Chapter 24: Digestion System Flashcards
Ingestion takes place when materials enter the digestive tract through the ______.
mouth
Mechanical processing is the _________ and shearing that makes materials easier to propel along the digestive tract.
crushing
Chemical breakdown of food.
Digestion
Secretion is the release of _____, acids, enzymes, buffers, and salts by the epithelium of the digestive tract and by glandular organs.
water
Absorption is the movement of of organic molecules, __________, vitamins, and water across the digestive epithelium and into interstitial _____ of the digestive tract.
electrolytes
fluid
Ejects materials from the digestive tract, eliminating them as feces.
Defacation
_________ mucosa is the thin layer of smooth muscle that causes folds in the stomach and small intestine. Insures all absorptive cells come in contact with food.
Muscularis
Submucosa is the ______ connective tissue that binds mucosa to third layer.
it contains blood vessels, lymph vessels, glands and nerves.
dense
Brain of the gut.
Enteric nervous system
Muscularis function is to mix and ______ food along.
Has inner and outer layer.
propel
Outermost layer that functions in protection
Serosa
Sphincter between esophagus and stomach.
Cardiac
Sphincter between stomach and duodenum.
Pyloric
Sphincter between small and large intestine.
Ileocecal
Sphincter between anus and outside
Anal
4 types of teeth
Incisors, canines, molars, bicuspids
Secretes lingual lipase, functions to manipulate food, dorsal surface covered by papillae.
Tongue
3 pair of salivary glands
Parotids, sublinguals, submandibular
Mastication of food to form a bolus.
Mechanical digestion
Common passageway for both the GI and respiratory tract.
Pharynx
Contractions that propels food from one portion of the digestive tract to another.
Peristalsis
Connects pharynx to stomach, passes through diaphragm.
Esophagus
Occurs when cardiac sphincter at base does not close. Hydrochloric acid from stomach then splashes back into esophagus.
Heartburn
5 parts of the stomach
Cardia, fundus, body, pyloris, pyloric sphincter
Viscous, highly acidic, soupy mixture of partially digested food.
Chyme
Smallest part of stomach. Helps protect the esophagus from the acid. Contains mucous glands.
Cardia
Portion of stomach superior to the junction between the stomach and esophagus.
Fundus
The largest region of the stomach. Acts as a mixing tank for ingested food. Gastric glands produce acid.
Body
Forms sharp part of the J. Divided into an antron and canal.
Pylorus
Most of the digestive tract is lined by ___________ epithelium.
Simple columnar