Chapter 21 Flashcards
1
Q
*Wisconsin senator who ran against the Democratic and Republican nominees for president in 1924
A
Robert M. La Follette
2
Q
friends of President Harding
A
Ohio Gang
3
Q
President Harding’s campaign slogan
A
return to normalcy
4
Q
freedom from prosecution
A
immunity
5
Q
dean of the Columbia Law School chosen as attorney general by President Coolidge
A
Harlan Fiske Stone
6
Q
- Although many of President Harding’s appointments were disastrous, he did appoint several distinguished cabinet members including the secretary of commerce -
a) Andrew Mellon
b) Herbert Hoover
c) Harry Daugherty
d) John W. Davis
A
b) Herbert Hoover
7
Q
President Coolidge’s philosophy of government was that government should interfere with business and industry as little as possible and that prosperity rested on the shoulders of -
a) business leadership
b) educational institutions
c) a strong military
d) church leaders
A
a) business leadership
8
Q
President Harding fit in comfortably with the powerful Ohio Republican -
a) House of Representatives
b) reform issues
c) political machine
d) progressive ideas
A
c) political machine
9
Q
President Coolidge’s simple and frugal manner contrasted not only with Harding but also with the spirit of the time - the booming, materialistic era of the -
a) Progressive Party
b) Roaring Twenties
c) Ohio Gang
d) Fourteen Points
A
b) roaring twenties
10
Q
President Harding’s secretary of the interior, Albert B. Fall, secretly allowed private interests to lease lands containing U.S. Navy oil reserves, causing a scandal that came to be known as the -
a) Teapot Dome scandal
b) Forbes scandal
c) Fall scandal
d) Daugherty scandal
A
a) Teapot Dome scandal
11
Q
set requirements that workers employed by Henry Ford had to meet
A
Sociological Department
12
Q
authorized postal officials to contract with private airplane operators to carry mail
A
Kelly Act
13
Q
established a permanent network of radio stations to distribute daily programs
A
National Broadcasting Company
14
Q
raised tariffs in an effort to protect American industry from foreign competition
A
Fordney-McCumber Act
15
Q
large-scale product manufacturing usually by machinery
A
mass production
16
Q
What system of manufacturing adopted by Henry Ford divided operations into simple tasks that unskilled workers could do and cut unnecessary motion to a minimum -
a) assembly line
b) mass production
c) Flivver
d) apprentice system
A
a) assembly line
17
Q
- To create consumers for their new products, manufacturers turned to -
a) television
b) mass production
c) advertising
d) newspaper and magazine articles
A
c) advertising
18
Q
Henry Ford almost single-handedly changed the auto from a toy of the wealthy to an affordable necessity for the -
a) delivery industry
b) middle class
c) farmers
d) city dwellers
A
b) middle class
19
Q
In 1926 the aviation industry received federal aid for building airports with the passage of the -
a) Air Commerce Act
b) Lindbergh Air Act
c) Airmail Act
d) Kelly Act
A
a) Air Commerce Act
20
Q
The consumer goods industry created many new products for -
a) factories
b) the airline industry
c) businesses
d) the home
A
d) the home
21
Q
when the United States invited representatives from eight countries to discuss disarmament
A
Washington Conference
22
Q
*outlawed war
A
Kellogg-Briand Pact
23
Q
a national policy of avoiding involvement in world affairs
A
isolationism
24
Q
guaranteed China’s independence
A
Nine-Power Treaty
25
a pause
moratorium
26
The General Accounting Office was set up in 1921 to -
a) prepare a federal budget
b) track government spending
c) regulate radio frequencies
d) regulate Prohibition
b) track government spending
27
The Four-Power Treaty between the United States, Japan, France and Britain recognized each country's island possessions in the -
a) Northern Hemisphere
b) Caribbean Sea
c) Atlantic
d) Pacific
d) Pacific
28
The chief architect of economic policy in the United States during the 1920s was -
a) Andrew Mellon
b) President Harding
c) Herbert Hoover
d) Charles Evan Hughes
a) Andrew Mellon
29
What crippled the German economy -
a) isolationists
b) moratoriums
c) reparation payments
d) supply-side economists
c) reparation payments
30
Herbert Hoover sought to provide economic stability in various industries by trying to balance government regulation with his own philosophy of -
a) welfare capitalism
b) cooperative individualism
c) supply-side economics
d) open shops
b) cooperative individualism
31
profit sharing, medical care benefits and pensions
welfare capitalism
32
form trade associations and share information with the federal government
cooperative individualism
33
recognized each country's island possessions in the Pacific
Four-Power Treaty
34
payments Germany was required to make as punishment for starting the war
reparations
35
Henry Ford's Model T Car
"Tin Lizzie"
36
pause in doing something, such as constructing new warships
moratorium
37
attempted to outlaw war
