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American History II > Chapter 27 > Flashcards

Chapter 27 Flashcards

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1
Q

the largest public works program in American history

A

Federal Highway Act

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2
Q

the practice of limiting work output in order to create more jobs

A

featherbedding

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3
Q

Eisenhower’s term for the federal government’s continuing aid to businesses

A

“creeping socialism”

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4
Q

Truman’s domestic policy

A

Fair Deal

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5
Q

balancing economic conservatism with some activism

A

dynamic conservatism

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6
Q

In 1947 the conservative Congress set out to curb the power of organized labor by passing the -

a) Fair Deal
b) Federal Highway Act
c) Taft-Hartley Act
d) GI Bill

A

c) Taft-Hartley Act

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7
Q

Dwight Eisenhower’s running mate (Vice President) in the presidential election of 1952 was -

a) Richard Nixon
b) Adlai Stevenson
c) Strom Thurmond
d) Thomas Dewey

A

a) Richard Nixon

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8
Q

What did Eisenhower end that many conservatives had viewed as unnecessary federal control over the business community -

a) government work programs
b) the GI Bill
c) government price and rent controls
d) union shops

A

c) government price and rent controls

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9
Q

Truman won the election in 1948 with strong support from laborers, farmers, and -

a) wealthy socialists
b) Southern Democrats
c) the new Progressive Party
d) African Americans

A

d) African Americans

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10
Q

Eisenhower came to an agreement with Canada to build an American-Canadian waterway to aid international shipping called the -

a) Chesapeake Bay Seaway
b) Great Lakes-St. Lawrence Seaway
c) American-Canadian Seaway
d) St Lawrence River locks

A

b) Great Lakes-St. Lawrence Seaway

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11
Q

one of the nation’s earliest computers

A

ENIAC

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12
Q

developed an injectable vaccine for polio and tested it on himself, his wife and his three sons

A

Jonas Salk

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13
Q

one of the earliest suburbs, which was located 10 miles east of New York City

A

Levittown

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14
Q

a period from 1945 to 1961 when more than 65 million children were born in the United States

A

baby boom

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15
Q

economist who wrote the 1958 book The Affluent Society

A

John Kenneth Galbraith

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16
Q

What became the fastest-growing industry in the US during the 1950s?

a) construction
b) food
c) advertising
d) medical research

A

c) advertising

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17
Q

About 85 percent of new home construction in the 1950s was found in -

a) the suburbs
b) the city
c) rural towns
d) the South

A

a) the suburbs

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18
Q

Many large corporations competed with each other and some expanded overseas, creating -

a) conglomerates
b) franchises
c) multinational franchises
d) multinational corporations

A

d) multinational corporations

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19
Q

What epidemic brought a wave of terror to postwar America -

a) polio
b) yellow fever
c) influenza
d) whooping cough

A

a) polio

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20
Q

What did John Bardeen, Walther H. Brattain, and William Shockley develop in 1947 -

a) a nuclear reaction
b) the transistor
c) radiowaves
d) microwaves

A

b) the transistor

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21
Q

cultural separation between children and their parents

A

generation gap

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22
Q

hosted Toast of the Town

A

Ed Sullivan

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23
Q

African American rock ‘n’ roll singer

A

Little Richard

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24
Q

enjoyed television success with routines of bad violin playing and stingy behavior

A

Jack Benny

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25
Q

beat member who published On the Road in 1957

A

Jack Kerouac

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26
Q

While the film industry may not have been collapsing, it certainly did suffer after the war due to the popularity of -

a) live theater
b) television
c) reading
d) radio

A

b) television

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27
Q

What music had a loud and heavy beat that made it ideal for dancing -

a) reggae
b) country
c) rock ‘n’ roll
d) jazz

A

c) rock ‘n’ roll

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28
Q

With a few notable exceptions, television tended to shut out -

a) African Americans
b) the middle class
c) women
d) white-collar workers

A

a) African-Americans

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29
Q

Who eventually claimed the title of King of Rock ‘n’ Roll -

a) Little Richard
b) Allen Ginsberg
c) Elvis Presley
d) Alan Freed

A

c) Elvis Presley

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30
Q

By 1957 how many television sets were in use in the United States -

a) 3 million
b) 40 million
c) 10 million
d) 5 million

A

b) 40 million

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31
Q

a figure the government set to reflect the minimum income required to support a family

A

poverty line

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32
Q

antisocial or criminal behavior of young people

A

juvenile delinquency

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33
Q

the federal government’s withdrawal of all official recognition of Native Americans groups as legal entities

