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A&P 2 lecture > chapter 28 > Flashcards

chapter 28 Flashcards

1
Q

2 functions of the reproductive system

A
  1. ensures the continued existence of the human species

2. produces, stores, nourishes and transports male and female reproductive cells

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2
Q

4 basic components

A
  1. gonads
  2. ducts that transport gametes
  3. accessory glands and organs
  4. external genitalia
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3
Q

gonads

  • definition
  • 2 functions
A
  • reproductive organs
    1. produce reproductive cells (gametes)
      1. produce hormones
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4
Q

ejaculatory duct

A

connection between ductus deferens and seminal vesicles

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5
Q

ductus deferens

A

transports sperm

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6
Q

penis

A

conducts urine and semen to outside

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7
Q

urethra (male)

A

passageway used by urinary and reproductive system

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8
Q

testes

A

male gonads

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9
Q

scrotum

  • contains
  • location
  • function
  • types of muscles
A
  • testes
  • outside of body
  • important for sperm production because develop at a lower body temp
  • dartos and cremaster
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10
Q

dartos and cremaster

  • contraction
  • relaxation
A
  • pull testes closer to body

- moves them away from body

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11
Q

epididymis

  • definiton
  • 2 functions
A
  • start of male reproductive tract
    1. stores and protects sperm
      1. facilitates their maturation
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12
Q

3 accessory glands of the male reproductive system

A
  1. seminal vesicles
  2. prostate gland
  3. bulbo-urethral glands
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13
Q

seminal vesicles

  • contributes what
  • contains what
  • alkaline or acidic
A
  • 60% to vol of semen
  • high concentration of fructose, prostateglandins and fibrinogin
  • slighly alkaline
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14
Q

prostate gland

  • contains
  • alkaline or acidic secretion
  • function
A
  • prostatic fluid
  • alkaline
  • produce seminal plasmin (antibiotic)
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15
Q

prostatic fluid

A

20-30% of vol of semen

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16
Q

bulbo-urethral glands

-function

A

-secretes thick alkaline mucus

17
Q

what does the secretion of the mucus cause

A

neutralizes urinary acids in urethra and lubricates tip of penis

18
Q

3 regions of urethra in the penis

A
  1. prostate urethra
  2. membranous urethra
  3. spongy urethra
19
Q

Location of :

  • prostate urethra
  • membranous urethra
  • spongy urethra
A
  • through prostate gland
  • through urogenital diaphragm
  • though penis
20
Q

4 parts to penis

A
  1. root
  2. body
  3. neck
  4. glans
21
Q

root of penis

A

attaches the penis to the body wall

22
Q

body of penis

A

tubular wall and moveable

23
Q

glans of penis

A

expanded end

24
Q

what is removed during the circumcision

A

prepuce: fold of skin surrounding tip of penis

25
Q

erectile tissue

  • definition
  • 3 columns
A
  • maze of vascular channels
    1. corpus cavernosa (2 columns)
      1. corpus spongiosum
26
Q

erectile tissue

  • resting state
  • parasympathetic stimulation
A
  • arterial branches are closed and blood flow is restricted

- dilates arterial branches and tissues become engorged with blood = erection

27
Q

testis

  • develop where
  • descend into
  • septa
A
  • in the abdomen
  • the scrotum before birth
  • divides testis into lobules
28
Q

sperm production

  • aka
  • begins where
  • order of sperm production (6)
A
  • spermatogenesis
  • in the seminiferous tubules
    1. spermatgonia
      1. primary spermatocytes
      2. secondary spermatocytes
      3. spermatids
      4. spermatids completing spermiogenesis
      5. mature spermatozoa
29
Q

spermatogonium

A

stem cells that divide by mitosis

30
Q

primary spermatocytes

A

ndergo division by meiosis I

31
Q

secondary spermatocytes

A

undergo division by meiosis II

32
Q

spermatids

A

undergo spermiogenesis (physical maturation)

33
Q

mature spermatozoa

A

travel through seminiferous tubules to rete testes then to epididymis

34
Q

sperm production

3 steps

A
  1. mitosis
  2. meiosis
  3. spermiogenesis
35
Q

Spermproduction: mitosis

A

spermatogonium undergo cell division to produce 2 daugter cells

A&P 2 lecture (17 decks)

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