Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

A&P 2 lecture > chapter 19 part 2 > Flashcards

chapter 19 part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

platelets

  • how many per mm3 of blood
  • platelet production
  • 3 functions
A
  • 350,000
  • thrombocytopoieosis
    1. release chemicals important for clotting process
      1. forms temporary patch in wall of damaged blood vessel
  • contracts formed clot
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

megakaryocyte

  • big or small
  • sheds what
  • # of platelets produced from 1 megakaryocte
  • how many days does it circulate in blood for
A
  • very large
  • cytoplasm in small membrane - enclosed packets
  • 4000
  • 9-12 days
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

platelet abnormalities

-2 types

A
  1. thrombocytopenia

2. thrombocytosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

thrombocytopenia

  • definition
  • what does it cause
A
  • abnormally low platelet count

- causes uncontrolled internal bleeding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

thrombocytosis

A

abnormally high platelet count

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

hemostasis

  • definition
  • 3 phases
A
  • stoppage of bleeding in damaged vessel
    1. vascular phase
      1. platelet phase
      2. the coagulation phase
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Vascular phase

  • definition
  • cutting of vessel wall causes
  • component
A
  • immediate response that last ~30 min
  • contraction of smooth muscle
  • vascular spasm
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

vascular spasm

  • definition
  • minimizes what
A
  • decrease diameter of vessel

- minimizes blood loss

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Platelet phase

  • definition
  • 2 components
A
  • begins ~15 sec after injury
  • platelet adhesion
  • platelet plug
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

platelet adhesion

A

platelets begin to attach to exposed vessel surface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

platelet plug formation

A

platelets release various chemicals causing more platelets to adhere

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

coagulation phase

  • definition
  • what does it involve
  • 3 steps
A
  • begins ~30 sec after injury
  • involved Ca++ and 11 different clotting factors
    1. fibrinogen
      1. fibrin
      2. forms threads that seal off damaged vessel (clot)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

fibrinogen

A

soluable protein in plasma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

fibrin

A

insoluable protein in plasma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Coagulation: the common pathway

  • what does it do
  • 4 steps
A
  • forms a clot
    1. Activated factor X is converted to prothrombinase
      1. Prothrombinase converts prothrombin to thrombin
      2. Thrombin converts fibrinogen into fibrin
      3. fibrin forms the clot
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Activated factor X is made where

A

in the liver

17
Q

Is prothrombinase an active or inactive enzyme?

A

active enzyme

18
Q

prothrombin

  • what is it?
  • active or inactive enzyme
A
  • protein in plasma

- inactive enzyme

19
Q

thrombin

-active or inactive enzyme

A

active enzyme

20
Q

2 pathways to activated Factor X

A
  • extrinsic

- intrinsic

21
Q

extrinsic pathway

  • what is it triggered by
  • 1st or 2nd pathway to initiate clotting
  • 7 steps
A
  • factors that lie outside the blood
  • 1st pathway
    1. Tissue damage
      1. Tissue Factor III
      2. plasma components (Ca2+ and clotting factor VII)
      3. Factor VII - tissue factor complex
      4. activated factor X
      5. common pathway
      6. clot
22
Q

intrinsic pathway

  • what is it triggered by
  • 6 steps
A
  • triggered by platelets found in blood
    1. exposed collagen fibers at injury site
      1. activated proenzymes (factor XII)
      2. Plasma components (platelet factor, Ca2+, clotting factors VIII,XI)
      3. activated factor X
      4. common pathway
      5. clot
23
Q

control of coagulation

-4 requirements

A
  1. calcium
  2. vitamin K
  3. clot retraction (syneresis)
  4. fibrinolysis
24
Q

calcium requirement

A

any Ca2+ imbalance will have same affect on clotting

25
Q

Vitamin K requirement

  • why is it used
  • obtained by what
  • made by what
A
  • to make clotting factors
  • by diet
  • bacteria in large intestine
26
Q

clot retraction (syneresis)

  • definition
  • occurs over a period of how long
A
  • pulls torn edges of vessel closer together to reduce size of damaged area
  • over a period of 30 to 60 min
27
Q

Fibrinolysis

  • definition
  • 3 steps
A
  • dissolving the clot
    1. plasminogen (plasma protein, inactive enzyme)
  • tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) is released from damaged tissue
    2. plasmin (active enzyme)
    3. digests clot
28
Q

unwanted blood clots

-2 types

A
  1. embolus

2. thrombus

29
Q

embolus

  • type of clot
  • definition
A

moving clot

-becomes stuck in a blood vessel and blocks circulation in that area

30
Q

thrombus

-type of clot

A

stationary blood clot

31
Q

anticoagulants

A

prevents unwanted blood clots

A&P 2 lecture (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions