Chapter 26 Flashcards
What is DNA’s only function?
Storing genetic information
What is the basic structure of all nucleotides?
5 membered cyclic monosaccharide
nitrogen base
phosphate group
What is the difference in sugars of DNA vs RNA?
DNA: deoxyribose sugar
RNA: ribose sugar
T or F
Cytosine does dipole dipole interactions to connect to guanine
False, they hydrogen bond
What are the purines?
Adenosine and guanine
What are the pyrimidines?
Cytosine, thymine, uracil
What’s the difference between nucleosides and nucleotides?
Nucleosides only have a sugar+ base but no phosphate group
Nucleotides are connected between the ____ group on C3’ of sugar ring of one nucleotide and _____ group on C5’ of next nucleotide
-OH group
Phosphate group
What is Chargaff’s rule?
There will always be equal amounts of the pairings A—T/U and C—G
What is used to replicate DNA?
DNA polymerase
What is used to transcript DNA into RNA
RNA polymerase
Which way does DNA replicate?
From the 5’ to the 3’ end (leading strand)
What direction is that lagging stand replicated from?
From 3’ to 5’
_____ move in to hydrogen bond with bases exposed on the template strand during DNA replication
Triphosphates
What enzyme attaches the Okazaki fragments?
DNA ligase
Process by which information on DNA is read and used to synthesize RNA
Transcription
Process by which RNA directs protein synthesis where genetic messages are brought by RNA are decoded and used to build proteins
Translation
Which type of RNA codes for the amino acid sequence in protein and occurs at ribosomes?
mRNA
Which type of RNA brings amino acids and reads the mRNA to ensure correct protein sequence?
tRNA
Which type of RNA are the sites for protein synthesis?
rRNA
A nucleotide sequence in a gene that codes for part of a protein
Exon
A nucleotide sequence in mRNA that does not code for part of a protein and is removed before mRNA proceeds to protein synthesis
Intron
Initially synthesized mRNA containing both introns and exons
Heterogenous nuclear RNA
What are the three stages of protein synthesis?
Initiation
Elongation
Termination
Adenine
Guanine
Cytosine
Thymine
Uracil
Deoxyribose or Ribose?
Ribose (RNA)
Deoxyribose or Ribose?
Deoxyribose (DNA)
What is the new suffix for nucleoside names for
purines:
pyramidines:
purines: -osine
pyramidines: -idine
The template strand can only be read in the __’ to __’ direction
3’ to 5’
The new DNA strand can only grow in the __’ to __’ direction
5’ to 3’
What stage throughout the DNA process is known to be semiconservative?
DNA replication
What does each new daughter cell receive from the parent cell after replication and mitosis?
one original strand and one new strand
Which strand begins at the origin of replication and is synthesized continuously in direction of replication?
Leading strand
What are discontinuous sequences of DNA synthesized by DNA polymerase and fused together by DNA ligase?
Okazaki fragments
Which enzyme catalyzes DNA partially unwinding as hydrogen bonds between complementary bases are broken
Helicase
What is the smallest RNA molecule and what does it do?
tRNA, transports amino acids
Which RNA molecule is an anticodon?
tRNA
Which RNA molecule is a codon and Carrie’s genetic information from the nucleus to cytoplasm?
mRNA
Which RNA molecule combines with proteins to form ribosomes?
rRNA
Does replication, transcription, or translation require tRNAs?
Translation
Transcription or Translation?
Builds strands of mRNA and occurs in the nucleus
Transcription
Transcription or Translation?
Occurs in ribosomes and produces proteins
Requires tRNA
Translation
What is the difference between genes and chromosomes
Gene= part of chromosome that contains DNA (codes for one protein)
chromosome= huge molecule of DNA
What kind of linkage forms between the sugar and phosphate?
Phoshodietser binds
How many bonds are there between A-T and C-G?
A-T= 2
C-G= 3
What happens to introns during transcription?
spliced from mRNA before protein synthesis
Transcribed RNA is complementary to which strand of DNA?
Template strand
