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Anatomy > Chapter 21 Cardiovascular System > Flashcards

Chapter 21 Cardiovascular System Flashcards

1
Q

Functions of blood

A
  1. Transport of O2 & CO2 and nutrients
  2. Transport if hormones to target organs
  3. Transport of wastes to kidney/lungs
  4. Regulate blood pH and electrolyte composition
  5. defend against pathogens (wbcs)
  6. Restrict blood loss through injury sites
  7. Stabilizes body temp
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2
Q

Blood composition

A

plasma, plasma proteins, formed elements

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3
Q

Plasma

A
  • 55%
  • non-cellular fluid matrix
  • water, electrolytes, nutrients, metabolic wastes
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4
Q

Plasma Proteins

A

transport hormones, lipids and is framework for clots

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5
Q

Platelets

A

cell-fragments that aid blood clotting

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6
Q

Anemia

A
  • poor O2 delivery

- low #RBC’s= low hematocrit

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7
Q

Myocardium

A
  • intercalary discs relay action potentials

- branched/meshwork

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8
Q

Endocardium

A

elastic & collagenous fibers

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9
Q

Membranes on heart

A

serous

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10
Q

Pericardial sac

A
  • 2x layered membrane
  • inner layer: parietal pericardium
  • outer layer: parietal pleura
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11
Q

Cardiac Muscle

A
  • single nucleus
  • striated
  • branched
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12
Q

Mediastinum

A

space btw lungs that contains esophagus, trachea, great vessels, NAVL’s, and heart

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13
Q

Pericardial Cavity

A

space btw parietal & visceral pericardia

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14
Q

Cardiac tamponade

A

pericardial cavity fills w/ blood and pressure builds up

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15
Q

Right Atrium

A
  • coronary sinus
  • pectinate muscles
  • R. atrioventricular valve (tricuspid)
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16
Q

Right Ventricle

A
  • R. atrioventricular valve (tricuspid)
  • R. Pulmonary semilunar valve
  • pulmonary trunk
  • thin wall
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17
Q

Left Atrium

A
  • 4 pulmonary veins
  • pectinate muscles
  • L atrioventricular valve (bicuspid)
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18
Q

Pectinate Muscles

A

on lateral wall of each auricle

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19
Q

Left Ventricle

A
  • thick wall
  • L. atrioventricular valve (bicuspid)
  • L. aortic semilunar valve
  • aorta
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20
Q

Papillary muscles

A

anchors chordae tendineae

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21
Q

Trabeculae Carneae

A

on ventricular walls and helps prevent sloshing

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22
Q

R. Atrioventricular Valve

A

tricuspid

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23
Q

L. Atrioventicular Valve

A

bicuspid

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24
Q

R. Semilunar Valve

25
Q

L. Semilunar Valve

26
Q

High BP, Low O2

27
Q

High O2, Low BP

A

L. Ventricle

28
Q

High BP, High O2

29
Q

Valves DON’T

A

actively open and close

30
Q

Bad Seal?

A

back-flow (regurgitation)

31
Q

Regurgitation

A

gurgling/fluttering sound= murmur

32
Q

Most valve problems?

A

Atrioventricular valves

33
Q

Mitral Valve prolapse

A
  • failure of chords/papillary muscles to stabilize bicuspid valve
  • valve goes into a different chamber
34
Q

Systole

A
  • contraction of the myocardium

- injects blood

35
Q

Diastole

A
  • relaxation of the myocardium

- blood flows

36
Q

AV valves slam shut

37
Q

Semilunar valves slam shut

38
Q

Heart murmur

A

mechanical failure of a heart valve

39
Q

Sino-atrial (SA) node

A
  • medial wall of the right atrium

- pacemaker (nodal) cells are responsible for heart rate

40
Q

Atrioventricular (AV) node

A

-connected to the SA-node

41
Q

AV bundle (Bundle of His)

A
  • runs from the AV-node through the inter-ventricular septum
  • purkinje fibers branch then out into ventricular walls
42
Q

Heart slowed:

A

parasympathetic ANS (acetylcholine)

43
Q

Heart accelerated:

A

sympathetic ANS (norepinephrine)

44
Q

Angina pectoris

A

referred pain associated with a heart attack

45
Q

Embolus

A

drifting clot in the circulation

46
Q

Embolism

A

blockage due to the clot

47
Q

Coronary ischemia

A

restricted blood supply to myocardium

48
Q

Myocardial infarction

A

localized cell death in myocardium

49
Q

Infarction

A

tissue death due to blockage

50
Q

Electrical flow

A

SA Node -> AV Node -> AV Bundle -> Purkinje fibers

51
Q

Norepinephrine

A

accelerates

52
Q

Acetylcholine

53
Q

First branches off of Aorta…

A

R&L coronary arteries

54
Q

Right coronary artery

A
  • anterior ventricular a.
  • marginal a.
  • posterior interventricular a.
55
Q

Left coronary artery

A
  • anterior interventricular a.
  • circumflex branch
  • left marginal a.
  • posterior ventricular a.
56
Q

Anterior side venous drainage

A
  • great cardiac v.

- anterior cardiac v.

57
Q

Posterior side venous drainage

A
  • posterior cardiac v.

- middle cardiac v.

58
Q

Coronary Sinus

A
  • cardiac veins combine to form the coronary sinus

- drains to R. Atrium

Anatomy (12 decks)

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