Chapter 23 Flashcards
To regulate the stock market, the Roosevelt Administration created the -
a) Federal Trade Commission
b) Securities and Exchange Commission
c) National Recovery Administration
d) Social Security Administration
b) Securities and Exchange Commission
The National Industrial Recovery Act set up -
a) trusts to promote competition
b) codes of fair competition
c) three work shifts per day
d) laws banning unions
b) codes of fair competition
In the case Schechter v United States, the Supreme Court -
a) struck down the first New Deal
b) struck down the NIRA
c) struck down deficit spending
d) struck down the Glass-Steagall Act
b) struck down the NIRA
Franklin Roosevelt’s “court-packing plan” was a serious mistake because -
a) many Americans opposed the idea of forced retirement
b) the angry judges reacted by striking down much of the New Deal legislation
c) it appeared to interfere with the Constitution’s separation of powers
d) the angry judges struck down the plan as unconstitutional
c) it appeared to interfere with the Constitution’s separation of powers
The Agricultural Adjustment tried to help farmers by -
a) paying them to grow more crops
b) paying them not to grow crops
c) buying farm surpluses
d) making land available for farming
b) paying them not to grow crops
Senator Huey Long wanted the government to -
a) share the wealth of the rich
b) balance the budget
c) pay citizens over 60 a monthly pension
d) stop interfering with business
a) share the wealth of the rich
The Federal Number One program employed -
a) young men ages 18 to 25
b) workers in the construction industry
c) displaced tenant farmers
d) people in the arts
d) people in the arts
Bank runs increased before Roosevelt’s inauguration because some people thought he would abandon -
a) the dollar
b) silver
c) the gold standard
d) mortgages
d) the gold standard
The Glass-Steagall Act separated commercial banking form -
a) the Securities and Exchange Commission
b) the Treasury Department
c) investment banking
d) bank holidays
c) investment banking
What was the period called between March 9 and June 16, 1933, when Congress passed 15 major acts to meet the economic crisis -
a) the First New Deal
b) the New Nationalism
c) the New Freedom
d) the Hundred Days
d) the Hundred Days
The Public Works Administration was created as a federal relief agency to put back to work the unemployed in the -
a) arts and entertainment industry
b) mining industry
c) fishing industry
d) construction industry
d) construction industry
In August 1934, business leaders and anti-New Deal politicians from both parties joined together to create the -
a) “Share Our Wealth” clubs
b) American Liberty League
c) National Union for Social Justice
d) Townshend Plan
b) American Liberty League
FDR established a place for polio sufferers to rehabilitate in this location -
a) Hot Springs, Arkansas
b) Warm Springs, Georgia
c) San Diego, California
d) Albany, New York
b) Warm Springs, Georgia
The National Labor Relations Act is also called the -
a) FERA
b) Wagner Act
c) HOLC
d) Glass-Steagall Act
b) Wagner Act
Franklin Roosevelt’s policies for ending the Depression were contained in 15 bills which became known as the _________
New Deal
To inform and reassure citizens, Franklin Roosevelt addressed them directly by radio in what were called ________
fireside chats
To pay for his new programs, Roosevelt abandoned a balanced budget and began using _____ spending.
deficit
The first _______ strike was against General Motors.
sit-down
CCC is an acronym for ________
Civilian Conservation Corps
AAA is an acronym for _________
Agricultural Adjustment Act
TVA is an acronym for ______
Tennessee Valley Authority
Those who agreed to abide by NIRA codes were allowed to display this symbol -
Blue eagle
FDR called his group of advisors his _______
brain trusts
Government relief payments were called _____
dole
Head of the United Mine Workers who helped to found the CIO
John L. Lewis
was an economist who believed in deficit spending; British economist who argued that the government should spend heavily during a recession
John Maynard Keynes
proposed a monthly government pension for citizens over age 60 to be entirely spent each month
Francis Townsend
head of the Federal Emergency Relief Administration and one of the most influential people in Roosevelt’s administration; head of the Works Progress Administration
Harry Hopkins
was the first female cabinet member; first woman to hold a cabinet post as Secretary of Labor
Frances Perkins
called for heavy taxes on the wealthy
Father Coughlin
Roosevelt’s plan to stabilize the economy included what are called the “three Rs.” Explain what word each of the Rs represents. Give an example of one program begun under each of the Rs and explain what it did.
