Chapter 26 Male Reproductive System Flashcards
Pelvic girdle
ilium, ischium, pubis, sacrum, coccyx
Pubic symphysis cartilage?
fibrocartilage
Sacroiliac joint cartilage?
synovial
False pelvis
bowel, full bladder, pregnant uterus
True pelvis
colon, bladder, vagina/uterus
external iliac arteries
don’t supply pelvic contents
internal iliac arteries
visceral branches to bladder, uterus, vagina, rectum
Hemorrhoids
varices of the rectal veins
-formed after prolonged pressure on rectal walls
Pelvic diaphragm
- voluntary control (pudendal nerve)
- includes and stabilizes GI/UG external sphincters
- easily injured
Kegel exercises
tones pelvic floor muscles, relieves many urinary difficulties, eases birthing process
Somatic motor
contraction the pelvic floor
Somatic sensory
cervix, vagina, skin of perineum, external genitalia
Pelvic parasympathetic n.s.
- peristalsis: descending colon > rectum
- dilation of blood vessels in erectile tissues
Sacral sympathetic n.s.
- reduce peristalsis and contract internal urethral sphincter
- initiate ejaculation, reflexive contraction of pelvic floor
Pudendum
external genital organs
Perineum
space below pelvic diaphragm
Meiosis
formation of haploid cells (gametes)
Descent of the gonads
- develop high in abdominal cavity
- gonads drag arteries/ veins into pelvis (@ 6-10 weeks) 28 weeks
- testicles continue through the inguinal canal into scrotum
Spermatic cord
testicular NAVL + ductus deferens
Processus vaginalis
pocket of peritoneum (body cavity)
tunica vaginalis
peritoneum on surface of testes
gubernaculum
tethers gonads to perineum
inguinal canal
- passes obliquely
- contents: spermatic cord (males) and round ligament (females)
Indirect inguinal herniation
intestines extrude out through the canal
Direct inguinal herniation
intestines push directly through the abdominal wall
Risks of inguinal herniation
infertility, hemorrhage, necrosis
Testes design flaw
can’t make sperm if hot
Seminferous tubules produce
sperm and testosterone
rete testis reduces to form
epididymis
Testicular veins and arteries
vein wraps around artery to keep cool
Epididymis
- stores sperm and facilitates maturation
- recycles damaged/unused sperm
Vas deferens
carries maturing sperm to ejaculatory duct
Vasectomy
- transection of the ductus deferens
- prevents sperm from becoming part of the ejaculate
Testicular cancer
- less common than ovarian
- remove testicle
Variocele
- varicosity of the plexus
- may result in infertility
Testicular torsion
- distortion of tunica vaginalis
- spermatic cord twisted
Seminal vesicle
- liquefies semen
- secretes fructose to keep sperm alive
Prostate gland
- liquifies semen
- counteracts the acidity of the vagina
- exists as the paraurethral glands in females
Prostate hyperplasia
distorts floor of bladder = bladder feels full but cannot be fully emptied
infection of static urine spreads into urinary tract
Carcinoma of the prostate gland
TURP procedure = trans-urethral resection of prostate
Brachytherapy
radioactive seed implantation
Bulbourethral gland
alkaline lubricative fluid
Scrotum
- evaporative cooler for testis
- pampiniform plexus, cremaster m
Pampiniform plexus
countercurrent heat exchange
cremaster muscle
encloses spermatic cord & scrotum
cremasteric reflex
temperature control
Penis
2 corpora cavernosa + 1 corpus spongiosum
How is each corpus attached to pubis?
via crus
Which muscle surrounds each crus?
ischiocavernosus m.
Corpus spongiosum
- expanded bulb at proximal end
- bulbospongiosus m. surrounds bulb and corpus
- contraction helps expel urine/semen from urethra
Deep fascia
binds corpora & muscles together
Prepuce
(foreskin) extends over the glans
Sperm pathway
Seminiferous tubules > efferent ducts > epididymis > ductus deferens > prostatic > membranous > penile urethrae > external urethral orifice
ductus deferens pathway
spermatic cord > inguinal canal > above and behind bladder > forms ampulla near ejaculatory duct
Ejaculatory duct =
ductus deferens + duct of seminal vesicle
gonads are develop from the same tissues as?
kidneys
