Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy > Chapter 19 Opticals > Flashcards

Chapter 19 Opticals Flashcards

1
Q

Fibrous Tunic

A
  • sclera (white)

- cornea (transparent)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Vascular Tunic

A
  • choroid
  • ciliary body
  • iris
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Neural Tunic

A

retina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What keeps muscles in the eye in place?

A

lots of fat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Three tunics form the ‘globe’ of the eye:

A

fibrous, vascular, neural

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Sclera

A
  • attachment site for extrinsic eye muscles

- elastic/mechanical support

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What does the cornea bulge do?

A

refracts light before it hits lens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Choroid

A

-vascular = helps nourish retina
-black pigmentation absorbs “stray” light
(waffe-like in lab)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Ciliary body

A
  • muscle & ligaments
  • smooth muscle (radial and sphincter-like fibers)
  • suspensory “ligament” of the lens
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Iris

A
  • color of eye
  • smooth muscles (radial and sphincter-like) fibers
  • muscle contraction = diameter of pupil
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What fills the anterior cavity?

A

aqueous humor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

aqueous humor

A
  • produced by the ciliary process
  • returned to blood supply via the Canal of Schlemm
  • helps control intra-ocular pressure
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What fills the posterior cavity?

A

vitreous humor (gel-like)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

vitreous humor

A

helps maintain shape of eyeball

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Suspensory ligament

A
  • barrier btw ant/post cavities

- lens is suspended btw layers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Glaucoma

A
  • circulation of aqueous humor is blocked (disease of anterior cavity)
  • increased pressure > damage to optic nerve
  • edema of the cornea > cloudy/grey-green eye
  • associated w/ high blood pressure
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Posterior pigmented layer of the retina

A

-dark pigmentation absorbs stray light

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Anterior ‘neural layer’

A
  • contains 9 layers

- ganglia = integration & preliminary processing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Rods

A
  • light & dark

- cheap to operate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Cones

A
  • color
  • absence =color blindness
  • expensive to operate
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Macula lutea & the Fovea centralis

A
  • center of visual axis
  • contains high conc. of cones
  • sharpest focus
22
Q

Blind spot (optic disk)

A
  • point where optic nerve exits the globe
  • point where blood vessels enter/exit the globe
  • located very close to and medial of the fovea
23
Q

Globe of the eye and the retina

A
  • formed as lateral diverticula of the diencephalon

- appears to be installed backwards

24
Q

Mechanical limitations

A
  • rod & cones point the wrong way
  • receptors buried behind 9 layers
  • blind-spot where axons & blood vessels leave globe
25
Q

Result of mechanical limitations

A

70% of the image is lost (only 30% efficient)

26
Q

Pineal gland

A
  • tied to light reception: diurnal behavior patterns
  • tied to sleeping & melatonin
  • seat of the soul
27
Q

Why do eyes turn red w/ flash?

A

bc of so many blood vessels in the back of the eye

28
Q

Gray matter

A

rods/cones - deep layer

29
Q

White matter

A

vasc/ganglia - superficial layer

30
Q

Iris (CN III):

A
  • antagonist muscles
  • sympathetic stimulation > dilation of pupil
  • parasympathetic stimulation > contraction of pupil
31
Q

Ciliary muscle (CN III)

A
  • contraction affects how lens is stretched

- shape of lens affects where eye focuses

32
Q

Do ciliary muscles pull on suspensory ligaments?

A

NOO

33
Q

Lens

A
  • suspended from sclera by suspensory ligament

- no BV’s present

34
Q

Photic sneeze reflex

A

-parasym. tries to close eye to limit light connected w/ nose so believes something in nose

35
Q

Accommodation

A
  • ability to focus

- requires change in lens shape

36
Q

Close objects

A
  • parasympathetic

- ciliary muscles contract, ligaments sag, & lens bulges

37
Q

Far objects

A
  • sympathetic

- ciliary muscles relax, ligaments tighten, & lens thins

38
Q

Can the lens move?

A

no, only change shape

39
Q

Presbyopia

A
  • lens proteins become “stiffer” with old age

- can’t focus on near objects = far-sighted

40
Q

Cataracts

A
  • lens becomes cloudy

- focusing becomes “patchy” across retina

41
Q

Astigmatism

A
  • refractive errors of the cornea

- glases/lenses help w/ correction

42
Q

Levator palpebrae superioris

A

lifts upper eyelid (CN III)

43
Q

Orbicularis oculi

A

closes both eyelids (CN VII)

44
Q

Palpebrae

A

upper & lower eyelids

45
Q

Caruncle

A

lacrimal

46
Q

Canthi

A

medial near caruncle & lateral canthus

-corner

47
Q

Conjunctiva

A
  • skin over anterior surface of eye

- pink-eye

48
Q

Lacrimal gland

A
  • superolateral corner of orbit

- wash, moisten, minimize friction

49
Q

Lacrimal apparatus

A

-tears are squeezed into medial canthus with each blink

50
Q

How tears drain?

A

lacrimal puncta > lacrimal canaliculi > lacrimal sac > nasolacrimal duct > nasal cavity

51
Q

Trochlea

A

sling of CT for superior oblique muscle

Anatomy (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions