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Psychology 150 > Chapter 13 > Flashcards

Chapter 13 Flashcards

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1
Q

what is personality?

A

characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, acting; stable over time

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2
Q

what is self-schema?

A

integrated set of memories, beliefs, and generalizations

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3
Q

what is the psychodynamic theory?

A

freud’s theory that calls attention to motivation, esp unconscious motivation; freud and jung

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4
Q

what is the humanistic theory?

A

emphasizes the present, subjective reality; what we believe is important now

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5
Q

what was the first comprehensive theory of personality?

A

the unconscious mind, psychosexual stages; anxiety came from the unconscious mind

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6
Q

What is ID?

A

the impulsive part; all emotion, instinct, libido

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7
Q

what is ego?

A

the rational part; reality principle and mediator

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8
Q

what is superego?

A

the moral part; last to develop, can be brought to surface; based on culture/parents

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9
Q

what are the psychodynamic stages in order?

A

oral stage (pleasure centers on mouth)
anal stage (bladder and bowel elimination; control)
phalic stage (genitals; coping with sexual feelings; 3-6)
latency stage (repressed sexual thoughts; 6 to puberty)
genital stage (balance in life; maturation of sexual interest; adulthood)

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10
Q

what is oedipus complex?

A

boy in love with their mother

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11
Q

what is identification?

A

boys love their mom/ identify with their dad

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12
Q

what is penis envy?

A

girls desire to have a penis/ attracted to males

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13
Q

what is fixation?

A

occurs when development is stopped at a particular stage

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14
Q

what is the thematic apperception test (TAT)

A

projective test in which people express their inner feelings and interests through stories they make up

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15
Q

what is the Rorchach Inkblot test?

A

identify people’s inner feelings by analyzing their interpretations

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16
Q

what is denial?

A

refusing to acknowledge source of anxiety

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17
Q

what is repression?

A

excluding source of anxiety from awareness

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18
Q

what is projection?

A

attributing unacceptable qualities of the self to someone else

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19
Q

what is reaction formation?

A

warding off an uncomfortable thought by overemphasizing its opposite

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20
Q

what is rationalization?

A

creating a seemingly logical reason or excuse for behavior that might otherwise be shameful

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21
Q

what is displacement?

A

shifting the attention of emotion from one object to another easier target

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22
Q

what is sublimation?

A

channeling socially unacceptable impulses into constructive, even admirable behavior

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23
Q

what is Carl Jung’s Collective consciousness theory?

A

ancestral memories passed down unconsciously; rejects tabula rasa

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24
Q

what is the persona archetype?

A

the mask we show the world; following social norms

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25
Q

what is the shadow archetype?

A

our repressed instincts; urges we bury because they are socially unacceptable

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26
Q

what is the anima/animus archtype?

A

true self; anima is feminine side of men, animus is masculine side of women; unify both we become syzgy “whole”

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27
Q

what is the self archetype?

A

ultimate goal; unification of unconscious self and the ego

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28
Q

who have humanistic perspectives?

A

rogers and maslow

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29
Q

what is self-actualization?

A

pyramid of happiness; motivation to fulfill one’s potential; maslow

30
Q

what did rogers think?

A

people are basically good

31
Q

what does genuine mean?

A

being open with their own feelings, dropping facades

32
Q

what does accepting mean?

A

unconditional positive regard even when knowing failures

33
Q

what does empathetic mean?

A

sharing and mirroring our feelings and reflecting our meanings

34
Q

what is sefl-concept?

A

thoughts and feelings about ourselves in answer to question “who am I”; standardized tests are dehumanizing

35
Q

what is the barnum effect?

A

so vague that there is no useful information; ex. online personality tests

36
Q

what is Erikson’s theory?

A

virtue development

37
Q

what is the first stage in Erikson’s theory?

A

crisis is trust vs. mistrust; virtue developed is hope; security in world

38
Q

what is the second stage in erikson’s theory?

A

crisis is autonomy vs. shame; virtue developed is will; independence

39
Q

what is the third stage ok erikson’s theory?

