Chapter 23 Flashcards
Simple esters secreted by sebaceous glands in skin of animals and perform most external protective functions
Waxes
What are carboxylic acid triesters of glycerol called?
Triglycerols
A major source of biochemical energy and are fat storage molecules in our body are called
Triglycerols
_____ help control the flow of molecules in and out of cells
Glycerophospholipids
_____ are amides that are essential to the structure of cell membranes and are abundant in nerve cells
Sphingomyelins
What are esters or amides of carboxylic acids with long unbranded hydrocarbon chains (usually around 12-22)
Fatty acids
A structure containing only single C—C bonds is saturated or unsaturated?
Saturated
A structure containing one or more C—C double bonds is saturated or unsaturated
Unsaturated, more than 1 polyunsaturated
Are unsaturated bonds usually cis or trans?
Cis
Bile salts and cholesterol are both examples of what kind of lipid?
Steroids
____ is needed for fat emulsion in digestion and sex hormones
Bile salts
As the number of bonds in fatty acids ____ the melting point _____
Increases
Decreases
Does fat or oil have a high amount of unsaturated fatty acids?
Oil (lower melting point too)
Does fat or oil have a high amount of saturated fatty acids?
Fat
What can be hydrogenated to yeild saturated fats?
Oils/ unsaturated fatty acids
The rearrangement of cis bonds to trans bonds to create trans fats is called what?
Partial hydrogenation
What is the most abundant animal sterol? And where is it synthesized?
Cholesterol
Liver
_____ is a component of cell membranes and the starting material for all other sterols
Cholesterol
What kind of lipid is this?
Wax
What kind of lipid is this?
Fatty acid
What kind of lipid is this?
Triglycerides
What kind of lipid is this?
Steroid
What kind of lipid is this?
phospholipid
What kind of lipid is this?
Prostaglandin
What type of un/saturation?
Monounsaturated
What type of un/saturation?
Saturated
What type of un/saturation?
Polyunsaturated
T or F
Fats that contain more saturated fatty acid residues than unsaturated fatty acid residues are more likely to be solid at room temp
True
T or F
Nonpolar hydrocarbons are attracted to dirt
True
T or F
Soap has a hydrophobic polar head and a long hydrophilic tail
False, hydrophilic head, hydrophobic tail
T or F
Micelles are suspended in water and carry away dirt
True
A lipid molecule that contains at least one carbohydrate unit
Glycolipid
T or F
Sphingophospholipids contain and amide linkage and glycerol
False, don’t contain glycerol
T or F
Sphingophospholipids are located in nerve cells
True
What type of lipid contains two fatty acids?
Glycerophospholipids
(Also called phosphoacyglycerols)
Which class of steriod aids digestion by emulsifying fats?
Bile acid
Which class of steroid are signal molecules that regulate secondary sexual characteristics
Sex hormones
Which class of steroid regulates electrolytes?
Mineralocorticoids
Which class of steroid regulates blood glucose?
Glucocorticoids
Regulating membrane fluidity is a function of what?
Cholesterol
Hydrolysis with strong bases is called what?
Saponification
Soap has a ____ at the end that is ___ and hydrophilic + a long hydrocarbon chain that is ____/_____
Sodium salt
Ionic
Nonpolar/ hydrophobic
Spherical cluster formed by the aggregation of soap/ detergent molecules so the _____ ends are in the center and the ____ ends are on the surface is called what?
Hydrophobic= center
Hydrophilic= surface
Micelles
What has a hydrophilic head and two hydrophobic tails?
Phospholipids
What type of lipids are linked together by ester bonds?
Phospholipids
Glycerophospholipids
Which lipid is derived from amino alcohol sphingosine?
Sphingolipids
____ are essential for emulsification of fats during digestion
Bile salts
What is synthesized in the liver from cholesterol and stored in the gall bladder until it’s released into the small intestine
Bile salts
Estrone and estradiol are synthesized from ____
Testosterone
Are glycolipids and cholesterol in or out of the cell membrane?
In membrane
What type of bond holds peripheral proteins together
Noncovalent bonds
Movement from high to low concentration gradients without the use of energy is which type of transport?
Passive
____ diffusion is the random motion of diffusion through the cell membrane
Simple
_____ diffusion is the passive transport of molecules with the assistance of a protein that changes shape
Facilitated
The movement of substances from low to high concentrations across the cell membrane with the assistance of energy is what type of transport
Active (uses stuff like ATP energy wise)
Linoleic acid is also know as ____
Omega 6
alpha-linoleic acid is also know as
Omega 3
What is the structure of triglycerol and what bonds it together?
Glycerol with 3 fatty acids
Ester bond
What is the product of hydrogenation?
Glycerol and fatty acid salt
Prostiglandins are hormone like substances derived from _____
Arachidonic acid
What is the precursor for all eicosanoid signaling molecules?
Derived from 20 C unsaturated carboxylic acid
What reduces the body’s ability to make prostiglandins?
Aspirin/ ibuprofen
What is localized in the intracellular chemical messenger?
Eicosanoids
