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Anatomy > Chapter 22 Cardiovascular System > Flashcards

Chapter 22 Cardiovascular System Flashcards

1
Q

Arteries always…

A

divide

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2
Q

Veins always…

A

combine

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3
Q

3 layers of blood vessels

A
  1. Tunica interna
  2. Tunica media
  3. Tunica externa
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4
Q

Tunica interna

A

thin endothelium

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5
Q

Tunica media

A
  • smooth muscle

- adjust BV diameter

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6
Q

Tunica externa

A

CT sheath around outside of vessel

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7
Q

Arteries

A
  • away

- convoluted to help w/ blood flow

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8
Q

Veins

A

To

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9
Q

Arteries

A

-round, thick walls

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10
Q

Tunica interna for arteries

A

internal elastic membrane

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11
Q

Tunica externa for arteries

A

collagen and elastic fibers

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12
Q

Veins

A

not always round, thin walls

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13
Q

Tunica interna for veins

A

smooth walls, no elastic membrane

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14
Q

Tunica media for veins

A

thin muscle layer

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15
Q

Tunica media for arteries

A

thick muscle layer

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16
Q

Tunica externa for veins

A

collagen and few elastic fibers

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17
Q

Lymphatics

A
  • return lymph (interstitial fluid) to heart

- very thin-walled vessels with small valves

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18
Q

Most blood in?

A

skin, gut, liver, veins

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19
Q

Vasoconstriction (ANS)

A

decrease in diameter

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20
Q

Vasodilation (ANS)

