Chapter 22: Immunity and Lymphatic System

Question 1

Fluid that is of the same composition as interstitual fluid.

Formed by capillary filtration.

Answer 1

Lymph

Question 2

Lymphatic vessels that resemble veins, but have _______ walls and _____ valves.

Answer 2

Thinner, more

Question 3

Lymphatic _________ are located all throughout the body except avasucular tissue.
Its structure permits the fluid to enter, but not leave.

Answer 3

capillaries

Question 4

Lymphatic capillaries associated with the small intestine are called ________.

Answer 4

Lacteals

Question 5

Lymph _____ filter lymph and contains macrophages and lymphocytes.

Answer 5

nodes

Question 6

Lymph nodes enter through _______ capillaries and exit through ______ vessels.

Answer 6

afferent, efferent

Question 7

Vessels leaving chain of nodes unite to form a lymphatic ________.

Answer 7

trunk

Question 8

Maturation site for T-cells.
Produces hormones necessary for production of
lymphocytes.
Primary lymphatic organ.

Answer 8

Thymus

Question 9

Largest mass of lymphatic tissue, contains white pulp and red pulp.

Answer 9

Spleen

Question 10

Lymphatic tissue not surrounded by a capsule and is associated with mucosal membranes are lymph _______.

Answer 10

nodules

Question 11

What are the 3 types of lymphocytes?

Answer 11

B cells, T cells, and NK cells

Question 12

Type of lymphocyte that is thymus dependent and is the most common.

Answer 12

T-cells

Question 13

Type of lymphocyte that is bone-marrow derived, differentiate into plasma cells, and produce antibodies.

Answer 13

B-Cells

Question 14

Type of lymphocyte that are large granular cells that attack foreign cells.

Answer 14

NK cells

Question 15

First line of defense for innate (nonspecific) response.
(perspiration, saliva, gastric juice} include:

Mechanical and ________ barriers.
__________ and muscosal membranes.
_____ secretions.

Answer 15

Mechanical & chemical barriers.
Epidermis & mucosal membranes.
Body secretions.

Question 16

Structure of lymph nodes include (5):

Answer 16

Capsule, trabeculae, suscapular space, cortex, and medulla

Question 17

Phagocytes, NK cells, interferons, complement system, inflammation, and fever are part of what line of defense?

Answer 17

Second line of defense

Question 18

4 steps for phagocytes to eat cells.

Answer 18

Chemotaxis, adherence, ingestion, digestion & killing

Question 19

Helps trigger neighboring cells to increase security.

Answer 19

Interferons

Question 20

The attraction of phagocytic cells to the source of abnormal chemicals in tissue fluids.

Answer 20

Chemotaxis

Question 21

Cytokines that produce antiviral proteins and stimulate NK cells and macrophage activity.

Answer 21

Interferons

Question 22

A series of proteins always there waiting to help antibodies.

Answer 22

Complement system

Question 23

Defense response to cellular/tissue damage.

Answer 23

Inflammation

Question 24

First stage of Inflammatory response? Includes redness and swelling.

Answer 24

Vasodilation and increased capillary permeability

Question 25

Histamines, heparin, and prostaglandins are part of the first stage of ____________.

Answer 25

First stage of inflammation

Question 26

Second stage of inflammatory response includes emigration of _________.

Answer 26

Emigration of phagocytes

Question 27

Collection of dead neutrophils and monocytes from the second stage cause what?

Answer 27

Pus

Question 28

Third stage of inflammatory response includes _______ repair and formation of scar tissue by __________.

Answer 28

Tissue, fibroblasts

Question 29

Elevated body temperature that intensifies action of interferons. Resetting of hypothalamic thermostat.(pyrogens)

Answer 29

Fever

Question 30

The constant monitoring of normal tissues by NK cells is ____________ surveillance.

Answer 30

Immunological surveillance.

Question 31

Ability of the body to defend itself against a specific foreign invader. Requires exposure to antigens.

Answer 31

Specific responce: adaptive immunity

Question 32

What brings about cell-mediated immunity?

Answer 32

T-cells

Question 33

What provides antibody-mediated immunity?

Answer 33

B-cells

Question 34

Defends against abnormal cells and pathogens inside cells.

Answer 34

Cell-mediated immunity

Question 35

Defends against anitgens and pathogens in body fluids.

Answer 35

Antibody-mediated immunity

Question 36

T-cells that stimulate the response of both T-cells and B-cells.(coordinators)

Answer 36

Helper T-cells`

Question 37

T-cells that enter peripheral tissues and directly attack antigens physically and chemically.

Answer 37

Cytotoxic T-cells

Question 38

T-cells that respond to antigens they have already encountered by cloning more lymphocytes to ward off the invader.

Answer 38

Memory T-cells

Question 39

What must happen before an immune response can begin? T-cells must be activated by exposure to an _______.

