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Chapter 26 Flashcards

1
Q

Causes of postwar European tensions:

A
  1. Stalin’s resentment against the West; examples: reparations, aid, atomic bomb
  2. The West’s fears of the Soviets’ commitment to communist expansion and spread of revolution
  3. Political maneuvering at Yalta (Poland, Pacific Theatre, Eastern Europe) and Potsdam (surrender, postwar partition Vietnam at 17th parallel, reparations, Germany)
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2
Q

May, 1946; Churchill delivers his __________ speech

A

“Iron Curtain”

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3
Q

Where did Churchill deliver his “Iron Curtain” speech?

A

Fulton, Missouri

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4
Q

“Iron Curtain”

Acknowledged that Eastern Europe was within the soviet ___________

A

Sphere of influence

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5
Q

Who devised the Containment policy?

A

George Kennan

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6
Q

What did the containment policy state?

A

US must confront the USSR to neutralize their influence

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7
Q

What did the Truman Doctrine state?

A

Commitment of economic, financial, and (if necessary) military aid to countries threaded by “armed minorities or outside pressure”

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8
Q

Chief architects of the Truman Doctrine:

A

Truman

Sec. Of state George Marshall

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9
Q

1947; Truman Doctrine applies successfully in __________ and _________

A

Greece and Turkey

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10
Q

Truman Doctrine

How much money was allocated?

A

$400 Million

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11
Q

What did the Truman Doctrine reflect?

A

Reflected the “domino theory”

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12
Q

1947; What did the U.S. Marshall Plan provide?

A

Provided $13 Billion in aid to Europe

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13
Q

How many nations were helped in the US Marshall Plan?

Who rejected?

A

16 nations helped

USSR and its satellites rejected the help

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14
Q

From when to when did the airlift last?

A

June 27, 1948- May 12, 1948

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14
Q

Who went against who in the shield and sword concept?

A

NATO (1949) v. WARSAW PACT (1955)

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15
Q

1947;What does the National Security act create?

A

The National Security Council, the Defense Department and the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)

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16
Q

1950; What does the NSC-68 report make?

What did it increase?

A

Makes recommendations to improve American capabilities to deter Russian Aggression around the world.
Defense budge Increased greatly cover $40 B per year

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17
Q

1949; Chinese communists led by __________ defeat the nationalists under __________

A

Mao Zedong

Jiang Jeishi

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18
Q

Nationalists flee to the island of _________

A

Taiwan

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19
Q

1950; China signs a treaty with __________

A

The Soviet Union

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20
Q

What was an immediate postwar economic problem?

A

Inflation

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21
Q

How many workers strike in 1946?

A

5 million

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22
Q

Economy recovered by _____

A

1947

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23
Q

African Americans continued to struggle for greater ___________status

A

Socioeconomic and political status

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24
Percent of black voters rose from __-__ in the south during the 40's
2%-12%
25
What was the breakthrough for African Americans?
Truman integrated the armed services in 1948
26
Who was the first African American in modern era?
Jackie Robinson
27
Who won the Noble Peace Prize and was involved with the UN and civil rights?
Ralph Bunche
28
What did the fair deal include?
An increased minimum wage, extended social security benefits and federal funds for housing
29
Truman battled a conservative Republican congress known as _________
"Do nothing" congress
30
What was the controversial law of the fair deal and why was it controversial?
Taft-Harley Act | It passed over Truman's veto
31
Fair deal was largely a failure:
1. No national health care program 2. Little education reform 3. Civil rights legislation put off
32
What was the greatest political comeback?
1948 presidential election
33
What was the 1948 presidential election campaign slogan for the republicans?
"To Err is Truman"
34
Second _________ caused mass hysteria
"Red Scare"
35
Truman authorized a loyalty review board; suspected communist were persecuted under _________
The Smith Act
36
__________ targeted subversives in Hollywood
HUAC
37
What was the penalty for subversives targeted?
Black-listing
38
Rosenberg trial focused on spies and gave rise to ____________
McCarthyism
39
After WWII Korea was divided at __________
The 38th parallel
40
Was North Korea and South Korea a communist or a republic?
North Korea- communist | South Korea- republic
41
Who was the leader of North Korea?
Kim II Sung
42
Who was the leader of South Korea?
Syngman Rhee
43
June, 1950; N. Korean forces invade S. Korea; __________ Votes to send a multinational force to Korea
UN Sec. Council
44
Who was the commander of Korean War?
Gen. Douglas MacArthur
45
Sept.; _________ landing forces N. Korean retreat
Inchon
46
What years did the Korean wars go through?
1950-1953
47
African Americans continued to struggle for greater ___________status
Socioeconomic and political status
48
Percent of black voters rose from __-__ in the south during the 40's
2%-12%
49
What was the breakthrough for African Americans?
Truman integrated the armed services in 1948
50
Who was the first African American in modern era?
Jackie Robinson
51
Who won the Noble Peace Prize and was involved with the UN and civil rights?
Ralph Bunche
52
What did the fair deal include?
An increased minimum wage, extended social security benefits and federal funds for housing
53
Truman battled a conservative Republican congress known as _________
"Do nothing" congress
54
What was the controversial law of the fair deal and why was it controversial?
Taft-Harley Act | It passed over Truman's veto
55
Fair deal was largely a failure:
1. No national health care program 2. Little education reform 3. Civil rights legislation put off
56
What was the greatest political comeback?
1948 presidential election
57
What was the 1948 presidential election campaign slogan for the republicans?
"To Err is Truman"
58
Second _________ caused mass hysteria
"Red Scare"
59
Truman authorized a loyalty review board; suspected communist were persecuted under _________
The Smith Act
60
__________ targeted subversives in Hollywood
HUAC
61
What was the penalty for subversives targeted?
Black-listing
62
Rosenberg trial focused on spies and gave rise to ____________
McCarthyism
63
After WWII Korea was divided at __________
The 38th parallel
64
Was North Korea and South Korea a communist or a republic?
North Korea- communist | South Korea- republic
65
Who was the leader of North Korea?
Kim II Sung
66
Who was the leader of South Korea?
Syngman Rhee
67
June, 1950; N. Korean forces invade S. Korea; __________ Votes to send a multinational force to Korea
UN Sec. Council
68
Sept..; ________ landing forces N. Korean retreat
Inchon
69
Who was the commander of the UN during Korean War
Gen. Douglas MacArthur
70
Nov; Chinese forces attack UN army across the _________
Yalu River
71
1951; Pres. Truman fires _________
MacArthur
72
1953; armistice line established near the original border which was ___________
38th parallel
73
The Korean War | War never declared, it was a ____________
"Police action"
74
What were total American casualties in Korean War | How many Koreans
155,000 casualties (54,000 dead) | Over 2 million Koreans
75
US maintains approx _________ troops in South Korea
35,000
76
____________ was elected in 1952
Dwight Eisenhower (Rep.)
77
What was Dwight Eisenhower slogan?
"K1, C2 Formula"
78
Who did Dwight Eisenhower best in the election
Adlai Stevenson
79
What did Dwight Eisenhower promise?
To visit troops in Korea and he did
80
Effects of the Cold War:
1. Greater emphasis on foreign policy; fundamentally altered America's world outlook 2. Defense spending changed the American economy ("military industrial complex") 3. Nuclear arms race consumed vast resources 4. Americans had to accept limitation of power

History (13 decks)

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