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Chemistry 1120 > Chapter 14 > Flashcards

Chapter 14 Flashcards

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1
Q

How many carbons can one -OH group make hydrophilic?

A

3

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2
Q

What catalyst is needed for a dehydration reaction?

A

A strong acid catalyst

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3
Q

What are 1 degree alcohols converted to?

A

Aldehydes first, then carboxylic acids

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4
Q

What are 2 degree alcohols converted too?

A

Ketones

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5
Q

What are 3 degree alcohols converted to?

A

They don’t usually react with oxidizing agents

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6
Q

How can you tell if a reaction is being oxidized?

A

Increasing C-O bonds and decreasing C-H bonds

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7
Q

How can you tell if something is being reduced?

A

Increasing C-H bonds and decreasing C-O bonds

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8
Q

Which alcohol has properties that are influenced by the presence of electronegative oxygen and hydrogen bonding?

A

Phenols

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9
Q

Are phenols more or less hydrophobic than alcohols

A

Much more hydrophobic because of benzene ring attached

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10
Q

Phenols are used as ____ in the everyday world

A

Antiseptics

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11
Q

T or F
Ether bonds form hydrogen bonds with each other

A

False

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12
Q

Are ethers very reactive? What do they react with?

A

No, don’t react with most reagents

React with oxygen

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13
Q

T or F
Ethers are soluable in water

A

False

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14
Q

What do thiols react with?

A

Mild oxidizing agents like oxygen and Br2

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15
Q

T or F
Thiols are extremely smelly

A

True, are sulfer analogs of alcohol

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16
Q

What does an alkyl halide bond their alkyl group to?

A

A halogen atom

17
Q

How are alkyl halides used in the real world?

A

For medical, industrial, and agricultural practices

18
Q

T or F
A carbon atom that is both tetrahedral and has 4 different groups attached has a chiral center

A

True

19
Q

What does chiral mean?

A

Having right or left handedness with two different mirror image forms

20
Q

What are enantiomers?

A

Optical isomers/ two mirror image forms of a chiral molecule

21
Q

Would you expect enantiomers to have the same boiling point or water soluability?

A

Yes, but not same reaction to polarizing light

22
Q

How are enantiomers affected by polarizing light?

A

Each mirror image rotates in the opposite direction

23
Q

What do enantiomers change?

A

Can change drug functions, tastes, and odors

24
Q

What is the catalyst for hydrogenation?

A

Metal

25
Q

What is the catalyst for halogenation with alkanes?

A

Light

26
Q

What is the catalyst for hydration?

A

Strong acid

27
Q

What is the catalyst for dehydration?

A

H2SO4

28
Q

What is the catalyst for oxidation?

A

Oxygen

29
Q

What is the catalyst for nitration with benzenes?

A

Sulfuric acid

30
Q

What is the catalyst for benzene halogenation?

A

FeBr or FeCl (metals)

Chemistry 1120 (21 decks)

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