Chapter 24 Flashcards

1
Q

Adolf Hitler blamed Germany’s defeat in World War I on the -

a) weak German ruler
b) democratic form of government
c) Jews
d) Slavs

A

c) Jews

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2
Q

The Nuremberg Laws -

a) took citizenship away from Jewish Germans
b) required all Jewish Germans to move to concentration camps
c) required all Jewish Germans to leave the country
d) authorized German police to shoot Jewish Germans

A

a) took citizenship away from Jewish Germans

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3
Q

The Nazis’ “final solution” referred to their plans to -

a) defeat France
b) conquer Britain
c) exterminate Europe’s Jews
d) rule Europe after conquering it

A

c) exterminate Europe’s Jews

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4
Q

Most of the Jewish refugees aboard the SS St Louis -

a) immigrated to the US
b) disembarked in Cuba
c) were given refuge in Mexico
d) died in the Nazis’ “final solution”

A

d) died in the Nazis’ “final solution”

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5
Q

To get resources, the Japanese military invaded -

a) Taiwan
b) Korea
c) Tibet
d) Manchuria

A

d) Manchuria

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6
Q

The Neutrality Act of 1935 made it illegal for -

a) American citizens to join another country’s military
b) Americans to sell arms to any country at war
c) Congress to declare war on any country
d) Americans to join the Communist or Fascist Party

A

b) Americans to sell arms to any country at war

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7
Q

In the Munich Conference, Britain and France -

a) told Hitler that they would declare war if he invaded Czechoslovakia
b) gave in to Hitler’s demands for the Sudetenland
c) allowed Czechoslovakia to become a German protectorate
d) told Hitler they would declare war if he invaded Poland

A

b) gave in to Hitler’s demands for the Sudentenland

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8
Q

The Nazi-Soviet nonaggression treaty contained a secret deal between Germany and the Soviet Union -

a) divide Poland between them
b) divide France between them
c) not fight each other
d) fight France and Britain

A

a) divide Poland between them

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9
Q

In the Wannsee Conference, Nazi leaders -

a) planned the invasion of Poland
b) negotiated with Britain and France for the Sudetenland
c) planned the “final solution”
d) negotiated a nonaggression treaty with the Soviet Union

A

c) planned the “final solution”

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10
Q

The Lend-Lease Act was Roosevelt’s way of getting arms to Britain without Britain having to -

a) pick them up
b) return them after the war
c) take out loans to pay for them
d) pay cash

A

d) pay cash

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11
Q

The air battle between the German air force and the British RAF that began in June 1940 and lasted into the fall of 1940 became known as -

a) sitzkrieg
b) the Battle of Britain
c) the Munich Crisis
d) the “Miracle at Dunkirk”

A

b) the Battle of Britain

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12
Q

The Nazis reserved their strongest hatred for Jews, although they also held other groups in contempt including homosexuals, the disabled, Gypsies, and -

a) brown-eyed people
b) Scandinavians
c) Slavic peoples
d) the Japanese

A

c) Slavic peoples

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13
Q

Hitler’s air force was called the -

a) Wehrmacht
b) Messerschmitz
c) Gestapo
d) Luftwaffe

A

d) Luftwaffe

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14
Q

The first act of Hitler which violated the treaty of Versailles was the -

a) seizure of the Sudetenland
b) rejoining of Germany and Austria
c) Beer Hall Putsch
d) rearming of the Rhineland

A

d) rearming of the Rhineland

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15
Q

Hitler’s army was called the -

a) Wehrmacht
b) Messerschmitz
c) Gestapo
d) Luftwaffe

A

a) Wehrmacht

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16
Q

After being trapped by the Germans in Belgium, the only port remaining open for Britain and France to evacuate their surviving troops was at -

a) Antwerp
b) Brussels
c) Dunkirk
d) Danzig

A

c) Dunkirk

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17
Q

The Enabling Act -

a) made Hitler dictator of Germany
b) made Hitler head of the Nazi Party
c) brought Mussolini to power
d) allowed the German Constitution to be ignored for 4 years

A

d) allowed the German Constitution to be ignored for 4 years

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18
Q

The Fascist militia that supported Mussolini was known as the ___________

A

blackshirts

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19
Q

As Hitler began to claim lands for Germany, other nations followed a policy of _________, or giving in to his demands in exchange for peace. Also the policy of giving concessions in exchange for peace _______.
Same answer to both statements

A

appeasement

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20
Q

Japans attack on Pearl Harbor occurred on the date _________ (month, day and year)

A

December 7, 1941

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21
Q

The German attack on Poland began WWII on ______ (month, date and year)

A

September 1, 1939

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22
Q

The forced rejoining of Germany and Austria was called the ______; another term for unification

A

anschluss

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23
Q

The night time bombing of London by the Germans was called the _____

A

blitz

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24
Q

The German attack on Poland was called “lightning war” or _______ (Hitler’s “lightening “war” was called ____?) Same answer for both statements

A

blitzkrieg

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25
Q

The Axis powers at the beginning of WWII were ______, ______ and _______.

