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History > Chapter 26 > Flashcards

Chapter 26 Flashcards

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1
Q

Causes of postwar European tensions:

A
  1. Stalin’s resentment against the West; examples: reparations, aid, atomic bomb
  2. The West’s fears of the Soviets’ commitment to communist expansion and spread of revolution
  3. Political maneuvering at Yalta (Poland, Pacific Theatre, Eastern Europe) and Potsdam (surrender, postwar partition Vietnam at 17th parallel, reparations, Germany)
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2
Q

May, 1946; Churchill delivers his __________ speech

A

“Iron Curtain”

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3
Q

Where did Churchill deliver his “Iron Curtain” speech?

A

Fulton, Missouri

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4
Q

“Iron Curtain”

Acknowledged that Eastern Europe was within the soviet ___________

A

Sphere of influence

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5
Q

Who devised the Containment policy?

A

George Kennan

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6
Q

What did the containment policy state?

A

US must confront the USSR to neutralize their influence

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7
Q

What did the Truman Doctrine state?

A

Commitment of economic, financial, and (if necessary) military aid to countries threaded by “armed minorities or outside pressure”

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8
Q

Chief architects of the Truman Doctrine:

A

Truman

Sec. Of state George Marshall

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9
Q

1947; Truman Doctrine applies successfully in __________ and _________

A

Greece and Turkey

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10
Q

Truman Doctrine

How much money was allocated?

A

$400 Million

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11
Q

What did the Truman Doctrine reflect?

A

Reflected the “domino theory”

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12
Q

1947; What did the U.S. Marshall Plan provide?

A

Provided $13 Billion in aid to Europe

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13
Q

How many nations were helped in the US Marshall Plan?

Who rejected?

A

16 nations helped

USSR and its satellites rejected the help

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14
Q

From when to when did the airlift last?

A

June 27, 1948- May 12, 1948

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14
Q

Who went against who in the shield and sword concept?

A

NATO (1949) v. WARSAW PACT (1955)

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15
Q

1947;What does the National Security act create?

A

The National Security Council, the Defense Department and the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)

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16
Q

1950; What does the NSC-68 report make?

What did it increase?

A

Makes recommendations to improve American capabilities to deter Russian Aggression around the world.
Defense budge Increased greatly cover $40 B per year

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17
Q

1949; Chinese communists led by __________ defeat the nationalists under __________

A

Mao Zedong

Jiang Jeishi

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18
Q

Nationalists flee to the island of _________

A

Taiwan

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19
Q

1950; China signs a treaty with __________

A

The Soviet Union

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20
Q

What was an immediate postwar economic problem?

A

Inflation

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21
Q

How many workers strike in 1946?

A

5 million

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22
Q

Economy recovered by _____

A

1947

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23
Q

African Americans continued to struggle for greater ___________status

A

Socioeconomic and political status

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24
Q

Percent of black voters rose from __-__ in the south during the 40’s

A

2%-12%

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25
Q

What was the breakthrough for African Americans?

A

Truman integrated the armed services in 1948

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26
Q

Who was the first African American in modern era?

A

Jackie Robinson

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27
Q

Who won the Noble Peace Prize and was involved with the UN and civil rights?

A

Ralph Bunche

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28
Q

What did the fair deal include?

A

An increased minimum wage, extended social security benefits and federal funds for housing

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29
Q

Truman battled a conservative Republican congress known as _________

A

“Do nothing” congress

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30
Q

What was the controversial law of the fair deal and why was it controversial?

A

Taft-Harley Act

It passed over Truman’s veto

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31
Q

Fair deal was largely a failure:

A
  1. No national health care program
  2. Little education reform
  3. Civil rights legislation put off
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32
Q

What was the greatest political comeback?

A

1948 presidential election

33
Q

What was the 1948 presidential election campaign slogan for the republicans?

A

“To Err is Truman”

34
Q

Second _________ caused mass hysteria

A

“Red Scare”

35
Q

Truman authorized a loyalty review board; suspected communist were persecuted under _________

A

The Smith Act

36
Q

__________ targeted subversives in Hollywood

A

HUAC

37
Q

What was the penalty for subversives targeted?

