Chapter 21:Blood Vessels and Hemodynamics

Question 1

Blood vessels from largest to smallest.

Answer 1

Arteries, arterioles, veins, venules, capillaries

Question 2

Vessels located deep in body, carries blood from the heart, and has elastic and muscular structures.

Answer 2

Arteries

Question 3

Arteries located close to heart, large in diameter, and maintain pressure during ventricular diastole.

Answer 3

Elastic Arteries

Question 4

Aorta, common carotid, subclavian, and pulmonary are elastic or muscular arteries?

Answer 4

Elastic

Question 5

Arteries located further from heart, small in diameter, not stretchy, and have thick walls.

Answer 5

Muscular arteries

Question 6

Smaller than arteries.

Control blood flow to tissue (vasodilation, vasoconstriction, resistance vessels).

Answer 6

Arterioles

Question 7

Smallest of all blood vessels, thin walled, and site of exchanges between blood and tissue.

Answer 7

Capillaries

Question 8

Most common type of capillary.
Composed of interrupted endothelium.
Small gaps between cells allow passage of fluid.
Found in skeletal, smooth, connective tissue, and lungs.

Answer 8

Continuous Capillary

Question 9

Type of capillary who’s walls have pores.
Has greater permeability.
Found in areas of high absorption and filtration.
-Such as kidneys, small intestine, and ventricles in brain.

Answer 9

Fenestrated Capillary

Question 10

Type of capillary that is very leaky
Blood flow is slow.
Found in bone marrow, liver, lymph and some endocrine tissue.

Answer 10

Sinusoidal Capillary

Question 11

_______ beds form network.

Has pre-capillary sphincter, vasomotion.

Answer 11

Capillary Beds

Question 12

Capillary beds empty into these vessels.

Answer 12

Venules

Question 13

Vessels formed by the joining of venules.

Return blood to heart, walls are stretchy, and act as blood reservoir.

Answer 13

Veins

Question 14

The 3 layers of arteries and veins include the tunica intima, tunica _____, and the tunica ______.

Answer 14

media

external

Question 15

The tunica intima is made up of elastic _________.
The tunica media is made up of ______ and smooth muscle.
The tunica externa is made up of elastic and ________.

Answer 15

endothelium
elastic
collagen

Question 16

Metarterioles supply _______ beds and form through channels.

Answer 16

capillary

Question 17

Precapillary ________ are smooth muscle rings between metarteriole and capillary bed.

Answer 17

sphincters

Question 18

In capillary exchange:

Diffusion is a passive movement and driven by _________ gradient.

Answer 18

concentration

Question 19

In capillary exchange:

Transcytosis is an ______ movement by pinocytosis and exoeyosis. It is driven by cell energy.

Answer 19

active

Question 20

In capillary exchange:

Bulk flow is a passive movement driven by ________ gradients. (Filtration and reabsorption).

Answer 20

pressure

Question 21

SBP-DBP= ______ pressure

Answer 21

pulse

Question 22

MAP= ___+ (pulse pressure/3)

Answer 22

DBP

Question 23

Hydrostatic pressures include blood HP and ___________ fluid HP.

Answer 23

inerstitual

Question 24

Osmotic pressures include blood _______ OP and ________ fluid OP.

Answer 24

colloid

interstitual

Question 25

Filtration occurs at _______ end of capillary and involves molecules moving from blood to the fluid.

Answer 25

arterial

Question 26

Reabsorption occurs at ______ end of capillary and involves fluid and molecules moving from the fluid to the blood.

Answer 26

venous

Question 27

BP is lowest in these vessels.

Answer 27

Veins

Question 28

Inhaling decreases pressure in ________ cavity and increases pressure in abdominal cavity and veins.

Answer 28

thoracic

Question 29

NFP=___-___

Answer 29

NHP-NCOP

Question 30

ADH is released at the posterior pituitary gland in response to a ________ in blood volume.

Answer 30

decrease

Question 31

Angiotensin II stimulates the production of ___ and stimulates cardiac _______.

Answer 31

ADH

output

Question 32

The kidneys release erythropoietin (EPO) if ______ pressure falls or if O2 blood percentage gets low.

Answer 32

blood

Question 33

EPO causes __________ of blood vessels, which increases blood pressure.

Answer 33

vasoconstriction

Question 34

ANP and BNP ______ blood pressure and blood volume.

Answer 34

blood