A

Germany, Italy and Japan

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26
Q

The German secret police was called the ________

A

gestapo

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27
Q

Hitler’s autobiography, written while in prison, was name ___________

A

Meinkempf (My Struggle)

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28
Q

Hitler’s attempt to overthrow the government in Munich was called ________.

A

Beer Hall Putsch

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29
Q

Bolshevik leader of Russia after Lenin; became the leader of Russia after Lenin

A

Josef Stalin

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30
Q

Japanese Admiral who developed the plan to bomb Pearl Harbor

A

Yamamoto

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31
Q

Prime Minister of Britain AFTER 1940

A

Winston Churchill

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32
Q

Il Duce

A

Benito Mussolini

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33
Q

der Fuhrer

A

Adolf Hitler

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34
Q

President of Germany who made Hitler Chancellor; gave Hitler the title of Chancellor of Germany

A

Paul Hindenberg

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35
Q

head of the German secret police

A

Heinrich Himmler

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36
Q

established a fascist government in Spain after the civil war

A

Francisco Franco

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37
Q

leader of the government in Vichy, France

A

Henri Petain

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38
Q

Prime Minister of Britain BEFORE 1940

A

Neville Chamberlain

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39
Q

What was the Maginot Line? Did it serve its purpose? Why or Why not? (5 pt)

A

The Maginot Line was a series of concrete bunkers on the French and German border. These bunkers did not stop the Germans from advancing because the Germans were able to cut through the Ardennes Forest.

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40
Q

What was the Night of the Long Knives? Why do you think it occurred? (5 pt)

A

It was the night when Hitler purged all those who helped him come to power. He knew these were the only people who might could take his power away.

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41
Q

Explain how Hitler’s treatment of the Jews progressed from his first speeches against them to his “final solution.” (10 pt)

A

The first thing Hitler did to the Jews was to take away their citizenship by issuing the Nuremberg Laws. These laws restricted Jews from being able to vote, hold public office, marry Germans, study medicine and many other things. Hitler’s next step was making all Jews wear the bright yellow star of David. Once they had these, he packed Jews in tiny cities called ghettos. The biggest ghetto was called Warsaw. Once they were in these concentrated areas, Hitler would send his SS (secret service) to bring the Jews to concentration camps. Hitler’s followers had a meeting to decide the “final solution” for the Jews. This decision was extermination. The Jews were then sent to extermination and death/camps.

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42
Q

Explain how the treaty that ended WWI became one of the underlying causes of WWII in Europe. (10 pts)

A

The Treaty of Versailles ended WWI and became part of what led to WWII in Europe. The treaty placed full blame for WWI on Germany and Austria. The treaty also posed harsh financial repayments required by Germany which led to economic problems. Germany was also limited on how it could rebuild its military. The German people also mistrusted their government. Along with all of this, the depression hit. People were looking for a new leader and government which gave rise to the Nazi party.

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43
Q

Explain how Japanese aggression in Asia and the reaction to it led to the bombing of British and America holdings in Asia. (10 pts)

A

Answer later

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44
Q

What was kristallnacht? Why was it important? (5 pts)

A

Kristallnacht, literally, “Night of Crystal,” is often referred to as the “Night of Broken Glass.” The name refers to the wave of violent anti-Jewish actions which took place on November 9 and 10, 1938. This wave of violence took place throughout Germany, annexed Austria, and in areas of the Sudetenland in Czechoslovakia recently occupied by German troops. Broken glass from the windows of synagogues, homes, and Jewish-owned businesses plundered and destroyed during the violence lined the streets. The rioters destroyed 267 synagogues throughout Germany, Austria, and the Sudetenland. Many synagogues burned throughout the night in full view of the public and of local firefighters, who had received orders to intervene only to prevent flames from spreading to nearby buildings. Windows of an estimated 7,500 Jewish-owned commercial establishments were shattered and the businesses looted. Jewish cemeteries became a particular object of desecration in many regions.
It was important because Kristallnacht marked the first instance in which the Nazi regime incarcerated Jews on a massive scale simply on the basis of their ethnicity. Hundreds died in the camps as a result of the brutal treatment they endured. Most did obtain release over the next three months on the condition that they begin the process of emigration from Germany. Kristallnacht would serve as a spur to the emigration of Jews from Germany in the months to come and led to more drastic measures, the Holocaust.