Kellogg-Briand Pact
38
made possible by affordable cars
commuters
39
growth through lower taxes
supply-side economics
40
enormously increased manufacturing efficiency
assembly line
41
Warren G. Harding won the presidency by appealing to Americans' desire to -
a) reform society
b) become a world power
c) return to normal life after the war
d) repeal Prohibition
c) return to normal life after the war
42
* Calvin Coolidge became president when -
a) he defeated Warren G Harding
b) he defeated Robert La Follette
c) Warren G Harding was assassinated
d) Warren G Harding died in office
d) Warren G Harding died in office
43
* Attorney General Harry Daugherty resigned in disgrace after being investigated for taking bribed in exchange for allowing -
a) a private company to drill for oil on public lands
b) someone to acquire a valuable German-owned company seized during the war
c) immunity to wealthy businessmen accused of insider trading
d) two powerful corporations to merge
b) someone to acquire a valuable German-owned company seized during the war
44
* Coolidge believed that government should -
a) regulate business
b) not interfere with business
c) break up trusts
d) become involved in social reform
b) not interfere with business
45
* Ford's system for making cars increased efficiency by -
a) reducing the number of car parts
b) dividing the job into simple tasks
c) training workers to do every task
d) assigning a team to each car
b) dividing the job into simple tasks
46
* The purpose of Henry Ford's Sociological Department was to -
a) set requirements workers had to meet
b) improve employee relations
c) negotiate with the union
d) provide a channel for communication
a) set requirements workers had to meet
47
Commercial radio began its rise in November 1920, with the news that -
a) World War I was over
b) an American had flown over the Atlantic
c) Coolidge had won the election
d) Harding had won the election
d) Harding had won the election
48
in the 1920, young people began to look for careers as -
a) entrepreneurs
b) stockholders
c) business owners
d) managers in a corporate bureaucracy
d) managers in a corporate bureaucracy
49
* Some members of Congress tried to help farmers by proposing the McNary-Haugen Bill, which called for the government to -
a) place tariffs on foreign agricultural products to protect American farmers from foreign competition
b) set higher prices for agricultural products sold in the United States
c) buy American crop surpluses and use them to feed the military
d) buy American crop surpluses and sell them abroad
d) buy American crop surpluses and sell them abroad
50
* Unions declined during the 1920s in part because many corporations instituted -
a) cooperative individualism
b) supply-side economics
c) Sociological Departments
d) welfare capitalism
d) welfare capitalism
51
Describe the factors that prevented farmers from sharing in the prosperity of the 1920s
Technology advances allowed farmers to produce more crops but the demand for more crops had not increased. This caused prices to be low. Farmers were paying more for the new technology but getting a low price return. During the war, farmers were encouraged to produce more to meet the need for food supplies in Europe, but after the war Europe was producing more crops on their own and had little money to spend on American farm products. Then Congress passed a tariff law in 1922 that made foreign countries not want to buy American agricultural products. Prices went further down for the farmers because more was available for sell than the demand in the US.
52
Why did supporters of supply-side economics believe that lower tax rates would actually result in more tax money collected.
Supporters of supply-side economics believed that high taxes reduced the money available for private investment and prevented business expansion. They believed that if taxes were lower, businesses and consumers would spend and invest their extra money, causing the economy to grow. As the economy grew, Americans would earn more money and the government would actually collect more taxes at a lower rate than it would if it kept tax rates high.
53
Put these events in the proper sequence -
a) lower car prices for consumers
b) less time required to build cars
c) adoption of the assembly line at Ford
d) lower production costs
First - c) adoption of the assembly line at Ford
Second - b) less time required to build cars
Third - d) lower production costs
Fourth - a) lower car prices for consumers
54
installed the first moving assembly line in 1914
Henry Ford
55
*first cabinet officer in history to go to prison
Albert B. Fall
56
*presidential nominee of the Progressive Party in 1924
Robert La Follette
57
made first solo transatlantic flight
Charles Lindbergh
58
sold medical supplies from veterans' hospitals
Charles R. Forbes
59
"Four-fifths of all our troubles in this life would disappear if we would only sit down and keep still."
