Chapter 28-2

Question 1

Innate (nonspecific) immune response in short

Answer 1

Physical/ Chemical barriers
-Skin, mucous membranes, cilliary elevator, stomach acids.
Phagocytes and the inflammation response
-Inflammation can result from either innate or adaptive immune response.
GOAL: localize and destroy the pathogens.

Question 2

Response

Answer 2

Vasodilation, blood vessels become more permeable, phagocytes move out of capillaries, inflammation response mediated by cytokines.
Redness: increase in blood volume brings more phagocytes to infection site.
Swelling: phagocytes collect in inflamed area, spread of pathogen limited.
Pain.
Fever: rise in temperature may inhibit microbial growth.

Question 3

Inflammation

Answer 3

Systemic inflammatory reactions may have serious consequences
-uncontrolled fever
-death in up to 30% of individuals
Septic shock can be more dangerous than the initial infection.

Question 4

Cytokines, interleukins, pyrogens and interferons.

Answer 4

Cytokines: proteins released by cells that act as intracellular signaling molecules.
Interleukins: cytokines produced by one leukocyte and acting on another leukocyte.
Pyrogens: cytokines which induce fever response.
Interferons: cytokines produced in response to viral infections (makes cells resistant to viral attack).

Question 5

Antigens

Answer 5

Any chemical, compound or structure that elicits an immune response(ANTIbody GENerator).

• cell wall
• flagella
• internal/external proteins
• capsules
• toxins
• dust
• pollen

Question 6

Strongest to weakest antigens

Answer 6

Proteins->sugars->lipopolysaccharides->lipids-> DNA.

Antigens recognized by lymphocytes.

Question 7

Adaptive immunity

Answer 7

Acquired ability to recognize and destroy a particular pathogen or its products.
Dependent on previous exposure to pathogen or its products.
Directed toward an individual molecular component of pathogen(antigen).

Question 8

Adaptive immunity: Primary immune response

Answer 8

Following first antigen exposure, primary immune response occurs.
Stimulation of specialized antigen-reactive immune leukocytes (lymphocytes: T and B cells).
Each lymphocyte produces a unique protein that interacts with a single antigen.
-T cells: T cell receptor (TCR’s).
-B cells: antibodies or immunoglobulins (lgs).