Chapter 25 Urinary System

Question 1

Organs not suspended by mesentery =

Answer 1

retroperitoneal

Question 2

Homeostatic functions of kidneys

Answer 2

• correct balance of ions
• assists in PH balance
• regulates BP by adjusting blood volume

Question 3

Complicated filter mechanism of kidney

Answer 3

• retain valuable nutrients

- excrete nitrogenous wastes (urea, uric acid, toxions, drugs)

Question 4

Filtrate from kidneys >

Answer 4

ureters > urinary bladder > urethra

Question 5

Kidneys

Answer 5

• posterior wall
• surrounded by renal capsule and adipose tissue
• retroperitoneal

Question 6

Peritoneal organs

Answer 6

• stomach
• ileum and jejunum
• transverse colon

Question 7

2’ retroperitoneal (not mobile) organs

Answer 7

• duodenum and pancreas

- ascending/descending colon

Question 8

1’ Retroperitoneal

Answer 8

• urogenital organs

- aorta/vena cava

Question 9

Renal Sinus

Answer 9

fat-filled depression around hilus

Question 10

kidneys are ‘segmented’ (lobes)

Answer 10

renal pyramid + renal papilla + minor calyx

Question 11

Lobes separated by renal columns

Answer 11

• cortical tissue

- path for renal a/v from hilus to cortex

Question 12

Renal Blood Vessels pathway

Answer 12

Renal a. > segmental a.s. > interlobar a.s. > arcuate a.s. > cortical radiate a.s. > afferent arterioles > glomerulus > efferent arteriole > peritubular > venules > interlobular v. > arcuate v. > interlobar v. > renal v. > IVC > heart

Question 13

Glomerulus reclaims H2O from?

Answer 13

loop of henle

Question 14

Nephron

Answer 14

located in cortex

Question 15

Renal corpuscle (Malpighian corpuscle)

Answer 15

Bowman’s capsule, afferent/efferent arteriole, glomerulus

Question 16

Afferent arteriole

Answer 16

incoming blood from renal a.

Question 17

Efferent arteriole

Answer 17

outgoing blood

Question 18

Podocytes in glomerulus

Answer 18

• critical to nephron function

- bear processes called pedicles

Question 19

Interdigitated pedicles =

Answer 19

coarse filter

Question 20

Proximal convoluted tubule

Answer 20

• collects filtrate from capsular space

- reclamation of some water, all organic nutrient

Question 21

Loop of Henle

Answer 21

• in cortex and medulla

- reclamation of sodium, chloride, water

Question 22

Distal convoluted tubule

Answer 22

secretion of drugs, toxin

Question 23

Collecting duct

Answer 23

• gathers the filtrate from many DCT
• reclaim water
• combine to form renal papilla

Question 24

urine from papillae >

Answer 24

calyces > renal pelvis > ureter

Question 25

Ureters

Answer 25

• transfer urine: renal pelvis > urinary bladder
• retroperitoneal
• active peristalsis

Question 26

Urinary bladder

Answer 26

• 2 layers of muscle (detrusor m)

- retroperitoneal

Question 27

Trigone on floor of urinary bladder

Answer 27

2 ureteral openings and 1 urethral opening

Question 28

Internal urethral sphincter

Answer 28

involuntary

Question 29

External urethral sphincter

Answer 29

voluntary

Question 30

Mesonephric ducts became?

Answer 30

wolffian ducts (males) duplicated into Mullerian ducts (female)

Question 31

Ectopic

Answer 31

wrong place

Question 32

3 regions of urethra in males…

Answer 32

prostatic, membranous, penile

Question 33

Urethra is short in females result?

Answer 33

UTI

Question 34

Urogenital system: urinary + reproductive systems

Answer 34

shared development

Question 35

Pyelogram

Answer 35

X-ray image of kidneys

Question 36

Nephrolithiasis

Answer 36

renal calculi (kidney stones)
-Ca/Mg salts (uric acid crystals > blockage of ureters)

Question 37

Diuretics

Answer 37

drugs that promote fluid loss in the urine

Question 38

Hematuria

Answer 38

blood loss in urine

Question 39

Proteinuria

Answer 39

protein loss in urine

Question 40

Dysuria

Answer 40

painful urination