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45
Q

Hitler’s extermination of nearly 6 million Jews is called the ______

A

Holocaust

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46
Q

The combined air and land force Hitler sent to Spain was called the _____

A

Condor Legion

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47
Q

The largest warship ever built was the German ship, _______

A

Bismarck

48
Q

The Jews were confined in fenced off areas of cities called ______ (Jewish people were concentrated in areas of large cities called ______)
Same answer to both statements

A

ghettos

49
Q

One airfield bombed in Hawaii was _______

A

Ewa

50
Q

A night of anti-Jewish violence became known as -

a) blitzkrieg
b) Anschluss
c) Kristallnacht
d) Gestapo

A

d) Kristallnacht

51
Q

Roosevelt sent destroyers to Britain in exchange for -

a) cash
b) a promise to pay at war’s end
c) U.S. bases on British-held territory
d) manufactured British goods

A

c) U.S. bases on British-held territory

52
Q

One of the new political parties to rise during the political and economic chaos in Germany after World War I was the National Socialist German Workers’ Party, also known as the -

a) Socialist Party
b) Nazi Party
c) Fascist Party
d) Bolshevik Party

A

b) Nazi Party

53
Q

Who was the leader of the 1936 rebellion in Spain that quickly became a civil war?

a) Benito Mussolini
b) Vladimir Lenin
c) Francisco Franco
d) Gerald M Nye

A

c) Francisco Franco

54
Q

What finally brought the United States into World War II -

a) sinking of the Reuben James
b) Americans’ horror at the persecution of people by Nazis
c) Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor
d) the Atlantic Charter

A

c) Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor

55
Q

Hitler’s purging of those who had helped him come to power and might question his authority was called the -

a) blitzkrieg
b) Anschluss
c) Kristallnacht
d) Night of the Long Knives

A

d) Night of the Long Knives

56
Q

The force sent by Hitler to aid the Spanish rebels was called the -

a) Wehrmacht
b) Luftwaffe
c) Condor Legion
d) Gestapo

A

c) Condor Legion

57
Q

The forced rejoining of Germany and Austria was called the -

a) blitzkrieg
b) Anschluss
c) kristallnacht
d) Night of the Long Knives

A

b) Anschluss

58
Q

The attempt by Hitler and his followers to take control of the government of Munich was called the -

a) Night of the Long Knives
b) Beer Hall Putsch
c) Munich Conference
d) Night of the Broken Glass

A

b) Beer Hall Putsch

59
Q

The man Hitler named to be his successor was -

a) Goring
b) Himmler
c) Hydrich
d) Geobbels

A

a) Goring

60
Q

Hitler established a puppet government at ______, a small town outside Paris.

A

Vichy (check this answer)

61
Q

The string of concrete bunkers built along the French/German border was called the _________; also a line of concrete bunkers and fortifications built by the French along the German border

A

Maginot Line

62
Q

The Germans developed a chemical called ______ which was used in gas chambers to execute prisoners.

A

Zyklon B

63
Q

Hitler took back the _______, an area of Czechoslovakia where many people of German descent lived.

A

Sudetenland

64
Q

What name was given to the German doctor, Josef Mengele?

A

Angel of Death

65
Q

What is the German word used by Hitler for “living room”

A

lebensraum

66
Q

What is the Jewish word for the Holocaust, which means “catastrophe? Hebrew for “catastrophe” and used specifically to refer to the Holocaust

A

Shoah

67
Q

To what South American country did many Nazi war criminals escape after the war?

