Chapter 26-Amniotes

Question 1

What are the 4 tissues present in the amniotic egg and their functions?

Answer 1

1. Amnion-surrounds and protects embryo
2. Allantois-holds waste materials
3. Yolk sac-contains nutrient supply
4. Chorion-allows gas exchange

Question 2

1. Why was the diaphragm important? 2. What are the two vascular circuits and their role? 3. What does the Right Atrium do? 4. Right Ventricle? 5. Left Atrium? 6. Left Ventricle?

Answer 2

1. It allowed amniotes to be able to run and breathe concurrently
2. Pulmonary-moves OPB from heart to lungs and ORB back to heart
   Systemic-moves ORB from heart to rest of body
3. Collects OPB and pumps it to right ventricle
4. Pumps OPB blood to lungs
5. Collects ORB from lungs and pumps it to left ventricle
6. Pumps ORB to lungs

Question 3

1. What are ectotherms? 2. Endotherms?

Answer 3

1. Amniotes that have their body temp controlled by surrounding
2. Amniotes that control their body temp with metabolic heat

Question 4

1. What are oviparous reptiles? 2. Viviparous? 3. Synapsids? 4. Anapsids? 5. Diapsids?

Answer 4

1. Reptiles that deposit eggs in external nest
2. Reptiles that hold eggs in body throughout development
3. Have one hole in temporal region (led to mammals)
4. No holes(turtles)
5. Two holes (gave rise to reptiles and birds)

Question 5

1. What is a Pelycosaur? 2. Icthyosaurs? 3. Plesiosaur? 4. Pterosaurs?

Answer 5

1. Synapsids, sail back lizard like
2. Diapsid, looks like a dolphin
3. 4 limb aquatic animal
4. “Terodactile”

Question 6

What are the 4 groups of reptiles and describe them

Answer 6

1. Turtles-dome of shell=carapace, smooth=plastron
2. Sphenodonts-lizard like diapsids
3. Snakes and lizards-shed skin, flexible jaw, Jacobsin’s organ
4. Crocodilians-semi aquatic, group of archosaurs

Question 7

What are 8 evolutionary traits of birds?

Answer 7

1. Hollow bones with struts
2. Fused collar bones forming the FURCULA
3. Bipedal movement
4. No 4th or 5th fingers
5. Feathers
6. Airfoil-top flows down, bottom flows up=pressure difference
7. Air sacs and furcula movement providing constant supply of ORB
8. Reproductive organs dormant during 9-10 months to limit weight

Question 8

What are 4 evolutionary traits of mammals?

Answer 8

1. Hair
2. Mammary glands-contain milk producing tissues connected to ducts (nipples)
3. Middle ear-stapes, malleus(quadrate), incus (articular)
4. Jaw evolved for chewing

Question 9

How does the sound move in a mammals ear?

Answer 9

Malleus and incus absorb vibrations from ear drum and transfer it to stapes then brain, sound is interpreted to nerve impulses interpreted by the brain

Question 10

What are the 3 classes of mammals and their descriptions?

Answer 10

1. Monotremes-lay eggs (platypus)
2. Marsupials-have placenta in pouch, give early birth and young development occurs in pouch
3. Eutherians-give birth to fully fetal developed animals

Question 11

1. What is an undulated mammal? 2. Artiodactyl?

Answer 11

1. Hooved animal

2. Artiodactyls are a class of mammals and include cows, sheep, and camels.

Question 12

1. What does the Umbilical vein do? 2. Ductus venosis? 3. Hypoxia pulmonary vasoconstriction? 4. Foramen ovale? 5. Ductus arteriosus? 6. Umbilical artery?

Answer 12

1. Brings blood to liver and pulmonary artery
2. Allows blood to go from umbilical vein to inferior vena cava
3. When alveolis in lungs constrict the arteriole vein because there is no oxygen in lungs=increased pressure
4. Allows blood to cross atriums
5. Allows blood to go from pulmonary artery to aorta
6. Brings blood back to placenta