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Anatomy > Chapter 22 Cardiovascular System > Flashcards

Chapter 22 Cardiovascular System Flashcards

1
Q

Arteries always…

A

divide

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2
Q

Veins always…

A

combine

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3
Q

3 layers of blood vessels

A
  1. Tunica interna
  2. Tunica media
  3. Tunica externa
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4
Q

Tunica interna

A

thin endothelium

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5
Q

Tunica media

A
  • smooth muscle

- adjust BV diameter

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6
Q

Tunica externa

A

CT sheath around outside of vessel

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7
Q

Arteries

A
  • away

- convoluted to help w/ blood flow

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8
Q

Veins

A

To

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9
Q

Arteries

A

-round, thick walls

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10
Q

Tunica interna for arteries

A

internal elastic membrane

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11
Q

Tunica externa for arteries

A

collagen and elastic fibers

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12
Q

Veins

A

not always round, thin walls

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13
Q

Tunica interna for veins

A

smooth walls, no elastic membrane

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14
Q

Tunica media for veins

A

thin muscle layer

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15
Q

Tunica media for arteries

A

thick muscle layer

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16
Q

Tunica externa for veins

A

collagen and few elastic fibers

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17
Q

Lymphatics

A
  • return lymph (interstitial fluid) to heart

- very thin-walled vessels with small valves

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18
Q

Most blood in?

A

skin, gut, liver, veins

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19
Q

Vasoconstriction (ANS)

A

decrease in diameter

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20
Q

Vasodilation (ANS)

A
  • increase in diameter

- passive

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21
Q

Sympathetic response

A
  • vasodilation of cap. beds in muscles

- vasoconstriction of cap. beds in gut

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22
Q

Parasympathetic response

A

-vasodilation of cap. beds in gut

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23
Q

damage in heart

A

fills up with plaque

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24
Q

Arteriosclerosis

A

abnormal thickening/rigidity of arteries

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25
Q

Aneurysm

A

bulge (dilation) in weakened arterial wall

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26
Q

Arteriosclerotic vascular disease

A
  • vascular inflammatory response

- build-up of lipoproteins/cholesterol

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27
Q

Ischemia

A

restricted blood supply to an organ

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28
Q

Cerebrovascular accident

A
  • stroke

- hemorrhagic or ischemic

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29
Q

Varicose veins

A

veins swollen/distorted by valve failure & lose elasticity

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30
Q

Hemorrhoids

A

varicose veins of the rectum & anus

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31
Q

Back of arm superficial vein

A

cephalic

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32
Q

Inside of arm superficial vein

A

basilic vein

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33
Q

elbow pit superficial vein

A

median cubital

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34
Q

anterior medial leg superficial vein

A

great saphenous

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35
Q

lateral leg superficial vein

A

small saphenous

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36
Q

What separates thoracic aorta from abdominal aorta?

A

diaphragm

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37
Q

Branches off of aorta R->

A

Brachiocephalic, carotid, subclavian

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38
Q

Stent

A

tube in vessel to create normal diameter

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39
Q

Coronary Artery Bypass Graft

A
  • existing & transplanted arteries

- help reinstate blood flow

40
Q

Dissection of vessel

A

inside membrane rips and decreases diameter

41
Q

Collateral arteries

A
  • to side

- redundant vascular supply

42
Q

Skin & muscles on head supplied by…

A

external carotid a.

43
Q

Brain tissue supplied by…

A
  • internal carotid a.

- vertebral a.

44
Q

What branches off subclavian arteries?

A

vertebral a.

45
Q

Arterial Circle aka Circle of Willis

A
  • encircles pituitary gland
  • formed by: internal carotid a. & basilar a.
  • distribution ‘hub’
  • important pharmaceutical/physiological properties
46
Q

Vascular anastomoses

A

connected vessel (repair)

47
Q

Neural tissue must be isolated from general circulation

A

circulating chemicals have disruptive effects

48
Q

Astrocytes (neuroglia) & endothelial cells

A
  • restricted permeability

- control chemical exchange btw brain & blood

49
Q

Capillaries of the choroid plexus

A

permeable: secretion of CSF

50
Q

Capillaries in hypothalamus & epithalamus

A

permeable: secretion of hormones into circulation

51
Q

Dural sinuses drain to…

A

internal jugular veins

52
Q

Blood from brain stem drains to…

A

vertebral veins

53
Q

Scalp, skin, muscles drain to…

A

external jugular vein

54
Q

Brachiocephalic v.