A

The majority to Argentina (about 5,000)
1,500 - 2,000 to Brazil
500 - 1000 to Chile
others to Paraguay and Uruguay

68
Q

headed up the German puppet government near Paris

A

Henri Petain

69
Q

helped to save hundreds of Jews by hiring them to work in his factory

A

Oscar Schindler

70
Q

Germany, Italy and Japan

A

Axis Powers

71
Q

idea that a country should focus on its own problems and avoid international commitments

A

isolationism

72
Q

a kind of aggressive nationalism

A

fascism

73
Q

resource-rich province of China invaded by the Japanese army

A

Manchuria

74
Q

Who was a fervent anti-Communist and a great admirer of Benito Mussolini’s leadership style

a) Adolf Hitler
b) Joseph Stalin
c) Francisco Franco
d) Vladimir Lenin

A

a) Adolf Hitler

75
Q

Many military officers in Japan were strong nationalists and believed Japan was destined to dominate -

a) North America
b) South America
c) East Asia
d) Europe

A

c) East Asia

76
Q

In 1927 the Soviet dictator Joseph Stalin began a massive effort to -

a) overthrow communism
b) industrialize his country
c) educate the peasants
d) increase trade

A

b) industrialize his country

77
Q

A Polish port with strong German roots - ____________

A

Danzig

78
Q

In late 1937, Hitler concluded that Germany would gain supplies of food, defensible frontiers, and soldiers by seizing Austria and -

a) Czechoslovakia
b) Poland
c) Belgium
d) France

A

a) Czechoslovakia

79
Q

After the fall of Poland, Hitler and his generals decided to attack -

a) Belgium and Luxembourg
b) Japan and China
c) Norway and Denmark
d) France and England

A

c) Norway and Denmark

80
Q

Girl who kept a diary of her life in hiding from the Nazis

A

Anne Frank

81
Q

Nazi extermination camp where 1,600,000 people died

A

Auschwitz

82
Q

took citizenship away from Jewish Germans and banned marriage between Jews and other Germans

A

Nuremberg Laws

83
Q

What event in 1938 marked a significant escalation in the Nazi policy of persecution against the Jews -

a) Kristallnacht
b) Nuremberg Laws
c) Wannsee Conference
d) Battle of Britain

A

a) Kristallnacht

84
Q

Few Americans wanted to raise immigration quotas, even to accommodate European -

a) leaders
b) trade
c) peace
d) refugees

A

d) refugees

85
Q

What was the name of one of the first and largest concentration camps built near the town of Weimar in 1937 -

a) Wannsee
b) Buchenwald
c) Treblinka
d) Krstallnacht

A

b) Buchenwald

86
Q

In 1942 Nazi leaders met to make plans for exterminating Europe’s Jews more quickly and efficiently at -

a) the Wannsee Conference
b) the Munich Conference
c) Nuremberg
d) the Berlin Meetings

A

a) Wannsee Conference

87
Q

materials important for fighting a war

A

strategic materials

88
Q

revised to allow warring countries to buy arms from the United States on a cash-and-carry basis

A

Neutrality Act of 1939

89
Q

American destroyer torpedoed and sunk by a German submarine

A

Reuben James

90
Q

stated the United States could lend or lease arms to any country considered “vital to the defense of the United States”

A

Lend-Lease Act

91
Q

the entire western half of the Atlantic Ocean that Roosevelt declared as neutral territory

A

hemispheric defense zone

92
Q

In June 1941, in violation of the Nazi-Soviet pact, Hitler launched a massive invasion of -

a) Norway
b) Bulgaria
c) the Soviet Union
d) Czechoslovakia

A

c) the Soviet Union

93
Q

In 1941 President Roosevelt began sending lend-lease aid to -

a) China
b) Britain
c) the Philippines
d) France

A

a) China

94
Q

Roosevelt and Churchill met near Newfoundland in 1941 and agreed on the text of the -

a) Export Control Act
b) Neutrality Act
c) Lend-Lease Act
d) Atlantic Charter

A

d) Atlantic Charter

95
Q

What did Roosevelt want to build on British-controlled land that compelled him to bypass the provisions of the Neutrality Act and trade 50 old destroyers with Britain -

a) new industries
b) military bases
c) research centers
d) schools

A

b) military bases

96
Q

Unification

A

Anschluss

97
Q

period when Britain and France waited for the Germans to attack

A

sitzkrieg

98
Q

Il Duce

A

Benito Mussolini

99
Q

mass killing of millions of European Jews by the Nazis

A

Holocaust

100
Q

requirement imposed by the first two Neutrality Acts for the purchase of nonmilitary supplies from the US

