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Anatomy > Chapter 20 Ear > Flashcards

Chapter 20 Ear Flashcards

1
Q

Pinna (auricle)

A

functions to collect sound

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2
Q

Primary parts of ear

A

helix (rim) & tragus

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3
Q

Skin of auditory canal innervated by…

A

CN X

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4
Q

In auditory canal?

A
  • ceruminous glands
  • sebaceous glands
  • hairs
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5
Q

Tympanic membrane

A
  • ear drum

- 2 layers

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6
Q

External auditory canal

A

cartilage + meatus (bone)

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7
Q

TMD=

A

TMJ dysfunction (shared nerves)

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8
Q

Middle ear

A

outer ear/ear drum + pharynx + mastoid sinus + inner ear

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9
Q

Squamous portion

A

thin

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10
Q

Petrosal portion

A

massive

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11
Q

What is stretched across external auditory canal?

A

ear drum

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12
Q

Auditory ossicles

A

malleus, incus, stapes

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13
Q

What do the auditory ossicles do?

A

carry vibrations from ear drum > oval window

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14
Q

Tensor tympani muscle attaches to…

A

malleus

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15
Q

Stapedius muscle attaches to…

A

stapes

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16
Q

Tympanic reflex

A
  • tension on ear drum

- stapedius “locks-down” the ossicular chain= dampens loud sounds

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17
Q

Auditory (eustachian) tube

A
  • connects middle-ear to pharynx

- equalizes pressure across tympanic membrane

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18
Q

Inflammation to the auditory tube

A
  • infectious material trapped in middle ear
  • fluid builds up and pressure
  • threatens ear drum & hearing/balance
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19
Q

Change in pressure =

A

change in altitude

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20
Q

Myringotomy

A
  • tubes that perforate the ear drum

- releases fluid from middle ear

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21
Q

Labyrinthitis

A

infection of inner ear

22
Q

Embryo jaw muscle & nerve

A

tympani m. V3

23
Q

Adult jaw muscle & nerve

A

Masseter, etc V3

24
Q

Hyoid arch muscle & nerve

A

stapedius m. VII

25
Q

Osseous labyrinth

A
  • -boney canals in petrous portion of the temporal bone

- membranous labyrinth is housed w/in the boney labyrinth

26
Q

Membranous labyrinth

A

-hollow tubes within osseous labyrinth

27
Q

Endolymph

A

fills each canal/chamber

28
Q

Perilymph

A

space btw oss. & memb. labyrinths

29
Q

Hair cell

A
  • hearing & equilibrium
  • located throughout membranous labyrinth
  • vibration/movement of stereocilia = signal (VIII)
30
Q

Ampullae

A
  • swelling at base of canal

- hair cells aligned in ridge = crista

31
Q

Cupula

A
  • tips of hair cells embedded in gel

- distorted by endolymph movement = sensitive to changes in position

32
Q

Sound

A

vibration of air molecules

33
Q

High-pitched tones

A
  • high frequency
  • short wave-lengths travel short distances
  • pin-drop
34
Q

Low-pitched tones

A
  • low frequency
  • long wave-length travel long distances
  • truck
35
Q

Hearing ability

A

determined by body size

36
Q

Cochlea

A

Region of inner ear responsible for hearing

37
Q

Cochlear duct

A
  • coiled tube resembling a snail’s shell

- part of the membranous labyrinth

38
Q

Basal membrane

A

floor of cochlear duct

39
Q

Cochlear duct lies btw two other ducts

A

vestibular duct & tympanic duct

40
Q

Vestibular duct

A
  • oval window to the helicotrema

- filled with perilymph

41
Q

Tympanic duct

A
  • helicotrema to the round window

- filled with perilymph

42
Q

Helicotrema

A
  • helical extremity

- tip of cochlea

43
Q

Oval window membrane

A

vestibular duct

44
Q

round window

A

tympanic duct

45
Q

Organ of Corti

A
  • auditory receptor
  • tips of hair cells in contact with tectorial membranes
  • signal > cochlear part of CN VIII
46
Q

Sound transduction

A
  1. sound vibrates the ear drum which vibrates ossicles
  2. stapes oscillates within the oval window
  3. membrane vibrates the perilymph in vestibular duct
  4. vibrations go around helicotrema into tympanic duct
  5. pressure causes round window to bulge outwards
47
Q

Perilymph in vest/tymp ducts…

A

distorts the basal membrane

48
Q

Problem with hair-cells

A

generic in size, shape, and function

49
Q

Place-theory

A
  • sweet-spot along BM

- combination of wave-length/location= sound

50
Q

Basilar membrane is ribbon-like

A
  • thick/stiff at the base

- thin/floppy @ helicotrema

51
Q

High pitch/short wavelengths/short distance

A

base of BM

52
Q

Low pitch/long wavelength/long distance

A

tip of BM

Anatomy (12 decks)

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