escape or receive help if one experiences symptoms of panic attack
how do you get a phobia?
classical conditioning, phobia acquisition-modeling, witnessing something
what is a social anxiety disorder?
extreme persistent fear or anxiety and avoidance of social situations; afraid to act embarrassingly; applies to speaking; likely to have lower education and jobs
what is a panic disorder?
experiences recurrent and unexpected panic attacks and concern for having one
- terrifying fear of fear
- modify behavior to avoid future attacks
- if parent has, kids likely to have it
- comorbidity of major depressive disorder and agoraphobia
what are panic attacks?
not mental disorder
what are generalized anxiety disorders?
constant state of anxiety, uncontrollable, pointless worry
- most concerns are unjustified
- occurs over 6 months
- restlessness, no concentration, fatigued
- females likely to have it
what is obsessive compulsive disorder?
intrusive, unpleasant thoughts and repetitive behaviors lasting hour or more a day
- intense and disrupts way of life
- hard time suppressing them
what is body dysmorphic disorder?
preoccupied with perceived flaw in physical appearance thats nonexistent or barely noticeable
- cause people to think they are ugly
- more likely to get cosmetic surgery
what are hoarding disorders?
cannot bear to part with personal possessions, regardless of how valueless they are
- excessive amounts of worthless items
what is the fact about the brain?
orbitofrontal cortex region of brain becomes hyperactive
what is PTSD?
potential to get after extremely stressful or traumatic events
- combat, natural disasters, abuse, attacks
- real or threatened death
- flashbacks can occur
- avoidance of stimuli that triggers event
what are mood disorders?
disturbances of emotions
- most common are bipolar and major depressive disorder
what is mania?
a period of abnormally high levels of emotions/activity
what is depression?
normal response to situations; doesn’t mean you have depressive disorder
- death of loved one
- loss of a job
what is bipolar 1 disorder?
hypermanic episodes but doesn’t require full depression
- possible to develop psychosis
what is bipolar 2 disorder?
hypomanic episode AND major depressive episode; individual may look hyper-productive
what are the treatments for bipolar disorder?
lithium
- but it can make them feel depressed
- unpopular because manic people like the manic episodes, but regret them later
what is ECT?
another treatment for bipolar
- brief seizure in the brain that is really safe and effective (can get amnesia for 10 min)
what is persistent depressive disorder (PDD)
depressed mood state for 2 or more years
- somewhat functional but with a “cloud”
- more likely to attempt suicide
what is seasonal affective disorder?
symptoms tied to winter/less light
- easy to avoid the night
- light therapy
what is schizophrenia?
severe disturbances in thought that spill over to affect perceptual, social, emotional processes
what are the five symptoms of schizophrenia?
disturbances:
- cognition/speech
- hallucinations
- delusions
- motor
- emotions