A

termination policy

34
Q

chronicled poverty in the US in his book, “The Other America”

A

Michael Harrington

35
Q

a conservative commentator

A

Bishop Fulton J. Sheen

36
Q

By the middle of the 1900s, what group of people were the poorest in the nation -

a) Native Americans
b) African Americans
c) Irish Americans
d) German Americans

A

a) Native Americans

37
Q

The programs that tried to eliminate poverty by tearing down slums and erecting new high-rise buildings for poor residents were called -

a) tenements
b) soup kitchens
c) welfare
d) urban renewal

A

d) urban renewal

38
Q

Due to the Bracero program during the 1940s and 1950s, the country witnessed a sharp rise in the number of immigrants from -

a) Italy
b) Mexico
c) Spain
d) Portugal

A

b) Mexico

39
Q

Studies of life in Appalachia revealed high rates of infant mortality and -

a) polio
b) juvenile delinquency
c) nutritional deficiency
d) suicide

A

c) nutritional deficiency

40
Q

The cores of numerous cities deteriorated as middle-class flight deprived urban areas of -

a) termination policies
b) minorities
c) tax dollars
d) cultural events

A

c) tax dollars

41
Q

African American actor who expressed resentment for having to play stereotypical roles in 1950s movies

A

Sidney Portier

42
Q

African American singer who recorded hi songs in the fifties

A

Chuck Berry

43
Q

Dixiecrat Party candidate for president in 1948

A

Strom Thurmond

44
Q

beat poet who blasted modern American life

A

Allen Ginsberg

45
Q

developed an oral vaccine for polio

A

Albert Sabin

46
Q

Eisenhower’s vice president

A

Richard Nixon

47
Q

disc jockey who helped launch rock ‘n’ roll by playing African American music on the air

A

Alan Freed

48
Q

“Every segment of our population has a right to expect from … government a fair deal.”

A

Harry S Truman

49
Q

As a result of the GI Bill, many returning soldiers -

a) found jobs in business
b) decided to make a career in the military
c) attended college
d) received awards and bonuses for their wartime service

A

c) attended college

50
Q

President Truman ended the miners’ strike by ordering government seizure of the mines while -

a) pressuring owners to grant most union demands
b) pressuring strikers to accept a minimal pay increase
c) pushing through a law that banned strikes in energy industries
d) pushing through a law that required mine owners to negotiate with unions

A

a) pressuring owners to grant most union demands

51
Q

The States’ Rights Party formed for the 1948 election as a reaction to -

a) the “Do-Nothing Congress”
b) Truman’s aggressive federal spending
c) Truman’s support of civil rights
d) Truman’s support of big business

A

c) Truman’s support of civil rights

52
Q

In Nixon’s famous “Checkers speech,” “Checkers” referred to -

a) his political opponents
b) the pieces of his defense plan
c) his daughters
d) his dog

A

d) his dog

53
Q

Eisenhower used the term “creeping socialism” to refer to -

a) public support for national health care
b) the expansion of Social Security
c) the expansion of the welfare system
d) the federal government’s continuing aid to businesses

A

d) the federal government’s continuing aid to businesses

54
Q

To benefit from a cheaper labor pool, some businesses in the 1950s began to -

a) hire African Americans
b) hire teenagers
c) expand overseas
d) move to the Sunbelt

A

c) expand overseas

55
Q

The development of the transistor made possible the -

a) mass production of radios
b) miniaturization of radios
c) development of the computer
d) mass production of computers

A

b) miniaturization of radios

56
Q

Rock ‘n’ roll grew out of the sounds of -

a) jazz
b) swing
c) rhythm and blues
d) ragtime

A

c) rhythm and blues

57
Q

In his book “The Other America”, Michael Harrington wrote about -

a) the beat movement
b) street gangs
c) poverty
d) the generation gap

A

c) poverty

58
Q

Topping the list of juvenile crimes in the 1950s was -

a) assault
b) shoplifting
c) vandalism
d) car theft

A

d) car theft

59
Q

As president, Eisenhower had a conservative side and an activist side. Describe some of his programs and actions that reflected these two sides.

