Ch. 32

Question 1

Zapatistas

Answer 1

Guerrilla movement named in honor of Emiliano Zapata; originated in 1994 in Mexico southern state of Chiapas; government responded with a combination of repression in negotiation.

Question 2

Juan José Arevalo

Answer 2

Elected president of Guatemala in 1944; begin series of socialist reforms including land reform; nationalist program directed against foreign owned companies such as the United fruit company.

Question 3

United fruit company

Answer 3

The most important foreign economic concern in Guatemala during the 20th century; attempted landform in the united fruit company caused US intervention in Guatemalan politics leading to ouster of reform government in 1954

Question 4

Fulgencio Batista

Answer 4

Dictator of Cuba from 1934; returned to presidency in 1952; ousted from government by revolution led by Fidel Castro.

Question 5

Fidel Castro

Answer 5

Cuban revolutionary; overthrew dictator in 1958; initiated series of socialist reforms; came to depend almost exclusively on Soviet union

Question 6

Ernesto “Che” Guevara

Answer 6

Argentine revolutionary; aided Fidel Castro in overthrow of Fulgencio Batisra regime in Cuba; died while directing guerilla movement in Bolivia in 1967

Question 7

Liberation theology

Answer 7

Combined Catholic theology and socialist principles in effort to bring about improved conditions for the poor in LA in the 20th century.

Question 8

Salvador Allende

Answer 8

President of Chile; nationalized industries and banks; sponsored peasant and worker expropriation of lands and foreign owned factories; overthrown in 1973 by revolt of Chilean military with support of the US

Question 9

Sandinista Party

Answer 9

Nicaraguan socialist movement named after Augusto Sandino; successfully carried out a socialist revolution in Nicaragua during the 1980s

Question 10

Augusto Sandino

Answer 10

Led guerilla resistance movement against US occupation forces in Nicaragua; assassinated by Nicaraguan National Guard in 1934; became national hero and symbol of resistance to US influence in Central America

Question 11

Banana Republics

Answer 11

Term given to governments supported or created by the US in Central America; believed to be either corrupt or subservient to US interests

Question 12

Good Neighbor Policy

Answer 12

Established by FDR for dealing with Latin America in 1933; intended to halt direct intervention in Latin American politics

Question 13

Alliance for Progress

Answer 13

Begun in 1961 by United States to develop Latin America as an alternative to radical political solutions; enjoyed only limited success; failure of development programs lead to renewal of direct intervention

Question 14

When does the PRI lose power in Mexico? Who takes over?

Answer 14

2000, Vicente Fox

Question 15

NAFTA

Answer 15

North Atlantic free-trade agreement, caused turmoil in Mexico

Question 16

Juan Perón

Answer 16

President of Argentina from 1947, wife was Evita, used populist political style

Question 17

Dirty wars

Answer 17

In Argentina the military government suppressed and disappeared over 3000 people from 1976 to 1983

Question 18

Argentina versus Britain

Answer 18

War over the Falkland islands Argentina is defeated and military government is discredited

Question 19

When did Argentina’s economy collapse?

Answer 19

2001

Question 20

When was the reform gov in Guatemala in power?

Answer 20

1944-54

Question 21

When did civilian government return to Guatemala

Answer 21

1996

Question 22

When does the US backed invasion of Cuba take place

Answer 22

1961

Question 23

US actions in Panama

Answer 23

Invades Panama deposes general Noreiga, replaces gov with a cooperative regime, promoting drug smuggling in the process

Question 24

PRI

Answer 24

Party of the institutionalized revolution; dominant political party in Mexico, develop during the 1920s and 1930s; Incorporated labor, Peasant, military, and middle-class actors; control other political organizations in Mexico