Chapter 27

Question 1

Holy Alliance

Answer 1

Alliance among Russia, Prussia, and Austria in defense of religion and est. order.
- Formed at Congress of Vienna by the most conservative European monarchies.

Question 2

Decembrist Uprising

Answer 2

• 1825 political revolt led by mid-level western-oriented army officers who advocated reforms. Put down by Tsar Nickolas I, who became more adamantly conservative.

Question 3

Tsar Nicholas I

Answer 3

• put down decembrist uprising

- put down polish revolts in 1830 and 1831

Question 4

What wars did Russia support? why? When did they occur?

Answer 4

The Greek independence wars, to undercut Turkish power, in the 1820s.

Question 5

Crimean war

Answer 5

1854-1856, began as a Russian attack on the Ottoman empire. Russia was opposed by France and Britain, resulting in defeat of Russia and reforms under Tsar Alexander II

Question 6

when were the serfs emancipated?

Answer 6

1861

Question 7

Zemstvoes

Answer 7

local political councils which regulated roads, schools and other regional policies, created by Alexander II

• gave russian middle class gov. experience
• replaced local gov. of the Aristocrats

Question 8

Trans-suberian railroad

Answer 8

• 1870s-80s completed
• gave russia a more active asian role, connecting them to the pacific ocean
• modern factories begin to spring up

Question 9

Sergei Witte

Answer 9

Minister of finance from 1892 to 1903, an economic modernizer. Improved banking system and raised tariffs, encouraging the building of factories. By 1900 approximately 1/2 of Russian industry was foreign owned.

Question 10

Intelligentsia

Answer 10

Russian radical group wanting a distinct russian culture. Some had feminist demands.

Question 11

Who assassinated Alexander II?

Answer 11

Anarchists who became a terrorist group.

Question 12

Lenin

Answer 12

aka vlad ilyish ulyanov, most active Russian Marxist leader, leader of the 1917 Bolshevik Revolution.

Question 13

when was the Russo-Japanese war?

Answer 13

1904, over territory in Manchuria. This violated the Amur River agreement.

Question 14

duma

Answer 14

like a russian parliament created after 1905 rev, rendered useless under Tsar Nicholas II

Question 15

Stolypin Reforms

Answer 15

introduced by the russian interior minister Piotr Stolypin, intended to placate the peasantry after the 1905 rev.
Reduced redeem. payments and attempted to create a market-oriented peasantry.

Question 16

Kulaks

Answer 16

agricultural entrepreneurs who utilized stolypin + NEP reforms to increase agricultural production and buy additional land.

Question 17

Terakoya

Answer 17

commoner schools in japan that taught the rudiments of confucianism, reading, and writing.

Question 18

Dutch Studies

Answer 18

Used the dutch books that were legalized to learn about western tech and science

Question 19

when did commodore mathew perry show up in Japan?

Answer 19

1853

Question 20

japanese civil war:

Answer 20

1866-68, Samurai, armed with surplus civil war weapons, defeat a shogunate force and Mutsuhito is named Emperor, ruling over the Meiji state.

Question 21

how did the Meiji State change politics?

Answer 21

• ended Feudalism and the Daimyos, replacing them with prefects.
• abolished the Samurai class and converted the agriculture tax to a general, moneyed tax.
  Diet (1889/ Parliament formed by new Constitution, able to advise but not control the gov.

Question 22

Zaibatsu

Answer 22

huge industrial combines created in the 1890s