Chapter 22 Flashcards
Microvilli provide a large or small surface area which allows for more efficient nutrient absorption within the small intestine
Large
Which describes a catabolic pathway?
A. A pathway that consumes energy
B. A pathway that transmits a signal within a cell
C. A pathway that constructs molecules into smaller subunits
D. A pathway that breaks molecules into smaller subunits
D
T or F
Glycolysis is an aerobic process
Redo
T or F
Major reactants of glycolysis include glucose, NAD+, ADP, and Pi
True
T or F
Acetyl CoA, ATP, and NADH are the major products of glycolysis
False
T or F
Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell
True
T or F
Glycolysis is the process by which glucose is converted to acetyl CoA
False
What are the products of ATP+glucose?
—> glucose-6-phosphate + ADP
Which step of glycolysis?
Glucose is phosphorylated by hexokinase
1
Which step of glycolysis?
Fructose-6-phosphate is phosphorylated to phosphofructokinase
2
Which step of glycolysis?
Aldose cleaves the six-carbon sugar in two three-carbon sugars
3
Which step of glycolysis?
Glyceraldhyde-3- phosphate is converted to 1,3
-bisphosphoglycerate
4
Which step of glycolysis?
3-phosphoglycerate is formed
5
Which step of glycolysis?
Phosphoenolpyruvate is converted to pyruvate
6
How many steps are there in glycolysis and which step is an oxidation reduction reaction?
10
6 is oxidation reduction
Why does the passage of one glucose molecule through glycolysis have a payoff of only two ATP molecules?
2 ATP molecules used in initial phase of glycolysis so only get net gain of 2 ATP at the end
Glucose-6-phosphate is a derivative of what?
Galactose
Fructose-6-phosphate is a derivative of what?
Mannose
Fermentation occurs in animals because it allows glycolysis to continue under _____ conditions by replenishing NAD+
Anaerobic
Glycolysis requires ____ produced from fermentation to produce ATP
NAD+ (in anaerobic state)
As glucose levels increase in the bloodstream insulin levels _____
Increase
As glucose levels decrease in the bloodstream glucagon levels ____
Increase
Insulin stimulates the ____ of glucose levels in blood
Decrease
Glucagon stimulated the breakdown of _____ in the _____ causing ____ to be released into the blood
Glycogen
Liver
Glucose
Which type of cells release insulin?
Pancreatic beta cells
What intermediate in glycolysis and gluconeogenesis is most directly used for glycogenesis?
Glucose-6-phosphate
Glycogenesis is favored when there are energy rich cells, _____, ______
High blood glucose
High insulin levels
Go back to 21
Which steps are irreversible and require a different enzyme in gluconeogenesis than glycolysis?
1,3,10
Which pathways are used during intense physical exercise?
A. Glycolysis only
B. Gluconeogenesis
C. Glycolysis and gluconeogenesis
C
What is the final product of glycogenolysis and when does it happen?
Glucose-6-phosphate
Happens when brain and muscle cells need immediate energy
UDP is involved in _____
Glycogenesis
NADH is consumed in_____
Gluconeogenesis
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