Chapter 21:Blood Vessels and Hemodynamics Flashcards
Blood vessels from largest to smallest.
Arteries, arterioles, veins, venules, capillaries
Vessels located deep in body, carries blood from the heart, and has elastic and muscular structures.
Arteries
Arteries located close to heart, large in diameter, and maintain pressure during ventricular diastole.
Elastic Arteries
Aorta, common carotid, subclavian, and pulmonary are elastic or muscular arteries?
Elastic
Arteries located further from heart, small in diameter, not stretchy, and have thick walls.
Muscular arteries
Smaller than arteries.
Control blood flow to tissue (vasodilation, vasoconstriction, resistance vessels).
Arterioles
Smallest of all blood vessels, thin walled, and site of exchanges between blood and tissue.
Capillaries
Most common type of capillary.
Composed of interrupted endothelium.
Small gaps between cells allow passage of fluid.
Found in skeletal, smooth, connective tissue, and lungs.
Continuous Capillary
Type of capillary who’s walls have pores.
Has greater permeability.
Found in areas of high absorption and filtration.
-Such as kidneys, small intestine, and ventricles in brain.
Fenestrated Capillary
Type of capillary that is very leaky
Blood flow is slow.
Found in bone marrow, liver, lymph and some endocrine tissue.
Sinusoidal Capillary
_______ beds form network.
Has pre-capillary sphincter, vasomotion.
Capillary Beds
Capillary beds empty into these vessels.
Venules
Vessels formed by the joining of venules.
Return blood to heart, walls are stretchy, and act as blood reservoir.
Veins
The 3 layers of arteries and veins include the tunica intima, tunica _____, and the tunica ______.
media
external
The tunica intima is made up of elastic _________.
The tunica media is made up of ______ and smooth muscle.
The tunica externa is made up of elastic and ________.
endothelium
elastic
collagen
Metarterioles supply _______ beds and form through channels.
capillary
Precapillary ________ are smooth muscle rings between metarteriole and capillary bed.
sphincters
In capillary exchange:
Diffusion is a passive movement and driven by _________ gradient.
concentration
In capillary exchange:
Transcytosis is an ______ movement by pinocytosis and exoeyosis. It is driven by cell energy.
active
In capillary exchange:
Bulk flow is a passive movement driven by ________ gradients. (Filtration and reabsorption).
pressure
SBP-DBP= ______ pressure
pulse
MAP= ___+ (pulse pressure/3)
DBP
Hydrostatic pressures include blood HP and ___________ fluid HP.
inerstitual
Osmotic pressures include blood _______ OP and ________ fluid OP.
colloid
interstitual
Filtration occurs at _______ end of capillary and involves molecules moving from blood to the fluid.
arterial
Reabsorption occurs at ______ end of capillary and involves fluid and molecules moving from the fluid to the blood.
venous
BP is lowest in these vessels.
Veins
Inhaling decreases pressure in ________ cavity and increases pressure in abdominal cavity and veins.
thoracic
NFP=___-___
NHP-NCOP
ADH is released at the posterior pituitary gland in response to a ________ in blood volume.
decrease
Angiotensin II stimulates the production of ___ and stimulates cardiac _______.
ADH
output
The kidneys release erythropoietin (EPO) if ______ pressure falls or if O2 blood percentage gets low.
blood
EPO causes __________ of blood vessels, which increases blood pressure.
vasoconstriction
ANP and BNP ______ blood pressure and blood volume.
blood