A

Black-listing

38
Q

Rosenberg trial focused on spies and gave rise to ____________

A

McCarthyism

39
Q

After WWII Korea was divided at __________

A

The 38th parallel

40
Q

Was North Korea and South Korea a communist or a republic?

A

North Korea- communist

South Korea- republic

41
Q

Who was the leader of North Korea?

A

Kim II Sung

42
Q

Who was the leader of South Korea?

A

Syngman Rhee

43
Q

June, 1950; N. Korean forces invade S. Korea; __________ Votes to send a multinational force to Korea

A

UN Sec. Council

44
Q

Who was the commander of Korean War?

A

Gen. Douglas MacArthur

45
Q

Sept.; _________ landing forces N. Korean retreat

A

Inchon

46
Q

What years did the Korean wars go through?

A

1950-1953

47
Q

African Americans continued to struggle for greater ___________status

A

Socioeconomic and political status

48
Q

Percent of black voters rose from __-__ in the south during the 40’s

A

2%-12%

49
Q

What was the breakthrough for African Americans?

A

Truman integrated the armed services in 1948

50
Q

Who was the first African American in modern era?

A

Jackie Robinson

51
Q

Who won the Noble Peace Prize and was involved with the UN and civil rights?

A

Ralph Bunche

52
Q

What did the fair deal include?

A

An increased minimum wage, extended social security benefits and federal funds for housing

53
Q

Truman battled a conservative Republican congress known as _________

A

“Do nothing” congress

54
Q

What was the controversial law of the fair deal and why was it controversial?

A

Taft-Harley Act

It passed over Truman’s veto

55
Q

Fair deal was largely a failure:

A
  1. No national health care program
  2. Little education reform
  3. Civil rights legislation put off
56
Q

What was the greatest political comeback?

A

1948 presidential election

57
Q

What was the 1948 presidential election campaign slogan for the republicans?

A

“To Err is Truman”

58
Q

Second _________ caused mass hysteria

A

“Red Scare”

59
Q

Truman authorized a loyalty review board; suspected communist were persecuted under _________

A

The Smith Act

60
Q

__________ targeted subversives in Hollywood

A

HUAC

61
Q

What was the penalty for subversives targeted?

A

Black-listing

62
Q

Rosenberg trial focused on spies and gave rise to ____________

A

McCarthyism

63
Q

After WWII Korea was divided at __________

A

The 38th parallel

64
Q

Was North Korea and South Korea a communist or a republic?

A

North Korea- communist

South Korea- republic

65
Q

Who was the leader of North Korea?

A

Kim II Sung

66
Q

Who was the leader of South Korea?

A

Syngman Rhee

67
Q

June, 1950; N. Korean forces invade S. Korea; __________ Votes to send a multinational force to Korea

A

UN Sec. Council

68
Q

Sept..; ________ landing forces N. Korean retreat

A

Inchon

69
Q

Who was the commander of the UN during Korean War

A

Gen. Douglas MacArthur

70
Q

Nov; Chinese forces attack UN army across the _________

A

Yalu River

71
Q

1951; Pres. Truman fires _________

A

MacArthur

72
Q

1953; armistice line established near the original border which was ___________

A

38th parallel

73
Q

The Korean War

War never declared, it was a ____________

A

“Police action”

74
Q

What were total American casualties in Korean War

How many Koreans

A

155,000 casualties (54,000 dead)

Over 2 million Koreans

75
Q

US maintains approx _________ troops in South Korea

A

35,000

76
Q

____________ was elected in 1952

A

Dwight Eisenhower (Rep.)

77
Q

What was Dwight Eisenhower slogan?

A

“K1, C2 Formula”

78
Q

Who did Dwight Eisenhower best in the election

A

Adlai Stevenson

79
Q

What did Dwight Eisenhower promise?

A

To visit troops in Korea and he did

80
Q

Effects of the Cold War:

A
  1. Greater emphasis on foreign policy; fundamentally altered America’s world outlook
  2. Defense spending changed the American economy (“military industrial complex”)
  3. Nuclear arms race consumed vast resources
  4. Americans had to accept limitation of power

History (13 decks)

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