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Chemistry 1120 > Chapter 26 > Flashcards

Chapter 26 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is DNA’s only function?

A

Storing genetic information

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2
Q

What is the basic structure of all nucleotides?

A

5 membered cyclic monosaccharide
nitrogen base
phosphate group

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3
Q

What is the difference in sugars of DNA vs RNA?

A

DNA: deoxyribose sugar
RNA: ribose sugar

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4
Q

T or F
Cytosine does dipole dipole interactions to connect to guanine

A

False, they hydrogen bond

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5
Q

What are the purines?

A

Adenosine and guanine

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6
Q

What are the pyrimidines?

A

Cytosine, thymine, uracil

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7
Q

What’s the difference between nucleosides and nucleotides?

A

Nucleosides only have a sugar+ base but no phosphate group

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8
Q

Nucleotides are connected between the ____ group on C3’ of sugar ring of one nucleotide and _____ group on C5’ of next nucleotide

A

-OH group
Phosphate group

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9
Q

What is Chargaff’s rule?

A

There will always be equal amounts of the pairings A—T/U and C—G

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10
Q

What is used to replicate DNA?

A

DNA polymerase

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11
Q

What is used to transcript DNA into RNA

A

RNA polymerase

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12
Q

Which way does DNA replicate?

A

From the 5’ to the 3’ end (leading strand)

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13
Q

What direction is that lagging stand replicated from?

A

From 3’ to 5’

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14
Q

_____ move in to hydrogen bond with bases exposed on the template strand during DNA replication

A

Triphosphates

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15
Q

What enzyme attaches the Okazaki fragments?

A

DNA ligase

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16
Q

Process by which information on DNA is read and used to synthesize RNA

A

Transcription

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17
Q

Process by which RNA directs protein synthesis where genetic messages are brought by RNA are decoded and used to build proteins

A

Translation

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18
Q

Which type of RNA codes for the amino acid sequence in protein and occurs at ribosomes?

A

mRNA

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19
Q

Which type of RNA brings amino acids and reads the mRNA to ensure correct protein sequence?

A

tRNA

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20
Q

Which type of RNA are the sites for protein synthesis?

A

rRNA

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21
Q

A nucleotide sequence in a gene that codes for part of a protein

A

Exon

22
Q

A nucleotide sequence in mRNA that does not code for part of a protein and is removed before mRNA proceeds to protein synthesis

A

Intron

23
Q

Initially synthesized mRNA containing both introns and exons

A

Heterogenous nuclear RNA

24
Q

What are the three stages of protein synthesis?

A

Initiation
Elongation
Termination

25
Q
A

Adenine

26
Q
A

Guanine

27
Q
A

Cytosine

28
Q
A

Thymine

29
Q
A

Uracil

30
Q

Deoxyribose or Ribose?

A

Ribose (RNA)

31
Q

Deoxyribose or Ribose?

A

Deoxyribose (DNA)

32
Q

What is the new suffix for nucleoside names for
purines:
pyramidines:

A

purines: -osine
pyramidines: -idine

33
Q

The template strand can only be read in the __’ to __’ direction

A

3’ to 5’

34
Q

The new DNA strand can only grow in the __’ to __’ direction

A

5’ to 3’

35
Q

What stage throughout the DNA process is known to be semiconservative?

A

DNA replication

36
Q

What does each new daughter cell receive from the parent cell after replication and mitosis?

A

one original strand and one new strand

37
Q

Which strand begins at the origin of replication and is synthesized continuously in direction of replication?

A

Leading strand

38
Q

What are discontinuous sequences of DNA synthesized by DNA polymerase and fused together by DNA ligase?

A

Okazaki fragments

39
Q

Which enzyme catalyzes DNA partially unwinding as hydrogen bonds between complementary bases are broken

A

Helicase

40
Q

What is the smallest RNA molecule and what does it do?

A

tRNA, transports amino acids

41
Q

Which RNA molecule is an anticodon?

A

tRNA

42
Q

Which RNA molecule is a codon and Carrie’s genetic information from the nucleus to cytoplasm?

A

mRNA

43
Q

Which RNA molecule combines with proteins to form ribosomes?

A

rRNA

44
Q

Does replication, transcription, or translation require tRNAs?

A

Translation

45
Q

Transcription or Translation?
Builds strands of mRNA and occurs in the nucleus

A

Transcription

46
Q

Transcription or Translation?

Occurs in ribosomes and produces proteins
Requires tRNA

A

Translation

47
Q

What is the difference between genes and chromosomes

A

Gene= part of chromosome that contains DNA (codes for one protein)
chromosome= huge molecule of DNA

48
Q

What kind of linkage forms between the sugar and phosphate?

A

Phoshodietser binds

49
Q

How many bonds are there between A-T and C-G?

A

A-T= 2
C-G= 3

50
Q

What happens to introns during transcription?

A

spliced from mRNA before protein synthesis

51
Q

Transcribed RNA is complementary to which strand of DNA?

A

Template strand

Chemistry 1120 (16 decks)

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