Calvin Coolidge
60
* The Ohio Gang was
a) a powerful crime syndicate
b) a group of notorious bank robbers
c) a group of Coolidge's friends
d) a group of Harding's friends
d) a group of Harding's friends
61
* In the Teapot Dome scandal, a government official received bribes for -
a) allowing private interests to lease lands containing U.S. Navy oil reserves
b) allowing private interests to drill for oil in a national park
c) allowing lumber companies to cut trees in national forests
d) promising immunity for businessmen who overcharged the U.S. Navy
a) allowing private interests to lease lands containing U.S. Navy oil reserves
62
Calvin Coolidge grew up -
a) on a Midwestern farm
b) on a Vermont Farm
c) in a wealthy section of Boston
d) on a ranch in Wyoming
b) on a Vermont Farm
63
* An innovation instituted by International Harvester in 1926 was -
a) a 5-day workweek
b) mass production
c) an annual 2-week paid vacation
d) an 8-hour workday
c) an annual 2-week paid vacation
64
* Henry Ford's business philosophy was to increase sales by -
a) providing consumers with a variety of styles and colors
b) advertising
c) lowering the cost per car
d) constantly improving his cars' mechanical reliability
c) lowering the cost per car
65
Aviation did not experience the same post-war boom as the automobile industry because -
a) Americans did not recognize the airplane's potential
b) Americans still thought of planes as dangerous novelties
c) planes could not yet fly far enough to be commercially useful
d) planes could not yet carry enough passengers to be commercially useful
b) Americans still thought of planes as dangerous novelties
66
* An unintended affect of the Fordney-McCumber act was-
a) an increase in prices of foreign goods for American consumers
b) a decrease in prices of foreign goods for American consumers
c) a reaction in foreign markets against American agricultural products
d) an increase in demand in foreign markets for American agricultural products
c) a reaction in foreign markets against American agricultural products
67
Secretary of Commerce Herbert Hoover believed that waste could be reduced and costs lowered in trade associations would -
a) voluntarily share information with one another
b) voluntarily share information with the Bureau of Standards
c) collaborate to set reasonable wage rates for workers in similar jobs
d) collaborate to set reasonable prices for similar products
b) voluntarily share information with the Bureau of Standards
68
* After World War I, most Americans wanted to avoid future wars by -
a) joining the League of Nations
b) excluding Germany from the League of Nations
c) avoiding involvement in European affairs
d) forbidding Germany to rebuild its armed forces
c) avoiding involvement in European affairs
69
* The result of the Dawes Plan was -
a) Europe's deeper descent into debt
b) Europe's gradual economic recovery
c) lower prices for European products sold in the US
d) higher prices for European products sold in the US
a) Europe's deeper descent into debt
70
*radio, movies, newspapers and magazines aimed at a broad, popular audience are all examples of _______
mass media
71
*In a speech, Calvin Coolidge said, "The chief business of the American people is _______."
business
72
*The "Flivver" was one affectionate name for Ford's _______ car.
Model T
73
*Many consumers in the 1920s began to feel confident that they could buy now and pay later, so many bought everything from radios to cars on the __________ plan.
installment
74
*Technological advances enabled farmers to produce more in the 1920s, but higher yields without a corresponding increase in _____ meant farmers received lower prices.
demand
75
*A workplace where employees were not required to join a union was called a(n) ________.
open shop
76
*Supporters of _______________ wanted the United States to stay out of entanglements with Europe.
isolationism
77
*Stylish, unconventional American women of the 1920s who dressed in attire considered too revealing by previous generations were called ______
flappers
78
*Warren G Harding ran for president on the campaign slogan to return to ___________
normalcy
79
* A person granted ______ would be free from prosecution
immunity
80
*American ______ did not share in the prosperity of the 1920s, earning less than one-third of the average income for workers in the rest of the economy.
farmers
81
*Charles Lindberg was given the nickname _______ after his solo flight across the Atlantic.
"Lone Eagle"
82
*The first radio network established in American was _____
NBC - National Broadcast System
