Chapter 25 Flashcards
In the case Korematsu v the United States, The Supreme Court ruled that relocation of Japanese Americans was -
a) constitutional, but the government had to pay them for property losses
b) unconstitutional, and they had to be released at once
c) constitutional because it was based on military urgency
d) unconstitutional because it was based on race
c) constitutional because it was based on military urgency
The ship on which the Japanese surrendered was called the -
a) Missouri
b) Indianapolis
c) Hornet
d) Nimitz
a) Missouri
A key to the American success at Midway was -
a) the use of new sonar and radar technology
b) breaking the Japanese Navy’s secret code
c) the use of long-range B-25 bombers launched from aircraft carriers
d) American submarines
b) breaking the Japanese Navy’s secret code
In 1942 Secretary of War Henry Stimson declared most of the West Coast a military zone and ordered all people of Japanese ancestry to evacuate to -
a) Japan
b) internment camps
c) concentration camps
d) the East Coast
b) internment camps
The Bataan Death march occurred in -
a) the Philippines
b) North Africa
c) Corregidor
d) the Soviet Union
a) the Philippines
The Battle of ____stopped the Japanese threat to Australia.
a) the Coral Sea
b) Leyte Gulf
c) The Java Sea
d) Midway
a) the Coral Sea
The ship which carried the atomic bomb to the Pacific was called the -
a) Missouri
b) Indianapolis
c) Hornet
d) Nimitz
b) Indianapolis
Over a third of all military equipment made during the war was manufactured by the -
a) steel industry
b) ship-building industry
c) automobile industry
d) aircraft industry
c) automobile industry
In the Pacific the United States used this new type of landing craft, nicknamed the “alligator” -
a) amphtrac
b) dynamite
c) DUKW
d) napalm
a) amphtrac
- **Migrant farmworkers became an important part of the Southwest’s agricultural system as a result of -
a) the planting of victory gardens
b) a relaxation of immigration quotas
c) the Bracero Program
d) the Great Migration
c) the Bracero Program
- **The cost-plus system sped up war production by -
a) imposing penalties on companies that did not meet their production quotas
b) providing larger profits for companies that worked fast and produced a lot
c) allowing previously competing companies to work together
d) providing bonuses for superior workmanship in war production
b) providing larger profits for companies that worked fast and produced a lot
Where did American military planners choose to invade in order to stockpile supplies and build up troops for an invasion of Japan -
a) Hiroshima
b) Nagasaki
c) Iwo Jima
d) Okinawa
d) Okinawa
The ship which carried the Doolittle Raiders was called the -
a) Missouri
b) Indianapolis
c) Hornet
d) Nimitz
c) Hornet
The United Nations charter was signed in 1945 in this city -
a) New York
b) San Francisco
c) Washington, DC
d) Los Angeles
b) San Francisco
- **Most Liberty ships were hard to sink because they were-
a) made of steel rather than iron
b) made with thick hulls
c) faster than other ships
d) welded rather than riveted
d) welded rather than riveted
The atomic bomb was delivered to the island of -
a) Okinawa
b) Tarawa
c) Iwo Jima
d) Tinian
d) Tinian
- ***The Pittsburgh Courier argued that African Americans should join the war effort in order to achieve a double victory over Hitler’s racism and racism at home in a campaign called -
a) Double V
b) Tuskegee Airmen
c) Fight for Right
d) Two V
a) Double V
The Battle of ____was the largest naval battle in history-
a) the Coral Sea
b) Leyte Gulf
c) The Java Sea
d) Midway
b) Leyte Gulf
The Battle of ____was the turning point of the war in the Pacific -
a) the Coral Sea
b) Leyte Gulf
c) The Java Sea
d) Midway
d) Midway
*****The 99th Pursuit Squadron, an African American unit of fighter pilots who played an important role during the Battle of Anzio, became known as the ______
Tuskegee Airmen
*****The code name for the Allied invasion of France was ______
operation overlord
****The loss of many ships in the Atlantic convinced the U.S. Navy to set up a ______system, in which navy warships would escort groups of cargo ships.
convoy
*****“Rosie the Riveter” and the illustrations known as the “Four Freedoms” were works of the artist _______.
Rockwell
The five permanent members of the U.N. Security Council are ___, ____,_____, ____ and _____.
United States Britain France Russia Japan
****The moveable ports used in the Normandy invasion were called ________.
mulberries
After the way, many German officers were put on trial in ________, Germany.
