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A&P 2 lecture > Chapter 21 > Flashcards

Chapter 21 Flashcards

1
Q

5 general classes of blood vessels

A
  1. arteries
  2. arterioles
  3. capillaries
  4. venules
  5. veins
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2
Q

arteries

A

carry blood aways from heart

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3
Q

arterioles

A

smaller branches of arteries found in tissues

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4
Q

venules

A

smaller veins

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5
Q

veins

A

larger vessels that carry blood toward heart

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6
Q

where is all the blood located in the body?

  • answer
  • total blood volume in venous system
A
  • blood is unevenly distributed among blood vessel

- ~70%

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7
Q

systemic venous system

-3 things

A
  1. venules and medium-sized veins (25%)
  2. large venous networks (liver, bone marrow, skin) (21%)
  3. large veins (18%)
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8
Q

pulmonary circuit

  • total percent
  • 3 things
A
  • 9%
    1. pulmonary arteries (3%)
      1. pulmonary capillaries (2%)
      2. pulmonary veins (4%)
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9
Q

Heart

-percentage of blood

A

-7%

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10
Q

systematic arterial system

  • percent
  • 4 things
A
  • 13%
    1. aorta (2%)
      1. elastic arteries (4%)
      2. muscular arteries (5%)
      3. arterioles (2%)
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11
Q

systematic capillaries

-percent

A

7%

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12
Q

3 types of veins

A
  1. large vein
  2. medium sized vein
  3. venule
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13
Q

2 types of capillary

A
  1. fenestrated

2. continuous

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14
Q

large vein

A

superior and inferior vena cava

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15
Q

venule

A

collect blood from capillary

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16
Q

fenestrated capillary

A

pores penetrate endothelium

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17
Q

continuous capillary

A

endothelium is complete

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18
Q

3 types of arteries

A
  1. elastic artery
  2. muscular artery
  3. arterioles
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19
Q

elastic arteries

  • known as
  • function
A
  • conducting arteries

- transport large volumes of blood away from heart

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20
Q

muscular artery

A

distribution arteries

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21
Q

capillaries

  • definition
  • what do they function as
  • high tissue demand for O2
  • low tissue demand for O2
A
  • only blood vessels that permit exchange between blood and surrounding
  • an interconnected network - capillary bed
  • precapillary sphincter opens
  • precapillary sphincter closes
22
Q

precapillary sphincter opens

-what does this allow

A

allows more blood flow through capillary bed

23
Q

precapillary sphincter closes

-what does this allow

A

less blood flow through capillary bed

24
Q

what is at the entrance to the capillary

A

band of smooth muscle

25
Q

structure of blood vessels

-3 distinct layers

A
  1. tunica intima
  2. tunica media
  3. tunica externa
26
Q

tunica intima

  • layer
  • type of tissue
A
  • innermost layer
  • squamous epithelium = endothelium
  • layer of connective tissue (areolar and elastic)
27
Q

tunica media

  • layer
  • 2 features
A
  • middle layer
  • layers of smooth muscle -allows vessel diameter to change
  • supplied by ANS
28
Q

Tunica externa

-2 features

A
  • outer most layer

- connective tissue

29
Q

vessel: artery
- endothelium (tunica intima)
- areolar/elastic tissue (tunica intima)
- tunica media
- tunica externa

A
  • yes
  • yes
  • yes (large and thick)
  • yes
30
Q

vessel: arteriole
- endothelium (tunica intima)
- areolar/elastic tissue (tunica intima)
- tunica media
- tunica externa

A
  • yes
  • yes
  • yes (less elastic tissue, more smooth muscle)
  • yes
31
Q

vessel: capillary
- endothelium (tunica intima)
- areolar/elastic tissue (tunica intima)
- tunica media
- tunica externa

A
  • yes
  • no
  • no
  • no
  • no
32
Q

vessel: venule
- endothelium (tunica intima)
- areolar/elastic tissue (tunica intima)
- tunica media
- tunica externa

A
  • yes
  • no
  • no
  • yes
33
Q

vessel: vein
- endothelium (tunica intima)
- areolar/elastic tissue (tunica intima)
- tunica media
- tunica externa
- type of vessels located in tunica media

A
  • yes
  • yes
  • yes (less smooth muscle compared to arteries)
  • Capacitance vessels - able to easily expand
34
Q

special feature of veins

A

valves

35
Q

valves

  • function
  • what are they?
A
  • permit blood flow in only 1 direction and are required to overcome the force of gravity
  • extensions of the tunica interna
36
Q

valves closed

A

prevents back flow of blood

37
Q

valves opened

A

contraction of skeletal muscle helps to squeeze blood toward heart

38
Q

Blood flow

  • definition
  • total blood flow =
  • why does blood flow
A
  • volume of blood flowing through a vessel or group of vessels
  • cardiac output
  • due to pressure gradients (moves from high to low)
39
Q

what creates the pressure in blood

A

the heart

40
Q

2 factors affecting blood flow

A
  1. F a P

2. F a 1/R

41
Q

F a P

  • definition
  • ex
A

flow is directly proportional to the pressure gradient

- increase Pressure = increase Flow

42
Q

F a 1/R

  • definition
  • ex 1
  • ex 2
A
  • flow is inversely proportional to resistance
  • increase resistance = decrease flow
  • decrease flow = increase resistance
43
Q

resistance

A

radius of vessel and viscosity of blood

44
Q

blood pressure

A

force of blood exerted against the vessel wall

45
Q

arterial blood pressure

  • definition
  • how is it reported
A

pressure of blood in arteries

- reported as mmHg

46
Q

venous blood pressure

  • definition
  • low or high pressure
A
  • pressure within the venous system

- very low

47
Q

measuring arterial blood pressure : heart contracts

  • where is the blood ejecting
  • pressure
  • type of pressure
A
  • into aorta and arteries
  • pressure in arteries is increasing to 120 mmHg
  • systolic pressure
48
Q

systolic pressure

  • definition
  • highest or lowest pressure in aorta
A

pressure in arteries due to ventricular systole

-highest pressure in aorta

49
Q

measuring arterial blood pressure: heart relaxes

  • blood is ejected where
  • blood flows up or down pressure gradient
  • pressure
  • type of pressure
A
  • blood is not ejected into arteries
  • down
  • decreases to 80 mmHg
  • diastolic pressure
50
Q

diastolic pressure

  • definition
  • highest or lowest pressure in aorta
A

pressure in arteries during ventricular diastole

51
Q

how do you measure

-what is the norm

A

systolic/diastolic

-120/80

52
Q

3 things combine to form fluctuation and creates pulse

A
  1. aorta
  2. elastic arteries
  3. muscular arteries

A&P 2 lecture (17 decks)

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