chapter 28 Flashcards
2 functions of the reproductive system
- ensures the continued existence of the human species
2. produces, stores, nourishes and transports male and female reproductive cells
4 basic components
- gonads
- ducts that transport gametes
- accessory glands and organs
- external genitalia
gonads
- definition
- 2 functions
- reproductive organs
- produce reproductive cells (gametes)
- produce hormones
- produce reproductive cells (gametes)
ejaculatory duct
connection between ductus deferens and seminal vesicles
ductus deferens
transports sperm
penis
conducts urine and semen to outside
urethra (male)
passageway used by urinary and reproductive system
testes
male gonads
scrotum
- contains
- location
- function
- types of muscles
- testes
- outside of body
- important for sperm production because develop at a lower body temp
- dartos and cremaster
dartos and cremaster
- contraction
- relaxation
- pull testes closer to body
- moves them away from body
epididymis
- definiton
- 2 functions
- start of male reproductive tract
- stores and protects sperm
- facilitates their maturation
- stores and protects sperm
3 accessory glands of the male reproductive system
- seminal vesicles
- prostate gland
- bulbo-urethral glands
seminal vesicles
- contributes what
- contains what
- alkaline or acidic
- 60% to vol of semen
- high concentration of fructose, prostateglandins and fibrinogin
- slighly alkaline
prostate gland
- contains
- alkaline or acidic secretion
- function
- prostatic fluid
- alkaline
- produce seminal plasmin (antibiotic)
prostatic fluid
20-30% of vol of semen
bulbo-urethral glands
-function
-secretes thick alkaline mucus
what does the secretion of the mucus cause
neutralizes urinary acids in urethra and lubricates tip of penis
3 regions of urethra in the penis
- prostate urethra
- membranous urethra
- spongy urethra
Location of :
- prostate urethra
- membranous urethra
- spongy urethra
- through prostate gland
- through urogenital diaphragm
- though penis
4 parts to penis
- root
- body
- neck
- glans
root of penis
attaches the penis to the body wall
body of penis
tubular wall and moveable
glans of penis
expanded end
what is removed during the circumcision
prepuce: fold of skin surrounding tip of penis
erectile tissue
- definition
- 3 columns
- maze of vascular channels
- corpus cavernosa (2 columns)
- corpus spongiosum
- corpus cavernosa (2 columns)
erectile tissue
- resting state
- parasympathetic stimulation
- arterial branches are closed and blood flow is restricted
- dilates arterial branches and tissues become engorged with blood = erection
testis
- develop where
- descend into
- septa
- in the abdomen
- the scrotum before birth
- divides testis into lobules
sperm production
- aka
- begins where
- order of sperm production (6)
- spermatogenesis
- in the seminiferous tubules
- spermatgonia
- primary spermatocytes
- secondary spermatocytes
- spermatids
- spermatids completing spermiogenesis
- mature spermatozoa
- spermatgonia
spermatogonium
stem cells that divide by mitosis
primary spermatocytes
ndergo division by meiosis I
secondary spermatocytes
undergo division by meiosis II
spermatids
undergo spermiogenesis (physical maturation)
mature spermatozoa
travel through seminiferous tubules to rete testes then to epididymis
sperm production
3 steps
- mitosis
- meiosis
- spermiogenesis
Spermproduction: mitosis
spermatogonium undergo cell division to produce 2 daugter cells