Nuremberg
*****The German code machine was called _____
enigma
The American program to build an atomic bomb was code-named the ________
Manhattan Project
*****By putting the Germans on the defensive, the Soviet forces created a turning point in the war in Europe at the Battle of _______.
Stalingrad
The first atomic bomb, called ______ was dropped on the Japanese city of Hiroshima. The plane that dropped the bomb was called _______, and was piloted by _______.
“little boy”
Enola Gay
Tibbits
**The five beaches invaded at Normandy were ____,_____,______, ______ and ______.
Omaha Utah Juno Gold Sword
along with Szilard, built the first nuclear reactor at the University of Chicago
Enrico Fermi
***was the highest ranking African American in the U.S. military
Benjamin Davis
**was head of the French Resistance who later became President of France
Charles de Gaulle
commanded the American forces in Africa and Europe
Omar Bradley
**commanded the British forces in Africa and Europe
Bernard Montgomery
**led the U.S. Third Army in the Battle of the Bulge
George Patton
upon evacuating the Philippines, said “I shall return”
Douglas MacArthur
was executed for war crimes
Tojo Hideki
commander of the United States Navy in the Pacific
Chester Nimitz
director of the WAC
Oveta Hobby
led the American team of engineers and scientists building the atomic bomb
Robert Oppenheimer
*****was Supreme Allied Commander on D-day
Dwight Eisenhower
**government agreed to pay a company whatever it cost to make a product plus a guaranteed percentage of the costs as profit
cost-plus contracts
**an African American unit, the 99th Pursuit Squadron, that played an important role during the Battle of Anzio
Tuskegee Airmen
nickname for American soldiers because their clothing was labeled “Government Issue”
GIs
first regular army corps for women
Women’s Army Corps
**basic cargo ship used during the war
Liberty ship
The automobile industry was uniquely suited to the mass production of -
a) “government Issue” clothing
b) ships
c) military equipment
d) buildings to house soldiers
c) military equipment
After France surrendered to Germany in June 1940, two members of Congress introduced the -
a) War Production Board
b) Women’s Army Auxiliary Corps
c) Reconstruction Finance Corporation
d) Selective Service and Training Act
d) Selective Service and Training Act
During World War II, the Army enlisted women for the first time, although they were barred from -
a) combat
b) basic training
c) the barracks
d) clerical positions
a) combat
What did Roosevelt establish in 1943 to settle arguments between different agencies concerning production of goods for the war -
a) War Production Board
b) Selective Service
c) Reconstruction Finance Corporation
d) Office of War Mobilization
d) Office of War Mobilization
*****cargo ships traveled in groups and were escorted by navy warships
convoy system
**turning point in the war that put the Germans on the offensive
Battle of Stalingrad
edges
periphery
turning point in the war that stopped the Japanese advance in the Pacific
Battle of Midway
when 78,000 prisoners of war were forced to march 65 miles to a Japanese prison camp
Bataan Death march
On April 18, 1942, American bombs fell on Japan for the first time when the carriers’ usual short-ranged bombers were replaced with -
a) paratroopers
b) code breakers
c) radar
d) B-25 bombers
d) B-25 bombers
If British and American troops opened a second front by attacking Germany from the west, it would take pressure off the -
a) Pacific war
b) Soviet Union
c) Italians
d) French
b) Soviet Union
- **On November 8, 1942, the American invasion of North Africa began under the command of General -
a) Dwight D Eisenhower
b) George Patton
c) Douglas MacArthur
d) Ernest King
a) Dwight D Eisenhower
In June 1942, decoded Japanese messages alerted the United States to the Japanese attack on -
a) Hawaii
b) Midway
c) New Guinea
d) Manchuria
b) Midway
The Battle of the Atlantic slowly turned in favor of the Allies, in part due to new technology, including depth charges, sonar, and -
a) B-25 bombers
b) mass production
c) convoy systems
d) radar
d) radar
first civil rights agency established by the federal government since the Reconstruction era
Fair Employment Practices Commission
**gardens planted to produce more food for the war effort
victory gardens
tried to help Japanese Americans who had lost property during the relocation
Japanese American Citizens League
created to stabilize both wages and prices
Office of Price Administration
**symbol of the campaign to hire women during the wartime labor shortage
“Rosie the Riveter”
In order to save fabric for the war, most men wore a -
a) sport coat
b) shirt with no jacket
c) “victory suit”
d) “zoot suit”
c) victory suit
The Office of Price Administration began rationing, or limiting the availability of, many consumer products to make sure enough were available for -
a) military use