A

crisis is initiative vs. guilt; virtue developed is purpose; activities and plans

40
Q

what is the fourth stage of erikson’s theory?

A

crisis is industry vs. inferiority; virtue developed is competency; elem. school kids; pride, projects, teachers

41
Q

what is the fifth stage of erikson’s theory?

A

crisis is identity vs. confusion; virtue developed is fidelity; role in world

42
Q

what is the sixth stage of erikson’s theory?

A

crisis is intimacy vs. isolation; virtue developed is love; relationships

43
Q

what is the seventh stage of erikson’s theory?

A

crisis is generativity vs. stagnation; virtue developed is care; productivity; that’s why old people volunteer so much

44
Q

what is the last stage in erikson’s theory?

A

crisis is ego integrity vs. ego dispair; virtue developed is wisdom; looking at past

45
Q

What is the trait perspective

A

allport wanted to describe traits more than explain them; to classify personalities

46
Q

What indicator did psychologists not like?

A

myers-birgg type indicator

47
Q

what is factor analysis?

A

statistical procedure to identify test items

48
Q

what are the big five traits?

A

openness (curious, creative, original)
conscientiousness (organized, systemic, dependable)
extraversion (outgoing, sociable, talkative)
agreeableness (affable, tolerant, trusting)
neuroticism (anxious, irritable, moody)

49
Q

what is a personality inventory?

A

questionnaire which people respond to items designed to gauge personality traits

50
Q

what is the most wildly used personality inventory test?

A

minnosota multiphasic personality inventory (MMPI); focuses on abnormal traits

51
Q

what is self-concept?

A

answer to question “who am I?”; if answer is positive we perceive world to be positive

52
Q

what is upward comparison?

A

it decreases self-esteem

53
Q

what is downward comparison?

A

it increases self-esteem

54
Q

what is self-serving bias?

A

readiness to perceive oneself favorably

55
Q

what is individualism?

A

giving priority to one’s own goals over group goals

56
Q

what is collectivism?

A

giving priority to the goals of one’s group and defining one’s identity accordingly

57
Q

what is the social cognitive theories?

A

scientific tradition; bandura and observational learning

58
Q

what locus of control?

A

our sense of controlling our environments rather than feeling helpless

59
Q

what is external locus of control?

A

perception that chance or outside forces beyond one’s personal control determine one’s fate

60
Q

what is internal locus of control?

A

perception that one controls one’s own fate

61
Q

what is learned helplessnes?

A

hopelessness and passive resignation an animal or human learns when unable to avoid repeated aversive events

62
Q

Andy is an angry child whose aggressive behavior has gotten him into trouble. His parents decide to get him involved in sports to channel some of this anger into a healthier and more productive outlet. According to the psychodynamic theory of personality, his parents are trying to use the defense mechanism of

A

sublimation

63
Q

Sam does not try hard at work, because he believes that promotions are completely random and that he has no control over whether he will get promoted. According to expectancy theory, Sam most likely has a(n) ________ locus of control.

A

external

64
Q

Anik’s id is a very dominant force in his personality. Which of the following is Anik most likely to do?

A

follows his impulses when making decisions

65
Q

Our ability to fulfill our potential through greater self-understanding is part of the ________ approach to personality

A

humanistic

66
Q

Phoebe is an inventor who is creative and good at using everyday items in unusual ways. According to the Big Five model of personality, Phoebe most likely would be high in

A

openness to experience

67
Q

Igor tends to cry and become frightened easily. Even small changes in his environment can scare him. Researchers would say that Igor is high on the ________ aspect of temperament.

A

emotionality

68
Q

After performing poorly at the track meet, Troy said that he just does not have as much natural athletic ability as the other runner. Troy explains his performances at the track meet based on a

A

upward comparison

69
Q

According to psychosexual development theory, when the erogenous zone centers on the genitals, a person is in the ________ stage.

A

phallic

70
Q

A change in the behavioral expression of a trait based on the demands of specific situations is a

A

characteristic adaptation

71
Q

Children raised to have connections with their family and follow societal norms are more likely to be from a(n) ________ culture

A

collectivist

Psychology 150 (12 decks)

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