Chapter 16 Cranial Nerves Flashcards
Bell’s Palsy
- regional paralysis of facial musculature
- sense of taste lost
Somatic Afferent (sensory)
skin, skeletal muscle, joint, etc. to the CNS
Somatic Efferent (motor)
CNS to the skin, skeletal muscle, etc.
Visceral Afferent (sensory)
blood vessels, guts, lungs, etc. to the CNS
Visceral Efferent (motor)
CNS to gut, blood vessels, lungs, etc.
Trigeminal Neuralgia
- neuropathic disorder
- intense facial pain
- high rate of suicide
sympathetic division
fight/flight
Para-sympathetic divison
rest/digest
Organ function?
balance between sym-/para-sympathetic stimulation
Pre-ganglionic fiber
send
Post-ganglionic fiber
receive
Sympathetic fibers
pre and post are same length
Parasympathetic fibers
pre is longer than post fiber
Sympathetic Nervous System
- mental alertness + increased metabolism
- increased respiratory rate + heart rate
- activation of sweat glands
- stops urinary & digestive functions
- stops bloody supply to urinary & digestive organs
- active in intercourse
Acetylcholine (ACh)
pre-ganglionic neurotransmitter
Norepinephrine
post-ganglionic neurotransmitter
Acetylcholine characteristics
- short-acting
- parasympathetic responses are of short duration
- system easily turned “off”
Norepinephrine characteristics
- kinda related in adrenaline
- long-acting
Parasympathetic Nervous System
- decreases metabolism
- decreases respiratory rate & heart rate
- activates salivary & digestive glands
- increases blood supply to urinary & digestive organs
- increase GI activity, urination & defecation
- sexual arousal
Parasympathetic ganglia
ganglia are located at or near their targets
Which fibers utilize acetylcholine?
both pre and post
Homeostasis
integration of both nervous & endocrine systems
Nervous system
short-term affects with immediate recovery
Endocrine system
- via chemical messengers = hormone via blood supply
- widespread, systemic affects
- long term affects with slow recovery
Hormone activity
- endocrine glands have abundant capillary beds
- hormones enter blood stream - circulate through body
- broken down in liver or by enzymes
- filtered by kidneys
Hormones directly alter cellular function:
- penetrate cell & entering cell nucleus
- attach to specific DNA segments
- stimulate new protein/enzyme synthesis
Trigeminal ganglion like…
dorsal root ganglion
Geniculate ganglion
muscles of facial expression glands lubricate holes in face