b) the elderly
c) children
d) schools
a) military use
- ***To help farmers in the Southwest overcome the labor shortage, the government introduced the -
a) Migrant Worker Program
b) Relocation Program
c) Rosie the Riveter Program
d) Bracero Program
d) Bracero Program
In 1942, Secretary of War Henry Stimson declared most of the West Coast a military zone and ordered all people of Japanese ancestry to evacuate to -
a) Japan
b) internment camps
c) concentration camps
d) the East Coast
b) internment camps
-
**Taken together, the growth of southern California and the expansion of cities in the Deep South created a new industrial region -
a) the Sunbelt
b) the Southwest Corridor
c) the Southbelt
d) Sun City
a) the Sunbelt
an amphibious tractor invented in the late 1930s to rescue people in Florida swamps
amphtrac
when Japanese pilots would deliberately crash their planes into American ships, killing themselves but also inflicting severe damage
kamikaze attacks
an amphibious truck
DUKW
code name for the invasion of France
Operation Overlord
the day of the invasion of France
D-Day
It took the Allies five months to break through the German lines at Cassino and - a) Pas-de-Calais b) Anzio c) Salerno D) Guadalcanal
b) Anzio
One part of the American plan for the defeat of Japan called for General MacArthur’s troops to advance through the Solomon Islands, capture the north coast of New Guinea, and then retake -
a) the Philippines
b) Manchuria
c) Indonesia
d) Australia
a) the Philippines
The bombing campaign between January 1943 and May 1945 did not destroy Germany’s economy or undermine German morale, but it did destroy many aircraft factories, wrecked the railroad system and caused a severe -
a) water shortage
b) ecological crisis
c) oil shortage
d) political scandal
c) oil shortage
- ***On June 6, 1944, nearly 7,000 ships carrying more than 100,000 soldiers set sail for the cost of -
a) Northern Africa
b) the Philippines
c) Japan
d) Normandy
d) Normandy
General MacArthur’s campaign in the southwest Pacific began with the invasion of -
a) Australia
b) Vietnam
c) Guadalcanal
d) Normandy
c) Guadalcanal
***code-name for the American program to build an atomic bomb
Manhattan Project
where the International Military Tribunal tried German leaders suspected of committing war crimes
Nuremburg
**dirt walls, several feet thick, that were covered in shrubbery and surrounded many fields in Normandy
hedgerows
**the day after the unconditional surrender by Germany on May 7, 1945
V-E Day
code-name for the atomic bomb dropped on Hiroshima
“Little Boy”
In 1944, at the Dumbarton Oaks Estate in Washington, D.C., delegates from 39 countries met to discuss a new international organization, which was to be called the -
a) League of Nations
b) United Nations
c) Allies
d) International Military Tribunal
b) United Nations
The German’s goal for the Battle of the Bulge was to cut off Allied supplies coming through the port of -
a) Antwerp, Belgium
b) Odense, Denmark
c) Helsinki, Finland
d) Nice, France
a) Antwerp, Belgium
Where did American military planners choose to invade in order to stockpile supplies and build up troops for an invasion of Japan -
a) Hiroshima
b) Nagasaki
c) Iwo Jima
d) Okinawa
d) Okinawa
Faced with the massive destruction caused by atomic bombs and the shock of the Soviets joining the war, the Japanese emperor ordered his government to surrender on August 15, 1945 -
a) Armistice Day
b) V-E Day
c) V-J Day
d) Veterans Day
c) V-J Day
Where did American military planners decide to invade so B-29s could be refueled -
a) Iwo Jima
b) Okinawa
c) Tokyo
d) the Mariana Islands
a) Iwo Jima
**in overall command of the invasion of France
Dwight D Eisenhower
“I felt like the moon, the stars, and all the planets had fallen on me”
Harry S Truman
commander of the United States Navy in the Pacific
Chester Nimitz
head of the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters who pressured Roosevelt to provide jobs for African Americans in defense factories
A Philip Randolph
led the American team of engineers and scientists building the atomic bomb
Robert Oppenheimer
**highest-ranking African American officer in the U.S. Army
Benjamin O. Davis
signed a letter to Roosevelt, warning that powerful bombs may be constructed using uranium
Albert Einstein
director of the WAC
Oveta Culp Hobby
upon evacuating the Philippines, said “I shall return”
Douglas MacArthur
**led the troops that rescued the Americans trapped at Bastogne
George Patton
- ***The cost-plus system sped up war production by -
a) imposing penalties on companies that did not meet their production quotas
b) providing larger profits for companies that worked fast and produced a lot
c) allowing previously competing companies to work together
d) providing bonuses for superior workmanship in war production
b) providing larger profits for companies that worked fast and produced a lot
During World War II, women were recruited into the military to -
