chapter 28-1

Question 1

Organs of the Immune System

Answer 1

Lymphatic system: separate circulatory system that drains lymph fluid from extracellular tissues.
In capillary beds, leukocytes and solutes pass from blood into lymphatic system.
Lymph nodes contain high concentrations of lymphocytes and phagocytes.
–Thymus, L subclavian vein, thoracic duct, lymph nodes, bone marrow, MALT…

Question 2

Organs of the Immune System: MALT

Answer 2

Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT):
-contains lots of white blood cells.
-Interacts with antigens and microorganisms
—From gut, respiratory tract, other mucous membranes.
White pulp of spleen also contains white blood cells.

Question 3

Cells of the immune system

Answer 3

0.1% of blood cells are leukocytes
-include monocytes and lymphocytes.
Whole blood composed includes plasma
-contains proteins and other solutes.
Serum: portion of blood that’s not cells or clotting proteins.

Question 4

Cells of the immune system: Leukocytes and lymphocytes

Answer 4

Leukocytes: nucleated white blood cells.
Lymphocytes: specialized leukocytes involved exclusively in adaptive immune response
-1. B cells: originate and mature in bone marrow.
-2. T cells: originate in bone marrow, matur ein thymus.

Question 5

Cells of the immune system: Myeloid cells

Answer 5

Myeloid cells are derived from a myeloid precursor cell.

1. Antigen-presenting cells (APC’s): engulf, process, and present antibodies to lymphocytes.
2. Granulocytes: contain toxins or enzymes that are released to kill target cells.
   - Neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils.

Question 6

Innate immunity (nonspecific immunity)

Answer 6

Non inducible ability to recognize and destroy an individual pathogen or its products.
Does not require previous exposure to a pathogen or its products.
Involves recognition of common pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPS) on pathogens.
Mediated by phagocytes.

Question 7

Innate immunity: First line of defense

Answer 7

Innate immune response is first line of defense:

• begins when phagocyte encounters a pathogen or pathogen product.
• inflammation can result.

Question 8

Innate immunity: Phagocytes

Answer 8

Phagocytes: cells that engulf and destroy pathogens.

• Macrophages, monocytes and neutrophils.
• Move by amoeboid action and have lysosomes.
• Trap and engulf pathogens on surfaces.

Question 9

Neutrophils

Answer 9

Motile pathogens.

Involved in inflammation response.

Question 10

Staph

Answer 10

S. Aureus produces carotenoids to neutralize toxic O2 compounds.
S. pyogenes and S. aureus produce leukocidlins (phagocyte killing proteins).