A

cash and carry

101
Q

depended on radios to coordinate the large number of tanks and aircraft

A

blitzkrieg

102
Q

French fortifications along the German border

A

Maginot Line

103
Q

Two causes of the rise of dictatorships after World War I were -

a) the peace treaty and economic depression
b) new political ideas and economic depression
c) the peace treaty and lack of strong leadership after the war
d) new political ideas and lack of strong leadership after the war

A

a) the peace treaty and economic depression

104
Q

The Nye Committee report created the impression that America’s entry into World War I was influenced by -

a) attacks on American merchant ships
b) militarism in Europe
c) American arms manufacturers
d) the American Communist Party

A

c) American arms manufacturers

105
Q

Claiming part of Czechoslovakia posed a problem for Hitler for all of the following reasons EXCEPT -

a) the Czechs spoke several different languages
b) Czechoslovakia was a democracy
c) the Czechs had a strong military
d) Czechoslovakia was allied with France and the Soviet Union

A

c) the Czechs had a strong military

106
Q
Which choice best completes the diagram - 
Axis Powers - Germany, Italy and 
a) Spain
b) USSR
c) Japan
d) Austria
A

c) Japan

107
Q

The British and French realized that appeasement had failed when Hitler -

a) invaded Czechoslovakia
b) invaded Austria
c) invaded Poland
d) made demands for territory in Poland

A

d) made demands for territory in Poland

108
Q

In presenting his “Four Freedoms,” Roosevelt was trying to -

a) justify America’s neutrality
b) justify his call for speeding up America’s military build-up
c) shift public opinion toward entering the war
d) shift public opinion toward helping Britain

A

d) shift public opinion toward helping Britain

109
Q

Describe fascism and the beliefs of its followers

A

Fascism was a kind of aggressive nationalism. Fascists believed that the nation was more important than the individual. They argued that individualism made countries weak, and that a strong government led by a dictator was needed to impose order on society. Fascists believed a nation became great by expanding its territory and building up its military. Fascism was also strongly anti-Communist.

110
Q

Describe the “Miracle at Dunkirk” and Hitler’s surprising order that helped make it possible.

A

After trapping the British and French forces in Belgium, the Germans began to drive them toward the English Channel. The Germans had captured nearly all of the ports except the one at Dunkirk in northern France. As German forces closed in on Dunkirk, Hitler suddenly ordered them to stop. No one is sure why. Historians know he was nervous about risking his tank forces, and he wanted to wait until more infantry arrived. Perhaps Hitler believed Herman Goering that aircraft alone could destroy the soldiers trapped near Dunkirk. There is also some evidence that Hitler thought the British would be more willing to accept peace if the Germans did not humiliate them by destroying their forces at Dunkirk. In any case, his order provided a three-day delay. In that time, the British sent 850 ships of all sizes, some as small as sailboats operated by civilian volunteers. They were able to save an estimated 338,000 British and French soldiers, a feat referred to as the “Miracle of Dunkirk.”

111
Q

believed by Hitler to be a “master race” destined to rule the world

A

Aryans

112
Q

idea that trade between nations helps to prevent war

A

internationalism

113
Q

living space

A

lebensraum

114
Q

The first area that Hitler “unified” with Germany was -

a) The Sudentenland
b) Czechoslovakia
c) Poland
d) Austria

A

d) Austria

115
Q

In the Battle of Britain -

a) British troops defeated the German ground invasion
b) the British sunk most of the German ships that crossed the English Channel
c) the German air force destroyed the Royal Air Force
d) the Royal Air Force saved Britain from invasion

A

d) the Royal Air Force saved Britain from invasion

116
Q

Describe Adolf Hitler’s beliefs, including his views on different races -

A

In his book, Hitler called for the unification of all Germans under one government. He claimed that certain Germans, particularly blond, blue-eyed Germans, were descendants of a “mater-race” called Aryans. He argued that these Germans needed more lebensraum, or living space, and called for Germany to expand east into Poland and Russia. According to Hitler, the Slavic people of Eastern Europe belonged to an inferior race, which Germans should enslave. He believed that Jews were responsible for many of the world’s problems. In particular, he blamed them for Germany’s defeat in World War I.

117
Q

Although no consensus has been reached for why an event so horrifying as the Holocaust could have occurred, give five factors that most historians think could have contributed.

A
  1. The German people’s sense of injury after World War I
  2. Severe economic problems
  3. Hitler’s grip on the German nation
  4. The lack of a strong tradition of representative government in Germany
  5. German fear of Hitler’s secret police
  6. And a long history of anti-Jewish prejudice and discrimination in Europe