Chapter 26:Urinary System Flashcards
Functions of urinary system:
Regulation of ______ volume and composition.
Regulation of blood __.
Regulation of ______ pressure.
Regulation of hormones.
blood
pH
blood
2 parts that compose the kidney are the renal capsule and renal ______.
tubule
Renal blood vessels.
\_\_\_\_\_ arteries afferent entry \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ glomerular \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ arteriole peritubular capillaries peritubular \_\_\_\_\_ renal vein.
Renal arteriole capillaries efferent venule
2 types of nephrons.
Cortical and juxtamedullary
_________ nephrons
80-85% of all nephrons.
Lies in renal cortex
Short loop of henle.
Cortical nephrons.
____________ nephrons
15-20% of nephrons.
Long loop of henle.
Used in formation of very complicated or very dilute urine.
Juxtamedullary
_________ ducts collect urine from several nephrons. Site of final modification of urine.
Collecting
_________ ducts
Convergence of many collecting ducts.
Eventually empty into minor calyx.
Papillary
High blood pressure in glomerulus is because the ________ arteriole is smaller in diameter than the ________ arteriole.
efferent , afferent
___________ hydrostatic pressure
Forces water and solutes across the glomerulus.
Is approximately 50 mmHg.
Glomerular (GHP)
________ hydrostatic pressure (CHP)
Opposes filtration, due to fluid already in renal tubule. Approximately 15mmHg.
Capsular
Blood colloid ________ pressure. (BCOP)
Opposes filtration, due to presence of proteins in blood.
osmotic
Glomerular ________ rate (GFR)
Amount of filtrate formed in both kidneys per minute.
125 ml/min, 180 L/day.
filtration
Increase in ______ pressure causes increase in GFR.
blood
Stretch of ______ arterioles due to increase of blood pressure causes vasocontriction of blood vessels.
afferent
Vasoconstriction causes reduction in ________ flow. Which causes ____ to decrease.
blood, GFR
Renin- Angiotensin system occurs in response to a decrease in ______ pressure/volume
blood
During the renin- angiotensin system, the decrease in stretch of arterioles causes release of _____.
renin
During the renin- angiotensin system, renin acts on peptide produced in the liver to form ___________.
During the renin- angiotensin system, angiotensin I is then converted to angiotensin II in the ____.
angiotensin I
lungs
What are the effects of angiotensin?
- Vasoconstriction.
- Release of __________.
- _________ thirst centers.
- Release of ADH.
- Increased cardiac ______.
aldsosterone
Stimulates
output
Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) is released by _____ due to increased blood volume or pressure.
Decreases sodium reabsorption at the renal _______.
atria
tubules
Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) is released by __________ due to increased blood volume or pressure.
ventricles
5 functions of the Proximal convoluted tube (PCT)
- ___________ of organic molecules.
- Active reabsorption of ions.
- Reabsorption of _____.
- _______ reabsorption of ions.
- Secretion.
Reabsorption
water
Passive
Countercurrent multiplication is the exchange between the thin descending limb and the thick ascending limb of the _______ loop.
nephrons
Normal amount of water and solutes loss in the collecting system is regulated in what two ways?
By aldosterone, which controls ______ ion pumps along most of the DCT and the proximal portion of the collecting system.
By ADH, which controls the ____________ of the DCT and collecting system to water.
sodium
permeability
The _____ is the point of entry for the renal artery and renal nerves.
It is also the point of exit for the renal vein and the ureter
hilum
Order of blood flow in the nephron:
- ________ arteriole.
- Glomerulus.
- ________arteriole.
- Peritubular capillaries.
- Peritubular _______.
- Afferent areteriole
- Glomerulus
- Efferent arteriole
- Peritubular capillaries
- Peritubular venules
__________ is when blood pressure forces water and dissolved solutes out of the glomerular capillaries into the capsular space.
Filtration
The thick descending limb is similar to ___.
It pumps sodium and chloride ions out of the _______ fluid.
PCT
tubular
______, but not solutes are freely permeable in both thin segments of the nephron loop.
So ______ can move out those segments, which helps to concentrate the tubular fluid.
Water
The Distal convoluted tube is important for:
- Active _________ of ions, acids and drugs into the tubule.
- Selective reabsorbtion of sodium and chloride ions from _______ fluid.
- Selective ____________ of water.
- Active secretion of ions, acids and drugs into the tubule
- Selective reabsorbtion of sodium and chloride ions from tubular fluid.
- Selective reabsorption of water.
____________ is the removal of water and solutes from the filtrate, and their movement across the tubular epithelium and into the peritubular fluid.
Reabsorption
_________ is the transport of solutes from the peritubular fluid, across the tubular epithelium, and into the the tubular fluid.
Secretion
Tubular secretions remove substances from the ______.
blood
Filtration occurs exclusively in the renal _________.
corpuscle
Buffers are dissolved compounds that stabilize the __ of a solution by providing or removing H+.
pH
Buffers include weak acids that can ______ H+, and weak bases that can ______ H+.
donate
absorb
