chapter 26 (4) Flashcards
1
Q
Inhibition of Protein Synthesis
A
Aminoglycosides:
- Kanamycin, gentamicin.
- Bind 30s ribosomal subunit.
- Prevents joining to 50s subunit.
- Bactericidal.
- Side effects: hearing loss and kidney impairment.
2
Q
Inhibition of Protein Synthesis: Tetracycline
A
- Bacteriostatic
- Bind to 30s subunit
- Binding distorts A site and prevents alignment of aminoacylated tRNA with codon on mRNA.
3
Q
Inhibition of Protein Synthesis: Macrolides
A
- Erythromycin
- Mostly bacteriostatic but bactericidal for some Gram+.
- Bind 50s ribosomal subunit and inhibit translocation.
- Azithromycin.
4
Q
Inhibition of DNA/RNA synthesis: Quinolones and Fluoroquinolones
A
- Bactericidal
- Can penetrate phagocytes and kill intracellular pathogens.
- Not effective against most normal flora.
5
Q
Inhibition of DNA/RNA synthesis
A
Quinolones: -Inhibit bacterial DNA replication. -Nalidixic acid. Fluoroquinolones: -Fluorine added to quinolone Bind to and inhibit bacterial DNA gyrase.
6
Q
Inhibition of DNA/RNA synthesis: Rifampin
A
- Inhibits RNA synthesis.
- Inhibits activity of bacterial RNA polymerase.
- Effective against isoniazid
7
Q
Anti-metabolites
A
Trimethoprim & Sulfonamides -Inhibit production of tetrahydrofolic acid Sulfonamides -Inhibits 1st step of pathway Trimethoprim -Inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase
8
Q
Alteration of cell membranes
A
Polymyxins and colistin
- destroy cell membrane
- active against Gram-
- Serious side effects
- –skin and eye infections.
9
Q
Antibiotics from Prokaryotes: Daptomycin
A
- Produced by Streptomyces
- Used to treat Gram+ bacteria
- Forms pores in cytoplasmic membrane
10
Q
Antibiotics from Prokaryotes: Platensimycin
A
- New structural class of antibiotics
- Inhibits fatty acid biosynthesis
- Broad spectrum effective against MRSA
