chapter 28-6

Question 1

Autoimmune Diseases

Answer 1

Occur when T and B cells activated to produce immune reactions against self-proteins.
Result in host tissue damage.
Some diseases caused by AUTOANTIBODIES, antibodies that interact with self antigens.

Question 2

Autoimmunity

Answer 2

CYTOTOXIC hypersensitivity- Type II
-Juvenile diabetes
-Antibodies against cell surface antigen
IMMUNE COMPLEX hypersensitivity- Type III
-Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
-Antibodies against soluble or circulating antigen.

Question 3

Hygiene Hypothesis

Answer 3

Reduction of infections and microbial exposures early in life may be associated with increased risk of allergy, asthma and autoimmune diseases. (Our world is too clean, too few bacteria).

Question 4

Hygiene Hypothesis: Alternative

Answer 4

If developing immune system does not receive stimuli from infectious agents, it fails to properly develop cells with a regulatory function.

Question 5

Autoimmune Incidence

Answer 5

High- U.S. and western Europe.
Moderate- Australia, NZ and South Africa.
Low- rest of world.

Question 6

Old Friends Hypothesis

Answer 6

We evolved with specific slightly infectious microbes that help train and modulate our immune system.
Many of these organisms depleted in 1st world countries.

Question 7

What to do? We don’t know…

Answer 7

• Get a pet
• Get outside
• Dont abuse antibiotics
• Move to a farm
• Have a large family/lots of friends
• Breast feed infants
• Are allergies/asthma worse than infections?

Question 8

Allergic vs non-allergic disorders

Answer 8

Environment

• Developing countries (Non-allergic)
• Westernized countries (Allergic diseases)