Chapter 14 Flashcards
what is etiology?
suspected cause of a disorder; it is the WHY
diagnosis is the WHAT
what is prognosis?
expected course of the disorder (what will happen over time)
what is psychosis?
loss of connection to reality
what is Affect?
emotional response/expression; is the emotion appropriately with situation?
what is maladaptive?
behavior that interferes with an individual’s social or occupational functioning
ex. drinking all day and not going to work
what is deviant?
behavior that does not conform with cultural norms
ex. eating dinner only if you’re in the bathroom
what is personally distressing?
behavior that causes depression or anxiety
ex. you can only feel happy of relief after you hit yourself
what is psychopathy?
in-depth study of issues related to mental health; looking for any pattern of behavior that are inappropriate to a particular situation
what is pathology?
studying nature of diseases
what did Philippe Pinel and Dorothea Dix think?
follow a medical approach to treat psychological disorders
what is the medical model?
mental disorders are diseases of the mind that, like ordinary physical diseases, have objective causes and require specific treatment; can be cured
what are the critiques of the medical model?
focused on nature not nurture; disorder treated as disease; psychiatrists over psychologists; take a pill and you’ll be fine
what is bio-psycho-social model?
factors come together to create psychological disorders
what is biological component of the BPS model?
physical health, genetic vulnerabilities, drug effects
what is the psychological component of the BPS model?
looks at how person thinks; coping skills, social skills, family relationships, self-esteem, mental health
what is the social component of the BPS model?
examines their role and expectations within society; peers, family circumstances, family relationships
what is cognitive psychology?
looks at mental processes
what is behaviorism?
looks at the influences of the environment on the individual
what is social perspective?
one must looks at the social surroundings of the person
what is the diathesis-stress model?
proposes that a disorder may develop when an underlying vulnerability is coupled with a precipitation event; mental disorders occurs due to vulnerability and stressful events
what does genetic predisposition and childhood trauma lead to?
diathesis (vulnerability to psychological disorder)
what happens when there is minimal stressful situations?
lower probability of psychological disorder
what happens when there is excessive stressful situations?
higher probability of psychological disorder
what is the DSM-5?
diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders
where is diagnosis criteria?
in the DSM-5
what are the symptoms of severe mental illnesses?
hallucinations, delusions, and affect
what are hallucinations?
false sensory experiences; visual
what are delusions?
extreme disorders that involve persistent false beliefs; thoughts
what are affects (emotion)?
characteristically depressed, anxious, manic, or no emotional response
what are the steps to classifying disorders?
1) describe the disorder
2) predict future course of disorder
3) treat disorder appropriately
4) provide a springboard for research into disorder’s causes
5) comorbidity- two or more disorders occurring at once
how do you decide if it is a mental illness?
must be chronic and interferes with ADLs
how is abnormal behavior characterized?
it is culturally determined, subjective, meets minimum criteria
what are ADLs?
activities of daily living
how is diagnosis determined?
via tests, self-reports, observations, interviews
