Chapter 23: Respiratory System Flashcards
The exchange of gases between the atmosphere, the blood and cells of the body.
Respiration
The upper respiratory system consists of(4):
nose, nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, and pharynx.
The lower respiratory system consists of(5) :
Larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchiloes, and alveoli
Thyroid cartilage, cricoid cartilage, and the epiglottis are part of the _______.
Larynx
_______ cartilage:
The largest laryngeal cartilage.
Made of hyaline cartilage.
Forms most of the anterior and lateral walls of the larynx.
Thyroid cartilage
______ cartilage:
Provides support in the absence of thyroid cartilage and helps thyroid cartilage protect the glottis and the entrance to the trachea.
Cricoid cartilage
During swallowing, the _________ prevents liquids and solid foods from entering respiratory tract.
Superior to the glottis and forms a lid over it.
Epiglottis
The carina is an internal ridge that separates the two ______.
bronchi
A single pleural cavity that surrounds each lung.
Pleura
The ________ pleura covers the inner surface of the thoracic walls and extends over the diaphragm and mediastinum.
Parietal pleura
The visceral ______ covers the outer surfaces of the lungs, extending into the fissures between the lobes.
Visceral pleura
_________ is produced by pneumocytes type II.
An oily secretion containing phospholipids and proteins.
Surfactant
Pulmonary ventilation is the ________ movement of air into and out of the respiratory tract.
physical
________ ventilation is movement of gases between the air in the lung and the blood.
External ventilation
In external ventilationn, oxygen diffuses from air into ______.
Blood
In external ventilation, Carbon dioxide diffuses out of blood into ______.
Air
Boyle’s Law
Decreasing volume of gas causes pressure to ____ and increasing volume of gas causes pressure to ____.
rise, fall
As the the diaphragm increases its volume air is _____ into the _____.
drawn, lungs
Contraction of the external __________ muscles assists in inhalation by raising the ribs.
Intercostal muscles
Contraction of the ________ muscles can assist the external intercostal muscles in elevating the ribs.
They increase the speed and amount of rib movement.
Accessory muscles
Exhalation is _____ at rest.
Passive
The pressure contributed by a single gas in a mixture of gases.
Partial pressure
The amount of a particular gas in a solution is directly proportional to the partial pressure of that gas is _______ Law.
Henry’s Law
Difference in partial pressures, surface area for exchange, diffusional distance, and molecular weight all can change rate of movement in external __________.
ventilation
______ is not very soluable in water/plasma.
Oxygen
________ increases oxygen carrying capacity of blood.
Hemoglobin
Fully saturated means all of the ______ binding sites on the ________ are filled with _________.
Oxygen, hemoglobin, oxygen
Partially saturated is when _______ contains a mixture of saturated and deoxygenated hemoglobin.
Blood
Hemoglobin releases ______ at low partial pressure.
oxygen
How tightly the hemoglobin binds to oxygen.
Affinity
As pH decreases, affinity _______.
decreases
In acid conditions (low pH), hemoglobin has _____ affinity and releases oxygen.
low
In alkaline conditions (high pH), hemoglobin has _____ affinity and binds to oxygen
high
3 forms carbon dioxide is transported in the blood.
Dissolved CO2 (7%), carbonaminohemoglobin (23%), and bicarbonate ion(HCO3 ) (70%)
When the diaphragm and external muscles contract, intrapleural pressure ________.
Decreases
The respiratory tract passageway that leads directly into each lung.
Bronchus
Area in the brain that sets the respiratory rhythm.
Ventral respiratory group (vrg)
Air moves out of the lungs when the pressure inside the lungs is ______ than the pressure in the atmosphere.
Greater
When PO2 is high, Hb has ______ affinity for O2.
strong
O2 binds to HB in pulmonary __________.
capillaries
PO2 is ____ in the atmosphere and ___ in the tissues.
high,low
Increased temperature, PCO2, and BPG causes a _______ in affinity of Hb for O2.
decrease
Fetal Hb binds to BPG _______ than adults.
Weaker
Fetal Hb with less BPG has ________ affinity than adults.
stronger
Carbonic anhydrase catalyzes the reaction of CO2 with ______. molecules.
water