A
  • increase in diameter

- passive

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21
Q

Sympathetic response

A
  • vasodilation of cap. beds in muscles

- vasoconstriction of cap. beds in gut

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22
Q

Parasympathetic response

A

-vasodilation of cap. beds in gut

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23
Q

damage in heart

A

fills up with plaque

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24
Q

Arteriosclerosis

A

abnormal thickening/rigidity of arteries

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25
Aneurysm
bulge (dilation) in weakened arterial wall
26
Arteriosclerotic vascular disease
- vascular inflammatory response | - build-up of lipoproteins/cholesterol
27
Ischemia
restricted blood supply to an organ
28
Cerebrovascular accident
- stroke | - hemorrhagic or ischemic
29
Varicose veins
veins swollen/distorted by valve failure & lose elasticity
30
Hemorrhoids
varicose veins of the rectum & anus
31
Back of arm superficial vein
cephalic
32
Inside of arm superficial vein
basilic vein
33
elbow pit superficial vein
median cubital
34
anterior medial leg superficial vein
great saphenous
35
lateral leg superficial vein
small saphenous
36
What separates thoracic aorta from abdominal aorta?
diaphragm
37
Branches off of aorta R->
Brachiocephalic, carotid, subclavian
38
Stent
tube in vessel to create normal diameter
39
Coronary Artery Bypass Graft
- existing & transplanted arteries | - help reinstate blood flow
40
Dissection of vessel
inside membrane rips and decreases diameter
41
Collateral arteries
- to side | - redundant vascular supply
42
Skin & muscles on head supplied by...
external carotid a.
43
Brain tissue supplied by...
- internal carotid a. | - vertebral a.
44
What branches off subclavian arteries?
vertebral a.
45
Arterial Circle aka Circle of Willis
- encircles pituitary gland - formed by: internal carotid a. & basilar a. - distribution 'hub' - important pharmaceutical/physiological properties
46
Vascular anastomoses
connected vessel (repair)
47
Neural tissue must be isolated from general circulation
circulating chemicals have disruptive effects
48
Astrocytes (neuroglia) & endothelial cells
- restricted permeability | - control chemical exchange btw brain & blood
49
Capillaries of the choroid plexus
permeable: secretion of CSF
50
Capillaries in hypothalamus & epithalamus
permeable: secretion of hormones into circulation
51
Dural sinuses drain to...
internal jugular veins
52
Blood from brain stem drains to...
vertebral veins
53
Scalp, skin, muscles drain to...
external jugular vein
54
Brachiocephalic v.
vertebral + jugular + subclavian
55
brachiocephalic veins & arteries
2 brachiocephalic veins | 1 brachiocephalic artery
56
Celiac Trunk: Cowboys Love Sex
- hepatic a. > liver - left gastric a. > stomach - splenic a. > spleen, 1/2 pancreas
57
Superior Mesenteric Artery: MRI
- middle colic a. > transverse colon - right colic a. > ascending colon - intestinal a. > 1/2 pancreas, small intestine, appendix
58
Inferior Mesenteric Artery: Liquor Stings Rectum
- left colic a. > descending colon - sigmoidal a. > sigmoid colon - rectal a. > rectum
59
Portal vein
- vessel btw 2 capillary beds | - sends oxygen-deficient blood to liver for filtration
60
Hepatic Portal System
1. Liver receives blood from two sources: - celiac a. > common hepatic a. > proper hepatic a. 2. Liver filters/modifies substances in the blood 3. Liver is drained by hepatic v. to inferior vena cava
61
Hepatic Portal Vein
- nutrient-laden blood in GI tract | - oxygen-deficient
62
Large intestine=
colon
63
Fetal circulation
- lungs are non-functional - liver/kidneys are somewhat functional - digestive tract has nothing to digest
64
Placenta
extraordinary mass of capillary beds
65
Foramen Ovale (shunt)
- interatrial septum | - reduces amount of blood passing to RV
66
Ductus Arteriosus (shunt)
- btw pulmonary trunk & aorta | - blood in RV sent into aorta
67
Blood flow in fetal circulation
internal iliac a > umbilical a. > placenta
68
Ductus Venosus (shunt)
- bypasses fetal liver | - sends to inferior vena cava
69
Ductus Venosus turns into...
ligamentum venosum
70
Ductus Arteriosus turns into...
Ligamentum arteriosum
71
Foramen Ovale turns into...
Fossa ovalis
72
Pulmonary veins & umbilical vein carries
oxygenated blood
73
How long does it take for shunts to close?
3-months
74
Foramen ovale & Ductus arteriosus doesn't close?
blue baby
75
Coarctation of the aorta
- aorta (not ductus arteriosus) closes | - critical to develop collateral circulation
76
Tetralogy of Fallot
- pulmonary stenosis (is too small) - right ventricular hypertrophy (is too big) - ventricular septal defect - a large aorta over-rides both R/L ventricles
77
Functions of the lymphatic system
- lymphocytes - return interstitial fluid from tissues to the blood - maintain osmotic balance in peripheral tissues
78
Lymphopoiesis
production of lymphocytes | -bone marrow, thymus, peripheral lymphoid tissues
79
Lymphoid organs
tonsils, spleen, GALT, thymus, lymph nodes
80
Lymphatic vessels
lymphatic capillaries
81
Lymph
fluid similar to plasma but with fewer proteins
82
Neurovascular bundle
artery, vein, lymphatic, nerve
83
Lymphatic Vessels
- larger | - valves
84
Right lymphatic duct drains...
the right arm, shoulder, and head
85
Left lymphatic duct drains
everything else
86
R&L lymphatic ducts
return lymph to R&L subclavian veins
87
Edema
abnormal accumulation of fluid in peripheral tissues
88
Conotruncus
aorta & pulmonary twists
89
Lymph Nodes
- small, widespread - filtering system for circulating lymph - location of fixed macrophages
90
Tonsils
- encircle opening to the resp/dig systems - 3 - identify pathogens from inspired air/ ingested food
91
Pharyngeal (adenoids)
roof of nasopharynx
92
Palatine (x2)
sides of mouth at the rear of the oral cavity
93
Lingual
at root of tongue
94
Spleen
- largest lymphoid mass - removes abnormal RBCS/WBCS - stores iron from recycled RBC - initiate immune responses by B & T cells
95
GALT (Gut-Associated Lymphoid Tissue)
- immune response within GI tract | - Peyer's patches (lymphoid nodules) in lining of small intestine

Anatomy (12 decks)

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