Relief: Set up the FERA. This channeled half a billion dollars to state and local agencies for relief funds.
Recovery: set up the TVA. This allowed the building of hydroelectric plants and dams. The act improved seven southern states and brought industry to the South.
Reform: set up the Securities Act and the Glass-Steagall Act. Under the Securities Act, banks that sold stocks and bonds had to provide truthful information to investors and under the Glass-Steagall Act banks were no longer allowed to risk depositor’s money to speculate on the stock market.
T/F: Abandoning the gold standard would increase the value of the dollar.
False
T/F: The Agricultural Adjustment Administration paid cotton farmers to plow under much of their crop.
True
T/F: When people lost their jobs and could no longer pay their mortgages, the Home Owners’ Loan Corporation lengthened the term of their loans rather than foreclose on their property.
False
T/F: The left-wing critics of Roosevelt felt had had imposed too many regulations on business.
False
To fight the Depression, Roosevelt believed the first thing to do was to -
a) provide direct relief to people
b) set up public works programs
c) restore confidence in the banks
d) provide relief for farmers
c) restore confidence in the banks
The Committee for Industrial Organization set out to organize -
a) all workers in Michigan
b) all workers in GM’s Flint, Michigan, plant
c) all unskilled workers in the automobile industry
d) all skilled and unskilled workers in the automobile industry
d) all skilled and unskilled workers in the automobile industry
Franklin Roosevelt was born in 1882 to a wealthy family from -
a) Philadelphia
b) Denver
c) New York
d) Boston
c) New York
Bank runs increased before Roosevelt’s inauguration because some people thought he would abandon the gold standard and reduce the value of -
a) the dollar
b) silver
c) farm crops
d) mortgages
a) the dollar
Perhaps no group of Americans had been as badly hurt by the Depression as had the nation’s -
a) farmers
b) miners
c) factory workers
d) wealthy
a) farmers
A process whereby dissatisfied union members could take their complaints to a neutral party who would listen to both sides and decide the issue is called -
a) sit-down strikes
b) labor relations
c) union activism
d) binding arbitration
d) binding arbitration
What did the series of programs and reforms that Roosevelt launched in 1935 come to be called -
a) the Second New Deal
b) the Committee for Industrial Organization
c) the American Liberty League
d) the Townshend Plan
a) the Second New Deal
Perhaps the most serious threat to President Roosevelt from the left came from Democratic senator -
a) Huey Long
b) Francis Townshend
c) Charles Coughlin
d) Harry Hopkins
a) Huey Long
According to Keynesian economics, Roosevelt had done exactly the wrong thing in 1937 when he -
a) cut back programs
b) approved more government spending
c) increased the scope of programs
d) encouraged new businesses
a) cut back programs
The Fair Labor Standards Act of 1935 provided more protection for workers, the abolition of child labor, and -
a) the right to join a union
b) a 40-hour workweek
c) a labor relations mediator
d) a fair-hiring provision
b) a 40-hour workweek
After he served as assistant secretary of the navy, Franklin Roosevelt caught the paralyzing disease ______, which left him with little use of his legs.
polio
The period of time in 1933 when the newly elected Franklin Roosevelt sent bill after bill to Congress came to be called the _________
Hundred Days
When General Motors demoted two union men, the workers staged the first _____ strike, in which they stopped working but refused to leave the factory.
sit-down
In a famous speech, Roosevelt told the American people that he believed that the only thing they had to fear was __________.
fear itself
closing banks before bank runs could put them out of business
bank holidays
Roosevelt succeeded this New York governor when the governor ran for president
Alfred E Smith
a monetary standard in which one ounce of gold equaled a set number of dollars
gold standard
a paralyzing disease
polio
Roosevelt’s policies during the Great Depression
New Deal
While recovering from polio, who did Roosevelt depend on to keep his name prominent in the New York Democratic Party -
a) his cousin Theodore
b) his wife Eleanor
c) Albert E. Smith
d) Woodrow Wilson
b) his wife Eleanor
While in the New York State Senate, Roosevelt won a reputation as a -
a) party boss
b) progressive reformer
c) Republican
d) conservative
b) progressive reformer
What position, appointed by Woodrow Wilson, did Roosevelt hold through World War I -
a) attorney general
b) secretary of agriculture
c) ambassador to Mexico
d) assistant secretary of the navy
d) assistant secretary of the navy
provides government insurance for bank deposits up to a certain amount
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
channeled money to state and local agencies to fund their relief projects
Federal Emergency Relief Administration
suspended the antitrust laws
National Industrial Recovery Act
direct talks via radio that FDR held with the American people
fireside chats
most highly praised New Deal work relief program
Civilian Conservation Corps
To regulate the stock market and prevent fraud, Congress created an independent agency called the -
a) Securities Act
b) Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
c) Securities and Exchange Commission
d) Emergency Banking Relief Act
c) Securities and Exchange Commission
a new federal agency created “for work relief and to increase employment by providing useful projects”
Works Progress Administration
government practice of spending borrowed money to pay for programs without regard to a balanced budget
deficit spending
law providing some security for the elderly
Social Security Act
guaranteed workers the right to organize unions without interference from employers and to bargain collectively
National Labor Relations Act
Supreme Court case that struck down the National Industrial Recovery Act
Schechter v. United States
In what became known as the “sick chicken case,” the Court ruled that the Constitution did not allow Congress to delegate its powers to -
a) the executive branch
b) state governments
c) the court system
d) individual politicians
a) the executive branch
head of the Public Works Administration who pushed for more government spending
Harold Ickes
mediating role of the government to work out conflicts among competing interest groups
broker state
Who helped bring about the change in the African American and women’s vote -
a) Frances Perkins
b) First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt
c) Alfred Landon
d) Huey Long
b) First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt
What created the impression that Roosevelt was trying to interfere with the Constitution’s separation of powers and undermine the Court’s independence -
a) cutting federal programs
b) the recession of 1937
c) the court-packing plan
d) the broker state plan
c) the court-packing plan
Two important Supreme Court decisions resulted in the ability of the federal government to mediate between competing groups and increased federal power over -
a) the military
b) international relations
c) the states
d) the economy
d) the economy
hired workers directly, including thousands of women, to build or improve airports, roads, and playgrounds
Civil Works Administration
established a 40-hour workweek for many workers
Fair Labor Standards Act
established to provide some security for unemployed workers
Social Security Act
required companies that sold stocks and bonds to provide complete and truthful information to investors
Securities Act
awarded contracts to construction companies to build highways, dams, schools and other facilities
Public Works Administration
subsidized loans for builders willing to buy blocks of slums and build low-cost housing
National Housing Act
prohibited commercial banks from speculating on the stock market
Glass-Steagall Act
formed to oppose the New Deal
American Liberty League
sponsored the controversial “Federal Number One” program
Works Progress Administration
covered people’s savings in banks against loss
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
As governor of New York, Franklin Roosevelt won popularity by -
a) siding with unions
b) giving frequent radio addresses
c) helping people economically
d) cutting income taxes statewide
c) helping people economically
During the Depression, many state governors declared “bank holidays” to -
a) give bank employees a break
b) prevent bank runs
c) reduce the value of the dollar
d) help the Federal Reserve
b) prevent bank runs
Roosevelt’s advisers who supported “New Nationalism” wanted government -
a) to work with business
b) to run key parts of the economy
c) to break up big companies
d) to set up welfare programs
a) to work with business
One main purpose of the Townsend plan was to -
a) free up jobs for the unemployed
b) redistribute wealth
c) nationalize the banking system
d) end public works programs
a) free up jobs for the unemployed
Framers of the Social Security Act saw it primarily as -
a) an insurance bill
b) a welfare bill
c) a retirement pension bill
d) a relief bill
a) an insurance bill
Describe Franklin Roosevelt’s personality and approach to the nation’s problems.
Americans saw in Roosevelt an energy and optimism that gave them hope despite the tough economic times. His serenity and confidence amazed many people, and his “fireside chats” helped reassure them. Also, many people believed that his struggle with polio had given him a better understanding of their hardships. Roosevelt’s confidence that he could make things better contrasted sharply with Hoover’s apparent failure to do anything effective. In his campaign for president, Roosevelt revealed the approach he would take as president - “Above all, try something”. He implemented his campaign promise with a flurry of bills to Congress during the first “Hundred Days.” Unlike the public impression of Hoover, Roosevelt was “doing something.”
