1. Transport of O2 & CO2 and nutrients 2. Transport if hormones to target organs 3. Transport of wastes to kidney/lungs 4. Regulate blood pH and electrolyte composition 5. defend against pathogens (wbcs) 6. Restrict blood loss through injury sites 7. Stabilizes body temp

- 55% - non-cellular fluid matrix - water, electrolytes, nutrients, metabolic wastes

- poor O2 delivery - low #RBC's= low hematocrit

- intercalary discs relay action potentials - branched/meshwork

- 2x layered membrane - inner layer: parietal pericardium - outer layer: parietal pleura

- single nucleus - striated - branched

- coronary sinus - pectinate muscles - R. atrioventricular valve (tricuspid)

- R. atrioventricular valve (tricuspid) - R. Pulmonary semilunar valve - pulmonary trunk - thin wall

- 4 pulmonary veins - pectinate muscles - L atrioventricular valve (bicuspid)

- thick wall - L. atrioventricular valve (bicuspid) - L. aortic semilunar valve - aorta

Chapter 21 Cardiovascular System Flashcards by Margaret Alleven

Functions of blood

Transport of O2 & CO2 and nutrients
Transport if hormones to target organs
Transport of wastes to kidney/lungs
Regulate blood pH and electrolyte composition
defend against pathogens (wbcs)
Restrict blood loss through injury sites
Stabilizes body temp

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Blood composition

plasma, plasma proteins, formed elements

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Plasma

55%
non-cellular fluid matrix
water, electrolytes, nutrients, metabolic wastes

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Plasma Proteins

transport hormones, lipids and is framework for clots

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Platelets

cell-fragments that aid blood clotting

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Anemia

poor O2 delivery

- low #RBC’s= low hematocrit

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Myocardium

intercalary discs relay action potentials

- branched/meshwork

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Endocardium

elastic & collagenous fibers

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Membranes on heart

serous

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Pericardial sac

2x layered membrane
inner layer: parietal pericardium
outer layer: parietal pleura

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Cardiac Muscle

single nucleus
striated
branched

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Mediastinum

space btw lungs that contains esophagus, trachea, great vessels, NAVL’s, and heart

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Pericardial Cavity

space btw parietal & visceral pericardia

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Cardiac tamponade

pericardial cavity fills w/ blood and pressure builds up

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Right Atrium

coronary sinus
pectinate muscles
R. atrioventricular valve (tricuspid)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Right Ventricle

R. atrioventricular valve (tricuspid)
R. Pulmonary semilunar valve
pulmonary trunk
thin wall

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Left Atrium

4 pulmonary veins
pectinate muscles
L atrioventricular valve (bicuspid)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Pectinate Muscles

on lateral wall of each auricle

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Left Ventricle

thick wall
L. atrioventricular valve (bicuspid)
L. aortic semilunar valve
aorta

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Papillary muscles

anchors chordae tendineae

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Trabeculae Carneae

on ventricular walls and helps prevent sloshing

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

R. Atrioventricular Valve

tricuspid

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

L. Atrioventicular Valve

bicuspid

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

R. Semilunar Valve

pulmonary

L. Semilunar Valve

aortic

High BP, Low O2

Lung

High O2, Low BP

L. Ventricle

High BP, High O2

Body

Valves DON'T

actively open and close

Bad Seal?

back-flow (regurgitation)

Regurgitation

gurgling/fluttering sound= murmur

Most valve problems?

Atrioventricular valves

Mitral Valve prolapse

- failure of chords/papillary muscles to stabilize bicuspid valve - valve goes into a different chamber

Systole

- contraction of the myocardium | - injects blood

Diastole

- relaxation of the myocardium | - blood flows

AV valves slam shut

lubb

Semilunar valves slam shut

dupp

Heart murmur

mechanical failure of a heart valve

Sino-atrial (SA) node

- medial wall of the right atrium | - pacemaker (nodal) cells are responsible for heart rate

Atrioventricular (AV) node

-connected to the SA-node

AV bundle (Bundle of His)

- runs from the AV-node through the inter-ventricular septum - purkinje fibers branch then out into ventricular walls

Heart slowed:

parasympathetic ANS (acetylcholine)

Heart accelerated:

sympathetic ANS (norepinephrine)

Angina pectoris

referred pain associated with a heart attack

Embolus

drifting clot in the circulation

Embolism

blockage due to the clot

Coronary ischemia

restricted blood supply to myocardium

Myocardial infarction

localized cell death in myocardium

Infarction

tissue death due to blockage

Electrical flow

SA Node -> AV Node -> AV Bundle -> Purkinje fibers

Norepinephrine

accelerates

Acetylcholine

slows

First branches off of Aorta...

R&L coronary arteries

Right coronary artery

- anterior ventricular a. - marginal a. - posterior interventricular a.

Left coronary artery

- anterior interventricular a. - circumflex branch - left marginal a. - posterior ventricular a.

Anterior side venous drainage

- great cardiac v. | - anterior cardiac v.

Posterior side venous drainage

- posterior cardiac v. | - middle cardiac v.

Coronary Sinus

- cardiac veins combine to form the coronary sinus | - drains to R. Atrium