Chapter 27

Question 1

What is the central region of chromosomes?

Answer 1

Centromere

Question 2

Ends of human chromosome containing long series of repeating groups of nucleotides to protect from accidental damage

Answer 2

Telomeres

Question 3

How many protein coding genes are there in humans?

Answer 3

19,000 (1.5%)

Question 4

A rare DNA variant where there is an error in base sequence that is carried along in DNA replication and passed to offspring

Answer 4

Mutation

Question 5

What is the goal of PCR?

Answer 5

To produce as many copies of a specific segment of DNA

Question 6

Which step is this in PCR?

Heat DNA sample to cause double helix to unravel into single strands

Answer 6

First step

Question 7

Which step is this of PCR?
Addition of primers complementary to DNA flanking single stranded DNA sequences to be amplified

Answer 7

Second step

Question 8

Which step is this of PCR?

Extension of primers by DNA polymerase to create double stranded DNA identical to the original

Answer 8

Third step

Question 9

DNA that contains 2 or more DNA segments not found together in nature

Answer 9

Recombinant DNA

Question 10

What portion of the human genome is composed of repeat sequences?

Answer 10

50%

Question 11

How many genes are shared between bacteria and humans?

Answer 11

200

Question 12

Can a single gene only make a single protein or more?

Answer 12

May produce several proteins

Question 13

Constriction of shape of a chromosome during cell division is done by ____

Answer 13

Centromere

Question 14

Why is a mutation in RNA less serious than in DNA?

Answer 14

In RNA it only affects one molecule but in DNA it can be copied to all other copies of DNA during replication

Question 15

What does SNP stand for?

Answer 15

Single nucleotide polymorphism (replacement of one nucleotide by another at same location in DNA strand)

Question 16

What can SNP’s affect?

Answer 16

Sickle cell anemia, hair/eye color, cancers, seizures, etc

Question 17

Bacteria are excellent hosts for recombinant DNA because they have ______. These things can replicate rapidly and there are serveral copies of each within the DNA

Answer 17

Plasmids

Question 18

How can DNA fragments be separated by size?

Answer 18

Electrophoresis

Question 19

Does Cas9 cut DNA?

Answer 19

Yes

Question 20

______ shuts off targeted genes by binding to DNA and cutting it

Answer 20

Cas9

Question 21

How does Cas9 bind to specific DNA sequence?

Answer 21

Finds complementary sequence in RNA and if it matches it will bind

Question 22

A mutation where a STOP codon is put in is called a _____ mutation

Answer 22

Nonsense

Question 23

A mutation where a new codon codes for a different amino acid is a ____ mutation

Answer 23

Missense

Question 24

A mutation where a new codon codes for the same amino acid is called a _____ mutation

Answer 24

Silent