Social Security Funding comes from where?
Groups receiving benefit are ?
Source of funding: workers’ pay
Groups receiving benefits: 1. people with disabilities and poor families with young dependent children
2. retirees - or the elderly
3. unemployed workers looking for new jobs
Social Security - how it initially worked
The framers of the Social Security Act viewed it primarily as an insurance bill, with workers earing the right to receive benefits by paying premiums. The law provided modest welfare payments to other needy people, including those with disabilities and poor families with young dependent children. The core of Social Security was the monthly retirement benefit, which people could collect when they stopped working at age 65. The plan also included unemployment insurance, providing temporary income to unemployed workers looking for new jobs. Social Security initially left out many of the neediest members of society - farm and domestic workers, many of whom were African American workers.
started the United Steelworkers of America
Committee for Industrial Organization
offered unemployed young men work planting trees, fighting forest fires, and building reservoirs
Civilian Conservation Corps
set up a process whereby dissatisfied union members could take their complaints to binding arbitration
Wagner Act
urged consumers to buy goods only from companies that displayed its blue eagle symbol
National Recovery Administration
promoted codes of fair competition
National Industrial Recovery Act
Louisiana senator who championed the downtrodden and built a powerful and corrupt political machine
Huey Long
leader of the United Mine Workers
John L. Lewis
treasury secretary who favored balancing the budget
Henry Morgenthau
head of the Federal Emergency Relief Administration and one of the most influential people in Roosevelt’s administration
Harry Hopkins
proposed a monthly government pension for citizens over age 60 to be entirely spent each month
Francis Townsend
Although they disagreed on specifics, Roosevelt’s advisers favored government -
a) promoting competition
b) breaking up trusts
c) laissez faire
d) intervention in the economy
d) intervention in the economy
Roosevelt’s advisers who supported “New Freedom” wanted government -
a) to work together with business
b) to run key parts of the economy
c) to break up big companies
d) to set up welfare programs
c) to break up big companies
The Emergency Banking Relief Act helped solve the banking crisis by -
a) putting all banks under government operation
b) declaring that the gold standard would not be abandoned
c) issuing licenses to banks that federal examiners found to be financially sound
d) closing the banks long enough for the Federal Reserve to replenish their gold reserves
c) issuing licenses to banks that federal examiners found to be financially soud
The Home Owners’ Loan Corporation -
a) provided money to help the unemployed pay their mortgages
b) lowered mortgage rates when people lost their jobs and could no longer pay
c) lengthened the mortgage repayment term and lowered rates for the employed
d) provided low-cost loans to help homeless people buy a home
c) lengthened the mortgage repayment term and lowered rates for the employed
Roosevelt triggered a new economic downturn in 1937 by -
a) increasing government spending
b) decreasing government spending
c) increasing taxes
d) decreasing taxes
b) decreasing government spending
Describe the provisions of the National Labor Relations Act and the work of the board it created.
The act guaranteed workers the right to organize unions without interference from employers and to bargain collectively. The law set up the National Labor Relations Board, which organized factory elections by secret ballot to determine whether workers wanted a union. The NLRB then certified the successful unions. The new law also set up a process whereby dissatisfied union members could take their complaints to binding arbitration, in which a neutral party would listen to both sides and decide the issues. The NLRB was authorized to investigate the actions of employers and could issue “cease and desist” orders against unfair practices.
Discuss the New Deal’s legacy, including its effectiveness in dealing with the Depression and its lasting effects on the role of government.
The New Deal had only limited success in ending the Depression. unemployment remained high, and economic recovery was not complete until after World War II. Even so, the New Deal gave many Americans a stronger sense of security and stability. The New Deal tended to operate so that it balanced competing economic interests. Business leaders, farmers, workers, consumers, homeowners, and others now looked to government to protect their interests. This “broker” role in mediating among competing interests has continued under the administrations of both parties ever since. Also, the New Deal programs created a “safety net” that protected people against economic disaster. After the Roosevelt years, the American people felt that the government had a duty to maintain this safety net, even though it required a larger, more expensive federal government.
