Chapter 26 Flashcards
Causes of postwar European tensions:
- Stalin’s resentment against the West; examples: reparations, aid, atomic bomb
- The West’s fears of the Soviets’ commitment to communist expansion and spread of revolution
- Political maneuvering at Yalta (Poland, Pacific Theatre, Eastern Europe) and Potsdam (surrender, postwar partition Vietnam at 17th parallel, reparations, Germany)
May, 1946; Churchill delivers his __________ speech
“Iron Curtain”
Where did Churchill deliver his “Iron Curtain” speech?
Fulton, Missouri
“Iron Curtain”
Acknowledged that Eastern Europe was within the soviet ___________
Sphere of influence
Who devised the Containment policy?
George Kennan
What did the containment policy state?
US must confront the USSR to neutralize their influence
What did the Truman Doctrine state?
Commitment of economic, financial, and (if necessary) military aid to countries threaded by “armed minorities or outside pressure”
Chief architects of the Truman Doctrine:
Truman
Sec. Of state George Marshall
1947; Truman Doctrine applies successfully in __________ and _________
Greece and Turkey
Truman Doctrine
How much money was allocated?
$400 Million
What did the Truman Doctrine reflect?
Reflected the “domino theory”
1947; What did the U.S. Marshall Plan provide?
Provided $13 Billion in aid to Europe
How many nations were helped in the US Marshall Plan?
Who rejected?
16 nations helped
USSR and its satellites rejected the help
From when to when did the airlift last?
June 27, 1948- May 12, 1948
Who went against who in the shield and sword concept?
NATO (1949) v. WARSAW PACT (1955)
1947;What does the National Security act create?
The National Security Council, the Defense Department and the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)
1950; What does the NSC-68 report make?
What did it increase?
Makes recommendations to improve American capabilities to deter Russian Aggression around the world.
Defense budge Increased greatly cover $40 B per year
1949; Chinese communists led by __________ defeat the nationalists under __________
Mao Zedong
Jiang Jeishi
Nationalists flee to the island of _________
Taiwan
1950; China signs a treaty with __________
The Soviet Union
What was an immediate postwar economic problem?
Inflation
How many workers strike in 1946?
5 million
Economy recovered by _____
1947
African Americans continued to struggle for greater ___________status
Socioeconomic and political status
Percent of black voters rose from __-__ in the south during the 40’s
2%-12%
What was the breakthrough for African Americans?
Truman integrated the armed services in 1948
Who was the first African American in modern era?
Jackie Robinson
Who won the Noble Peace Prize and was involved with the UN and civil rights?
Ralph Bunche
What did the fair deal include?
An increased minimum wage, extended social security benefits and federal funds for housing
Truman battled a conservative Republican congress known as _________
“Do nothing” congress
What was the controversial law of the fair deal and why was it controversial?
Taft-Harley Act
It passed over Truman’s veto
Fair deal was largely a failure:
- No national health care program
- Little education reform
- Civil rights legislation put off
What was the greatest political comeback?
1948 presidential election
What was the 1948 presidential election campaign slogan for the republicans?
“To Err is Truman”
Second _________ caused mass hysteria
“Red Scare”
Truman authorized a loyalty review board; suspected communist were persecuted under _________
The Smith Act
__________ targeted subversives in Hollywood
HUAC
What was the penalty for subversives targeted?
Black-listing
Rosenberg trial focused on spies and gave rise to ____________
McCarthyism
After WWII Korea was divided at __________
The 38th parallel
Was North Korea and South Korea a communist or a republic?
North Korea- communist
South Korea- republic
Who was the leader of North Korea?
Kim II Sung
Who was the leader of South Korea?
Syngman Rhee
June, 1950; N. Korean forces invade S. Korea; __________ Votes to send a multinational force to Korea
UN Sec. Council
Who was the commander of Korean War?
Gen. Douglas MacArthur
Sept.; _________ landing forces N. Korean retreat
Inchon
What years did the Korean wars go through?
1950-1953
African Americans continued to struggle for greater ___________status
Socioeconomic and political status
Percent of black voters rose from __-__ in the south during the 40’s
2%-12%
What was the breakthrough for African Americans?
Truman integrated the armed services in 1948
Who was the first African American in modern era?
Jackie Robinson
Who won the Noble Peace Prize and was involved with the UN and civil rights?
Ralph Bunche
What did the fair deal include?
An increased minimum wage, extended social security benefits and federal funds for housing
Truman battled a conservative Republican congress known as _________
“Do nothing” congress
What was the controversial law of the fair deal and why was it controversial?
Taft-Harley Act
It passed over Truman’s veto
Fair deal was largely a failure:
- No national health care program
- Little education reform
- Civil rights legislation put off
What was the greatest political comeback?
1948 presidential election
What was the 1948 presidential election campaign slogan for the republicans?
“To Err is Truman”
Second _________ caused mass hysteria
“Red Scare”
Truman authorized a loyalty review board; suspected communist were persecuted under _________
The Smith Act
__________ targeted subversives in Hollywood
HUAC
What was the penalty for subversives targeted?
Black-listing
Rosenberg trial focused on spies and gave rise to ____________
McCarthyism
After WWII Korea was divided at __________
The 38th parallel
Was North Korea and South Korea a communist or a republic?
North Korea- communist
South Korea- republic
Who was the leader of North Korea?
Kim II Sung
Who was the leader of South Korea?
Syngman Rhee
June, 1950; N. Korean forces invade S. Korea; __________ Votes to send a multinational force to Korea
UN Sec. Council
Sept..; ________ landing forces N. Korean retreat
Inchon
Who was the commander of the UN during Korean War
Gen. Douglas MacArthur
Nov; Chinese forces attack UN army across the _________
Yalu River
1951; Pres. Truman fires _________
MacArthur
1953; armistice line established near the original border which was ___________
38th parallel
The Korean War
War never declared, it was a ____________
“Police action”
What were total American casualties in Korean War
How many Koreans
155,000 casualties (54,000 dead)
Over 2 million Koreans
US maintains approx _________ troops in South Korea
35,000
____________ was elected in 1952
Dwight Eisenhower (Rep.)
What was Dwight Eisenhower slogan?
“K1, C2 Formula”
Who did Dwight Eisenhower best in the election
Adlai Stevenson
What did Dwight Eisenhower promise?
To visit troops in Korea and he did
Effects of the Cold War:
- Greater emphasis on foreign policy; fundamentally altered America’s world outlook
- Defense spending changed the American economy (“military industrial complex”)
- Nuclear arms race consumed vast resources
- Americans had to accept limitation of power