Answer 39

T-cells must be activated by exposure to an antigen.

Question 40

Antigens must be combined with cell proteins to be recognized by _-cells.

Answer 40

T-cells

Question 41

Glycoproteins on cell surface are ___ proteins.

Answer 41

MHC proteins

Question 42

These are in all nucleated cells. Pick up small peptides from the surrounding cytoplasm and carry them to the cell surface: Class _ MHC proteins

Answer 42

Class I MHC proteins

Question 43

Present only in the plasma membranes of antigen-presenting cells and lymphocytes: Class _ MHC proteins

Answer 43

Class II MHC proteins

Question 44

Cluster of differentiation

Answer 44

CD cells

Question 45

All _-cells have a CD3 receptor complex.

Answer 45

T-cells

Question 46

___ markers are found in cytotoxic T-cells and respond to antigens presented by class I MHC proteins.

Answer 46

CD8

Question 47

___ markers are found on helper T-cells and respond to antigens presented by class II MHC proteins.

Answer 47

CD4

Question 48

The process of T-cells binding to the stimulating cell at a second site and confirming the initial activation signal.

Answer 48

Costimulation

Question 49

Forms when an antibody molecule binds to its corresponding antigen molecule.

Answer 49

Antigen-antibody comples

Question 50

7 ways the formation of an antigen-antibody complex may cause the elimination of the antigen: ``` ____________ Precipitation and ___________ Activation of the _________ system. Attraction of ___________. Opsonizaton Stimulation of __________. _________ of adhesion. ```

Answer 50

``` Neutralization Agglutination Complement system Phagocytes Opsonization Inflammation Prevention ```

Question 51

Lymph ducts return lymph to blood at ____ ____.

Answer 51

vena cava

Question 52

2 T-cells known as regulatory T-cells.

Answer 52

Helper T-cells and suppressor T-cells

Question 53

As they mature B-cells and __ cells enter bloodstream and migate to peripheral tissues.

Answer 53

NK

Question 54

Most mature B-cells move into lymph _____, the _______, and other lyphid tissues.

Answer 54

nodes, spleen

Question 55

___ cells patrol the body, moving through peripheral tissues in search of abnormal cells.

Answer 55

Nk

Question 56

The mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) is a collection of lymphoid tissue that protect the _________ of the digestive, _________, urinary, and ____________ systems.

Answer 56

epithelia respiratory reproductive

Question 57

Examples of MALT are the appendix and _______.

Answer 57

tonsils

Question 58

T-cells in the cortex of the thymic _______are actively dividing. As they mature the migrate into the _______.

Answer 58

lobule | medulla

Question 59

Functions of the spleen include: Removing ________ cells and other blood components by phagocytosis. Storing _____ recycled from RBCs. Initiating immune responses from B-cells and T-cells in response to _______ in circulating blood.

Answer 59

abnormal iron antigens

Question 60

Outer cortex of lymph nodes include masses of B-cells called lymphatic _______.

Answer 60

nodules

Question 61

B-cells can proliferate and become _______producing cells or memory B-cells. This happens in the _____ cortex of lymph nodes.

Answer 61

antibody | outer

Question 62

The inner cortex of lymph nodes is where _-cells can proliferate and leave lymph nodes.

Answer 62

T-cells

Question 63

The _______ of lymph nodes includes a mass of B-cells from outer corex and can produce and release antibodies.

Answer 63

medulla

Question 64

________ defenses do not distinguiush one type of threat from another. They are present at birth.

Answer 64

Innate (non-specific) Defense

Question 65

Class of phagocytic cells that include neutrophils and eosinophils that normally circulate the blood. They leave the bloodstream and enter peripheral tissues that are injured or infected.

Answer 65

Microphages

Question 66

Class of phagocytic cells that have fixed and free types.

Answer 66

Macrophages

Question 67

NK cells detect cells containing abnormal antigens. | They do this by realigning their golgi apparatus with the target cell and releases _______ which disintegrates the cell.

Answer 67

perforin

Question 68

Type of adaptive immunity that develops after an exposure to an antigen. The body then makes its own anitbody for that antigen. Example: Vaccines

Answer 68

Active Immunity

Question 69

Type of adaptive immunity that is produced by transferring antibodies from another source. Example: Baby receiving antibodies from mother or getting a shot of antibodies after being bit by rabies animal.

Answer 69

Passive Immunity

Question 70

Cytotoxic T-cells enter peripheral tissues and directly attack antigens physically and __________.

Answer 70

chemically

Question 71

_______ T-cells respond to antigens they have already encountered by cloning more lymphocytes to ward off invade.

Answer 71

Memory

Question 72

Helper T-cells stimulate the responces of both T-cells and _-cells.

Answer 72

B

Question 73

_________ T-cells inhibit T-cell and B-cell activities and moderate the immune respance

Answer 73

Suppressor