A

vertebral + jugular + subclavian

55
Q

brachiocephalic veins & arteries

A

2 brachiocephalic veins

1 brachiocephalic artery

56
Q

Celiac Trunk: Cowboys Love Sex

A
  • hepatic a. > liver
  • left gastric a. > stomach
  • splenic a. > spleen, 1/2 pancreas
57
Q

Superior Mesenteric Artery: MRI

A
  • middle colic a. > transverse colon
  • right colic a. > ascending colon
  • intestinal a. > 1/2 pancreas, small intestine, appendix
58
Q

Inferior Mesenteric Artery: Liquor Stings Rectum

A
  • left colic a. > descending colon
  • sigmoidal a. > sigmoid colon
  • rectal a. > rectum
59
Q

Portal vein

A
  • vessel btw 2 capillary beds

- sends oxygen-deficient blood to liver for filtration

60
Q

Hepatic Portal System

A
  1. Liver receives blood from two sources:
    - celiac a. > common hepatic a. > proper hepatic a.
  2. Liver filters/modifies substances in the blood
  3. Liver is drained by hepatic v. to inferior vena cava
61
Q

Hepatic Portal Vein

A
  • nutrient-laden blood in GI tract

- oxygen-deficient

62
Q

Large intestine=

63
Q

Fetal circulation

A
  • lungs are non-functional
  • liver/kidneys are somewhat functional
  • digestive tract has nothing to digest
64
Q

Placenta

A

extraordinary mass of capillary beds

65
Q

Foramen Ovale (shunt)

A
  • interatrial septum

- reduces amount of blood passing to RV

66
Q

Ductus Arteriosus (shunt)

A
  • btw pulmonary trunk & aorta

- blood in RV sent into aorta

67
Q

Blood flow in fetal circulation

A

internal iliac a > umbilical a. > placenta

68
Q

Ductus Venosus (shunt)

A
  • bypasses fetal liver

- sends to inferior vena cava

69
Q

Ductus Venosus turns into…

A

ligamentum venosum

70
Q

Ductus Arteriosus turns into…

A

Ligamentum arteriosum

71
Q

Foramen Ovale turns into…

A

Fossa ovalis

72
Q

Pulmonary veins & umbilical vein carries

A

oxygenated blood

73
Q

How long does it take for shunts to close?

74
Q

Foramen ovale & Ductus arteriosus doesn’t close?

75
Q

Coarctation of the aorta

A
  • aorta (not ductus arteriosus) closes

- critical to develop collateral circulation

76
Q

Tetralogy of Fallot

A
  • pulmonary stenosis (is too small)
  • right ventricular hypertrophy (is too big)
  • ventricular septal defect
  • a large aorta over-rides both R/L ventricles
77
Q

Functions of the lymphatic system

A
  • lymphocytes
  • return interstitial fluid from tissues to the blood
  • maintain osmotic balance in peripheral tissues
78
Q

Lymphopoiesis

A

production of lymphocytes

-bone marrow, thymus, peripheral lymphoid tissues

79
Q

Lymphoid organs

A

tonsils, spleen, GALT, thymus, lymph nodes

80
Q

Lymphatic vessels

A

lymphatic capillaries

81
Q

Lymph

A

fluid similar to plasma but with fewer proteins

82
Q

Neurovascular bundle

A

artery, vein, lymphatic, nerve

83
Q

Lymphatic Vessels

A
  • larger

- valves

84
Q

Right lymphatic duct drains…

A

the right arm, shoulder, and head

85
Q

Left lymphatic duct drains

A

everything else

86
Q

R&L lymphatic ducts

A

return lymph to R&L subclavian veins

87
Q

Edema

A

abnormal accumulation of fluid in peripheral tissues

88
Q

Conotruncus

A

aorta & pulmonary twists

89
Q

Lymph Nodes

A
  • small, widespread
  • filtering system for circulating lymph
  • location of fixed macrophages
90
Q

Tonsils

A
  • encircle opening to the resp/dig systems
  • 3
  • identify pathogens from inspired air/ ingested food
91
Q

Pharyngeal (adenoids)

A

roof of nasopharynx

92
Q

Palatine (x2)

A

sides of mouth at the rear of the oral cavity

93
Q

Lingual

A

at root of tongue

94
Q

Spleen

A
  • largest lymphoid mass
  • removes abnormal RBCS/WBCS
  • stores iron from recycled RBC
  • initiate immune responses by B & T cells
95
Q

GALT (Gut-Associated Lymphoid Tissue)

A
  • immune response within GI tract

- Peyer’s patches (lymphoid nodules) in lining of small intestine

Anatomy (12 decks)

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