chapter 25 Flashcards
metabolism
- definition
- function
sum of chemical reactions occurring within the body
-provides energy needed to maintain homeostasis
catabolism
- definition
- when nutrients coming in are low =
- breakdown of organic substances-process releases energy
- cell will breakdown reserves
anabolism
synthesis of new organic molecules
nutrient pool
sources of substances for catabolism and anabolism
absorptive state
- definition
- what is happening
- type of period
- period following a meal, ~4 hrs
- nutrients are entering your system
- anabolic period
postabsorptive state
- definition
- what is happening
- type of period
- long time after eating; GI tract is empty
- nutrients are not entering the system
- catabolic
absorptive state
- carbs
- proteins
- lipids
- glucose –glycogenesis–> glycogen
- amino acids –protein synthesis–> proteins
- glycerol + FA –lipoproteins–> tryglycerides
postabsorptive state
- carbs
- proteins
- lipids
- glycogen –glycogenolysis–> glycogen
- protein –proteolysis–> AA
- tryclycerides –lipolysis– glycerol + FA
Aerobic respiration
- aka
- glucose catabolism
- 4 principle steps
- cellular respiration
- C6H12O6 + 6O2 -> 6Co2 + 6H2O + energy
- glycolysis
- pyruvate oxidation
- the citric acid (TCA) cycle
- Electron transport
- glycolysis
C6H12O6
- known as
- what does it undergo
- glucose
- glucose oxidation
glucose oxidation
break bonds of glucose and release e-
-electrons will be added to O2`
6O2
final e- acceptor
6CO2
exits the cell
energy
heat and 36 ATP
glycolysis
- location
- definition
- # of steps
- type of process
- cytosol
- conversion of 6C glucose to 2 3C pyruvate; glucose splitting in the cytoplasm
- 10 steps
- anaerobic (no O2 needed)
glycolysis
- what happens to the e- released from glucose during oxidation
- # of ATP produced
- how is ATP produced
- products
- added to a molecule of NAD as part of a H+ ion
- 2
- by substrate level phosphorylation
- 2 pyruvate, 2 NADH, 2 ATP
pyruvate oxidation
- location
- what is it
- what happens to the e- released from pyruvate during its oxidation
- how much ATP is produced
- products
- mitochondrial matrix
- conversion of 2 3C pyruvates to 2 molecules of acetyl CoA
- they are added as part of a H+ ion to NAD
- none
- 2 acetyl CoA; 2 CO2; 2 NADH
what does coenzyme A serve as in pyruvate oxidation
a carrier which helps to transport acetyl group
The citric acid cycle
- aka
- location
- what is it
- what happens to in e- released from acetyl CoA during its oxidation
- krebs cycle
- mitochondrial matrix
- breakdown of 2 2-C aceytl units to Co2
- e- are added as H+ ions to NAD to more NADH and to FAD to make FADH
the citric acid cycle
- is ATP produced? If so, how?
- products
- yes through substrate level phosphorylation
- 4 Co2, 6 NADH, 2 FADH2, 2 ATP
the electron transport chain
- location
- what is it
- cristae of mitochondria
- group of electron carriers that receive e- from 1 NADH and FADH2 and pass them from one carrier to the next
the electron transport chain
- where do the electrons delivered to it come from
- what is the final electron acceptor
- is ATP produced? if so, how?
- NADH and FADH2
- O2
- yes by oxidative phosphorylation
oxidative phophorylation
- definition
- activates what
e- passed down chain and energizes the cristae
-activates an enzyme ATP synthase
ATP synthase
ADP + P -> ATP
what do fatty acids under go
beta oxidation to produce acetyl CoA
what do AA undergo
deamination
deamination
carbon chain + ammonium -> liver converts to urea
what is the main catabolic pathway
glucose catabolism
Anaerobic respiration
- aka
- respiration without
- will occur where and when
- what serves as the final e- acceptor
- anaerobic glycolysis
- O2
- in skeletal muscles during intense exercise. when ATP production by oxidative phosphorylation cannot meet demand
- pyruvate
anaerobic respiration
- what is generated
- what happens when pyruvate accepts e- from NADH forming a new NAD molecule
- small amounts of ATP
- regerneration allows glycolysis to continue