a) serve in light combat
b) serve as cooks and nurses
c) release men for combat
d) entertain the troops
c) release men for combat
Japan’s goal in attacking Midway Island was to -
a) gain a base from which to attack Hawaii
b) cut American supply lines to Australia
c) destroy the American fleet
d) gain control of resources on Midway
c) destroy the American fleet
Roosevelt created the Fair Employment Practices Commission to -
a) mediate disputes between labor and management to avoid strikes
b) enforce nondiscrimination in hiring workers in defense industries
c) control wages and prices
d) recruit women and minorities to work in defense factories
b) enforce nondiscrimination in hiring workers in defense industries
As a result of a presidential order allowing the military to declare any part of the United States to be a military zone -
a) many areas of the West became off-limits to civilians
b) many Japanese Americans were moved to internment camps
c) much of the Nevada desert became a weapons testing ground
d) many military installations sprang up along the West Coast
b) many Japanese Americans were moved to internment camps
Blue points and red points were a system for -
a) rewarding American civilians
b) rationing goods
c) prioritizing targets for attack
d) mapping opposing forces
b) rationing goods
The Allies placed inflated rubber tanks, empty tents, and dummy landing craft along the coast of Britain to convince the Germans that -
a) the Allies had more troops than they really had
b) an invasion of Britain would be futile
c) the Allies planned to invade the coast of German rather than France
d) the Allies planned to land their invasion forces in Pas-de-Calais
d)the Allies planned to land their invasion forces in Pas-de-Calais
Iwo Jima was an important objective for the American military because -
a) the Japanese were using it as a base to attack the U.S. fleet
b) the main Japanese naval force was stationed there
c) U.S. planes could bomb Japan from there
d) the islands were an important link in the Japanese supply lines
c) U.S. planes could bomb Japan from there
The U.S. caused massive fires in Tokyo by dropping bombs filled with -
a) amphtrac
b) dynamite
c) DUKW
d) napalm
d) napalm
first time the Japanese used kamikaze attacks
Leyte Gulf
**beginning of Operation Overlord
D-Day
***first time American troops had to fight the German army in North Africa
Kasserine Pass
**name for French beach stormed by American invasion forces
Omaha
Japanese American military unit
442nd Regimental Combat Team
limit availability of consumer products
ration
bomber that dropped the first atomic bomb
Enola Gay
first peacetime draft in American history
Selective Service and Training Act
***African American military unit
Tuskegee Airmen
used to raise money for the war
E bonds
Over a third of all military equipment made during the war was manufactured by the -
a) steel industry
b) ship-building industry
c) automobile industry
d) aircraft industry
c) automobile industry
- ***The “Double V” campaign meant -
a) victory in Europe and victory in the Pacific
b) victory over Hitler’s racism abroad and victory over racism at home
c) victory over the Nazis and victory over the Fascists
d) victory on land and victory on the seas
b) victory over Hitler’s racism abroad and victory over racism at home
The Bataan Death March occurred in -
a) the Philippines
b) North Africa
c) Corregidor
d) the Soviet Union
a) the Philippines
A key to the American success at Midway was -
a) the use of new sonar and radar technology
b) breaking the Japanese Navy’s secret code
c) the use of long-range B-25 bombers launched from aircraft carriers
d) American submarines
b) breaking the Japanese Navy’s secret code
The capture of Stalingrad was key to the success of Hitler’s strategy to -
a) destroy the Soviet army
b) destroy Soviet morale
c) draw China into the war
d) destroy the Soviet economy
d) destroy the Soviet economy
- **Migrant farmworkers became an important part of the Southwest’s agricultural system as a result of -
a) the planting of victory gardens
b) a relaxation of immigration quotas
c) the Bracero Program
d) the Great migration
c) the Bracero Program
As a result of the Allied attack on Sicily -
a) the Italian king arrested Mussolini
b) Hitler removed Mussolini from power
c) Mussolini surrendered Italy
d) Mussolini took his own life
a) the Italian king arrested Mussolini
The U.S. Marines had severe casualties at Tarawa in part because -
a) they had not air support
b) the shallow reef prevented many landing craft from reaching shore
c) the Japanese held the high ground of Mount Suribachi
d) the Japanese used kamikaze fighters against them
b) the shallow reef prevented many landing craft from reaching shore
*****Which of the following choices best completes the diagram - V-J Day > Japan ???? > Germany a)D-Day b) V-G Day c) Double V Day d) V-E Day
d) V-E Day
