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Chemistry 1120 > Chapter 23 > Flashcards

Chapter 23 Flashcards

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1
Q

Simple esters secreted by sebaceous glands in skin of animals and perform most external protective functions

A

Waxes

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2
Q

What are carboxylic acid triesters of glycerol called?

A

Triglycerols

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3
Q

A major source of biochemical energy and are fat storage molecules in our body are called

A

Triglycerols

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4
Q

_____ help control the flow of molecules in and out of cells

A

Glycerophospholipids

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5
Q

_____ are amides that are essential to the structure of cell membranes and are abundant in nerve cells

A

Sphingomyelins

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6
Q

What are esters or amides of carboxylic acids with long unbranded hydrocarbon chains (usually around 12-22)

A

Fatty acids

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7
Q

A structure containing only single C—C bonds is saturated or unsaturated?

A

Saturated

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8
Q

A structure containing one or more C—C double bonds is saturated or unsaturated

A

Unsaturated, more than 1 polyunsaturated

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9
Q

Are unsaturated bonds usually cis or trans?

A

Cis

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10
Q

Bile salts and cholesterol are both examples of what kind of lipid?

A

Steroids

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11
Q

____ is needed for fat emulsion in digestion and sex hormones

A

Bile salts

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12
Q

As the number of bonds in fatty acids ____ the melting point _____

A

Increases
Decreases

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13
Q

Does fat or oil have a high amount of unsaturated fatty acids?

A

Oil (lower melting point too)

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14
Q

Does fat or oil have a high amount of saturated fatty acids?

A

Fat

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15
Q

What can be hydrogenated to yeild saturated fats?

A

Oils/ unsaturated fatty acids

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16
Q

The rearrangement of cis bonds to trans bonds to create trans fats is called what?

A

Partial hydrogenation

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17
Q

What is the most abundant animal sterol? And where is it synthesized?

A

Cholesterol
Liver

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18
Q

_____ is a component of cell membranes and the starting material for all other sterols

A

Cholesterol

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19
Q

What kind of lipid is this?

A

Wax

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20
Q

What kind of lipid is this?

A

Fatty acid

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21
Q

What kind of lipid is this?

A

Triglycerides

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22
Q

What kind of lipid is this?

A

Steroid

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23
Q

What kind of lipid is this?

A

phospholipid

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24
Q

What kind of lipid is this?

A

Prostaglandin

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25
Q

What type of un/saturation?

A

Monounsaturated

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26
Q

What type of un/saturation?

A

Saturated

27
Q

What type of un/saturation?

A

Polyunsaturated

28
Q

T or F
Fats that contain more saturated fatty acid residues than unsaturated fatty acid residues are more likely to be solid at room temp

A

True

29
Q

T or F
Nonpolar hydrocarbons are attracted to dirt

A

True

30
Q

T or F
Soap has a hydrophobic polar head and a long hydrophilic tail

A

False, hydrophilic head, hydrophobic tail

31
Q

T or F
Micelles are suspended in water and carry away dirt

A

True

32
Q

A lipid molecule that contains at least one carbohydrate unit

A

Glycolipid

33
Q

T or F
Sphingophospholipids contain and amide linkage and glycerol

A

False, don’t contain glycerol

34
Q

T or F
Sphingophospholipids are located in nerve cells

A

True

35
Q

What type of lipid contains two fatty acids?

A

Glycerophospholipids
(Also called phosphoacyglycerols)

36
Q

Which class of steriod aids digestion by emulsifying fats?

A

Bile acid

37
Q

Which class of steroid are signal molecules that regulate secondary sexual characteristics

A

Sex hormones

38
Q

Which class of steroid regulates electrolytes?

A

Mineralocorticoids

39
Q

Which class of steroid regulates blood glucose?

A

Glucocorticoids

40
Q

Regulating membrane fluidity is a function of what?

A

Cholesterol

41
Q

Hydrolysis with strong bases is called what?

A

Saponification

42
Q

Soap has a ____ at the end that is ___ and hydrophilic + a long hydrocarbon chain that is ____/_____

A

Sodium salt
Ionic
Nonpolar/ hydrophobic

43
Q

Spherical cluster formed by the aggregation of soap/ detergent molecules so the _____ ends are in the center and the ____ ends are on the surface is called what?

A

Hydrophobic= center
Hydrophilic= surface
Micelles

44
Q

What has a hydrophilic head and two hydrophobic tails?

A

Phospholipids

45
Q

What type of lipids are linked together by ester bonds?

A

Phospholipids
Glycerophospholipids

46
Q

Which lipid is derived from amino alcohol sphingosine?

A

Sphingolipids

47
Q

____ are essential for emulsification of fats during digestion

A

Bile salts

48
Q

What is synthesized in the liver from cholesterol and stored in the gall bladder until it’s released into the small intestine

A

Bile salts

49
Q

Estrone and estradiol are synthesized from ____

A

Testosterone

50
Q

Are glycolipids and cholesterol in or out of the cell membrane?

A

In membrane

51
Q

What type of bond holds peripheral proteins together

A

Noncovalent bonds

52
Q

Movement from high to low concentration gradients without the use of energy is which type of transport?

A

Passive

53
Q

____ diffusion is the random motion of diffusion through the cell membrane

A

Simple

54
Q

_____ diffusion is the passive transport of molecules with the assistance of a protein that changes shape

A

Facilitated

55
Q

The movement of substances from low to high concentrations across the cell membrane with the assistance of energy is what type of transport

A

Active (uses stuff like ATP energy wise)

56
Q

Linoleic acid is also know as ____

A

Omega 6

57
Q

alpha-linoleic acid is also know as

A

Omega 3

58
Q

What is the structure of triglycerol and what bonds it together?

A

Glycerol with 3 fatty acids
Ester bond

59
Q

What is the product of hydrogenation?

A

Glycerol and fatty acid salt

60
Q

Prostiglandins are hormone like substances derived from _____

A

Arachidonic acid

61
Q

What is the precursor for all eicosanoid signaling molecules?

A

Derived from 20 C unsaturated carboxylic acid

62
Q

What reduces the body’s ability to make prostiglandins?

A

Aspirin/ ibuprofen

63
Q

What is localized in the intracellular chemical messenger?

A

Eicosanoids

Chemistry 1120 (16 decks)

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