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A&P 2 lecture > chapter 25 > Flashcards

chapter 25 Flashcards

1
Q

metabolism

  • definition
  • function
A

sum of chemical reactions occurring within the body

-provides energy needed to maintain homeostasis

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2
Q

catabolism

  • definition
  • when nutrients coming in are low =
A
  • breakdown of organic substances-process releases energy

- cell will breakdown reserves

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3
Q

anabolism

A

synthesis of new organic molecules

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4
Q

nutrient pool

A

sources of substances for catabolism and anabolism

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5
Q

absorptive state

  • definition
  • what is happening
  • type of period
A
  • period following a meal, ~4 hrs
  • nutrients are entering your system
  • anabolic period
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6
Q

postabsorptive state

  • definition
  • what is happening
  • type of period
A
  • long time after eating; GI tract is empty
  • nutrients are not entering the system
  • catabolic
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7
Q

absorptive state

  • carbs
  • proteins
  • lipids
A
  • glucose –glycogenesis–> glycogen
  • amino acids –protein synthesis–> proteins
  • glycerol + FA –lipoproteins–> tryglycerides
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8
Q

postabsorptive state

  • carbs
  • proteins
  • lipids
A
  • glycogen –glycogenolysis–> glycogen
  • protein –proteolysis–> AA
  • tryclycerides –lipolysis– glycerol + FA
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9
Q

Aerobic respiration

  • aka
  • glucose catabolism
  • 4 principle steps
A
  • cellular respiration
  • C6H12O6 + 6O2 -> 6Co2 + 6H2O + energy
    1. glycolysis
      1. pyruvate oxidation
      2. the citric acid (TCA) cycle
      3. Electron transport
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10
Q

C6H12O6

  • known as
  • what does it undergo
A
  • glucose

- glucose oxidation

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11
Q

glucose oxidation

A

break bonds of glucose and release e-

-electrons will be added to O2`

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12
Q

6O2

A

final e- acceptor

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13
Q

6CO2

A

exits the cell

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14
Q

energy

A

heat and 36 ATP

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15
Q

glycolysis

  • location
  • definition
  • # of steps
  • type of process
A
  • cytosol
  • conversion of 6C glucose to 2 3C pyruvate; glucose splitting in the cytoplasm
  • 10 steps
  • anaerobic (no O2 needed)
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16
Q

glycolysis

  • what happens to the e- released from glucose during oxidation
  • # of ATP produced
  • how is ATP produced
  • products
A
  • added to a molecule of NAD as part of a H+ ion
  • 2
  • by substrate level phosphorylation
  • 2 pyruvate, 2 NADH, 2 ATP
17
Q

pyruvate oxidation

  • location
  • what is it
  • what happens to the e- released from pyruvate during its oxidation
  • how much ATP is produced
  • products
A
  • mitochondrial matrix
  • conversion of 2 3C pyruvates to 2 molecules of acetyl CoA
  • they are added as part of a H+ ion to NAD
  • none
  • 2 acetyl CoA; 2 CO2; 2 NADH
18
Q

what does coenzyme A serve as in pyruvate oxidation

A

a carrier which helps to transport acetyl group

19
Q

The citric acid cycle

  • aka
  • location
  • what is it
  • what happens to in e- released from acetyl CoA during its oxidation
A
  • krebs cycle
  • mitochondrial matrix
  • breakdown of 2 2-C aceytl units to Co2
  • e- are added as H+ ions to NAD to more NADH and to FAD to make FADH
20
Q

the citric acid cycle

  • is ATP produced? If so, how?
  • products
A
  • yes through substrate level phosphorylation

- 4 Co2, 6 NADH, 2 FADH2, 2 ATP

21
Q

the electron transport chain

  • location
  • what is it
A
  • cristae of mitochondria

- group of electron carriers that receive e- from 1 NADH and FADH2 and pass them from one carrier to the next

22
Q

the electron transport chain

  • where do the electrons delivered to it come from
  • what is the final electron acceptor
  • is ATP produced? if so, how?
A
  • NADH and FADH2
  • O2
  • yes by oxidative phosphorylation
23
Q

oxidative phophorylation

  • definition
  • activates what
A

e- passed down chain and energizes the cristae

-activates an enzyme ATP synthase

24
Q

ATP synthase

A

ADP + P -> ATP

25
Q

what do fatty acids under go

A

beta oxidation to produce acetyl CoA

26
Q

what do AA undergo

A

deamination

27
Q

deamination

A

carbon chain + ammonium -> liver converts to urea

28
Q

what is the main catabolic pathway

A

glucose catabolism

29
Q

Anaerobic respiration

  • aka
  • respiration without
  • will occur where and when
  • what serves as the final e- acceptor
A
  • anaerobic glycolysis
  • O2
  • in skeletal muscles during intense exercise. when ATP production by oxidative phosphorylation cannot meet demand
  • pyruvate
30
Q

anaerobic respiration

  • what is generated
  • what happens when pyruvate accepts e- from NADH forming a new NAD molecule
A
  • small amounts of ATP

- regerneration allows glycolysis to continue

A&P 2 lecture (17 decks)

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