Chapter 24 Part 2 Flashcards
Mucosa is dotted with ________ _______.
Gastric pits
Each gastric pit communicates with several _______ _______.
Gastric glands
Gastric glands are dominated by two types of secretory cells;
Parietal cells and chief cells
Parietal cells secrete ________ and ___________.
Intrinsic factor and hydrochloric acid (HCL)
Chief cells produce _____________.
Pepsinogen
G cells produce___________.
Gastrin
Gastrin stimulates _________ and ___________
Chief and parietal cells
New born infants’ stomach produce ________ and _______.
Rennin and gastric lipase
These two enzymes help infants digest milk.
Rennin and Gastric lipase
Kills microbes, stops action of amylase and activates lipase from saliva.
HCL
Activates pepsin and activates hormones for secretion of bile and pancreatic enzymes.
HCL
Stomach empties into ________ 2-6 hours after eating.
Duodenum
_______ Phase
Phase initiated by smell, taste, or thought of food.
Cerebral cortex and hypothalamus sends signals to medulla.
Impulse is sent along vagus nerve to stomach to begin secretion.
Cephallic
Gastric Phase
Phase initiated by _______ receptors and chemoreceptors.
Controlled through negative feedback.
Contractions of stomach causes some chyme to be ejected into duodenum.
As chyme leaves, pH and distension decreases, therefore less secretions.
stretch
________ Phase
Phase that functions to prevent overfilling of duodenum.
Initiated by receptors in duodenum.
Has inhibitory effect on the stomach and its secretions.
Serves to inhibit secretion, smooth muscle contraction, and stomach emptying.
Intestinal
Lies beneath stomach, empties into duodenum, and has enzymes involved in carbohydrate, protein, fat, and nucleic acid.
Pancreas
Largest gland in the body, contains hepatocytes, maintains blood glucose level, and stores some fats and makes cholesterol.
Liver
The liver de-aminates amino acids, removes drugs and
_______, stores vitamins and glycogen.
hormones
Contains water, bile salts, cholesterol, bile pigments, ions. Main pigment is bilirubin.
Bile
Small sac under liver, stores and releases bile, releases contents into cystic duct empties into duodenum.
Gallbladdder
3 segments of small intestine.
Duodenum, jejunum, ileum.
2 types of muscular movement in small intestine
Segmentations and MMCs
Begins in mouth;enzymes break down polysaccharides into simple sugars fro absorption.
Carbohydrate digestion
Four pancreatic enzymes that finish protein digestion begin in stomach.
Protein digestion
Bile salts emulsify fats and enzymes break triglycerides down into fatty acids and glycerol.
Lipid digestion
Nucleic acid digestion is the nucleus that break down nucleus acids down into ____________.
nucleotides
Intestinal hormone that increases bile secretion
Secretin
Chloecytokinin (CCk) __________ the production and secretion of all digestive enzymes.
Helps release bile.
accelerates
In small intestine, carbohydrates are absorbed as monosaccharides and proteins are absorbed as ________ and __________.
amino acids
small polypeptides
4 parts of the colon
Ascending, transverse, descending, and sigmeidal.
Large intestine is separated from small intestine by ________
Ileocecal valve
Mucosal layer of large intestine has ___ villi and _____ goblet cells.
No, many
Longitudinal layer of muscularis is reduced to 3 bands of muscle called _______________
Teniae Coli