A

Eisenhower showed his conservative side:

  1. appointing several business leaders to his cabinet.
  2. ended government price and rent controls
  3. tried to curb the federal budget by vetoing a school construction bill and slashing government aid to public housing.
  4. supported some modest tax reductions
  5. abolished the Reconstruction Finance Corporation and slashed funding for the Tennessee Valley Authority. He displayed his activism by
  6. advocating passage of the Federal Highway Act
  7. authorizing construction of the Great Lakes-St. Lawrence Seaway
  8. extended the Social Security system to an additional 10 million people
  9. extended unemployment compensation
  10. increased the minimum wage
  11. continued to provide some government aid to farmers
60
Q

Three broad categories of factors that contributed to the baby boom. Explain each of these factors and how they contributed to the baby boom -

  1. War’s End
  2. Government
  3. Popular Culture
A

Several factors contributed to the baby boom -

  1. young couples who had delayed marriage during WW II and the Korea Way could now marry. buy homes and begin their families
  2. The government encouraged the growth of families by offering generous GI benefits for home purchases
  3. Television and in magazines, popular culture celebrated pregnancy, parenthood and large families
61
Q

businesses in which a person owns and runs one or several stores of a chain operation

A

franchises

62
Q

banned union shops

A

right-to-work laws

63
Q

physical labor

A

blue-collar jobs

64
Q

early computer that handled business data

A

UNIVAC

65
Q

business in which new workers were required to join the union

A

union shop

66
Q

provided loans to veterans

A

GI Bill

67
Q

group of mostly white artists who sought to live unconventional lives

A

beats

68
Q

forcing business owners to hire only union members

A

closed shop

69
Q

movies shown on large, panoramic screens

A

cinemascope

70
Q

After WW II, labor unrest was triggered by -

a) rising inflation
b) falling wages
c) lack of jobs
d) poor working conditions

A

a) rising inflation

71
Q

Which of the following choices best completes the following:
Taft-Hartley Act - outlawed the Closed Shops
prohibited featherbedding
?
a) supported unions’ right to contribute to political campaigns
b) allowed right-to-work laws
c) increased the minimum wage
d) outlawed strikes

A

b) allowed right-to-work laws

72
Q

Congress passed all of the following parts of Truman’s Fair Deal EXCEPT:

a) a minimum wage increase
b) an expansion of Social Security
c) a national housing act
d) a civil rights act

A

d) a civil rights act

73
Q

President Eisenhower described his political beliefs as -

a) conservative
b) liberal
c) progressive
d) middle of the road

A

d) middle of the road

74
Q

According to John Kenneth Galbraith, postwar America had an “economy of abundance” because of -

a) the huge numbers of new workers returning from the war
b) new business techniques and improved technology
c) the new consumer culture
d) the growth of suburbs

A

b) new business techniques and improved technology

75
Q

Some observers criticized suburbia because it -

a) lacked diversity
b) represented conspicuous consumption
c) represented a departure from traditional values
d) contributed to urban sprawl

A

a) lacked diversity

76
Q

Many of the early television comedy shows were adapted from popular -

a) movies
b) radio shows
c) novels
d) stage plays

A

b) radio shows

77
Q

Many quiz shows left the air when -

a) fraud was discovered in one of them
b) comedy became more popular
c) they were accused of gambling
d) young audiences lost interest

A

a) fraud was discovered in one of them

78
Q

The government unwittingly encouraged residents of public housing to remain poor by -

a) increasing the rent as they earned more money
b) evicting them as soon as they began to earn any money
c) requiring them to pay for maintenance
d) locating the housing too far from available jobs

A

b) evicting them as soon as they began to earn any money

79
Q

The federal government’s termination policy was intended to -

a) end poverty in the inner city by replacing slums with new high-rise buildings
b) bring Native Americans into mainstream society
c) fight juvenile delinquency
d) end the dependence of poor Americans on government aid

A

b) bring Native Americans into mainstream society

80
Q

What were some reasons for the rapid growth of suburbia in the 1950s

A
  1. some moved to the suburbs to escape the crime and congestion of the city
  2. Others viewed life in the suburbs as a move up to a better life
  3. the GI Bill offered low-interest loans making new housing affordable during the postwar period
  4. the government’s offer of income tax deductions for home mortgage interest payments and property taxes
  5. suburbs came to symbolize the American dream
81
Q

Describe how the rise of television affected Hollywood, and how Hollywood responded.

A

As television gained popularity, movies lost viewers. Throughout the 1950s Hollywood struggled to recapture its audience - it tried contests, door prizes and advertising, but most of these tactics failed to lure people out of their living rooms.
Then Hollywood tried to make films more exciting by introducing 3-D films which worked for a short-time. Cinemascope gave Hollywood a boost, and they began to film programs especially for television and also sold old movies which could be cheaply rebroadcast to the networks.

American History II (18 decks)

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