Chapter 25 Flashcards
What did the victors look not to do after WWI?
They looked to avoid war at all costs.
What did the losers of WWI look to do?
Reassert power and avenge losses
When did Japan set their sights on Manchuria?
1931
What ambitions did Italy have?
Italy had ambitions in Africa
What were Germany’s ambitions?
To dominate Europe
When did Europe experience the rise of totalitarianism?
The inter war period
When did Italy become fascist?
1922
When did Germany become fascist?
1933
When did Spain become fascist?
1939
Who were the rulers involved in WWII?
Mussolini (Italy) Stalin (Russia) Hirohito (Japan) Hitler (Germany) Franco (Spain) PM Neville Chamberlain/Winston Churchill (Britain) FDR (US)
Americans experienced a period of what during the interwar period?
Americans experienced splendid isolation
What was Americas position from 1935-1941?
Neutrality
When did the Spanish civil war take place?
1936-1939
Who aided the Spanish in their civil war?
Fascists (Germany and Italy) and republicans from the USSR
When were the neutrality acts passed?
1935 and 1937
What two things did the neutrality acts do?
1) Avoid entanglement in foreign war
2) Prohibited sale of arms to nations at war
When was the good neighbor policy created and by who?
1933 by FDR
What two things did the good neighbor policy do?
1) US would not interfere in the internal/external affairs of another country.
2) Ended US military intervention in LA
In 1934 what/who rose to power in LA?
Dictators
Name 2 dictators in LA
Somoza and Machado
What does Italy invade in 1935?
Ethiopia
What does Germany occupy in 1936?
Rhineland
What does Germany annex in 1938?
Austria and Sudentland in czechoslovakia
In 1939 what does Germany occupy and sign?
The rest of Czechoslovakia; they signed the non aggression pact with the USSR
When did Japan launch an attack on China proper?
1937
What was the British response to the annex of Austria?
Leave rest of Czech alone.
Who was the British Prime Minister?
Neville Chamberlain
What did Germany do in 1939 as a response to Britain’s demands?
Germany annexes rest of Czech and demands Poland
When did Germany invade Poland?
Sept 1, 1939
What triggered WWII and when?
German invasion of Poland in Sept.1, 1939.
What was the blitzkrieg?
Lightning war, German strategy
What did Germany conquer in the first year of the war?
Denmark, Norway, Netherlands, Belgium, and France
What was in Dunkirk?
The port of Dunkirk
When was the battle of Britain?
mid June 1940
Who counter attacks during the attack of Britain?
British royal air force
When did Germany join Italy in Africa?
1941
When did Germany invade the USSR?
1941
When did pearl harbor take place?
December 7, 1941
How many casualties were there in pearl harbor?
2400 killed
When did congress pass a new neutrality act and what did it emphasize?
1939; cash and carry
What was the deal between US and Britain in 1940?
Destroyer-Naval Base deal
What did the US pass in 1941 and become?
Lend lease act and became the arsenal of democracy
What was the Atlantic charter?
1) right of self determination
2) disarmament of aggressors
3) system of general security
What was operation Barbarossa?
Code name for Germany USSR invasion
When was Operation Barbarossa?
1941
How many men and tanks did operation Barbarossa have?
3-4M men and 3,000 tanks
When was the battle of Stalingrad?
Aug 1942-Feb 1943
What did Stalingrad mark and how many Germans died?
turning point on eastern front; 300,000 men died
What strategy did Allies adopt?
Europe first
Who won the battle of El Alamein and when did it occur?
1942 British victory
What was operation torch and when was it?
American african landing 1943.
When did the allies invade Sicily?
1943
What happens in Italy in 1945?
Mussolini is executed by Italian partisans
When did the allies invade Europe?
1944
What was operation Neptune?
Allied invasion of Europe through the beaches of France
What was the atlantic wall?
a 2,400-mile German fortification
What were the names of the beaches in Operation Neptune?
Gold, Juno, Omaha, Utah, and Sword
How many casualties were there in Operation Neptune?
4,000 killed and 1,000 wounded or missing
When does FDR die?
1945, April 12
When does Hitler commit suicide?
1945, April 30
When does Germany surrender?
May 7, 1945
What is V-E day?
May 8, 1945, celebrates European victory
When did the philippines fall?
1942
What was the Bataan death march?
Walk by captives captured in the Philippines
What were the Doolittle raids?
raids on tokyo by US, pilots were captured.
When was battle of midway
June 1942
What does japan lose in midway?
Japanese task force
What was the 1943 American strategy?
Island Hopping
What was the first American attack against Japan?
Battle of guadacanal
When did the US retake the Philippines?
1944
When did the marines take Iwo Jima?
March 1945
When did the marines take okinawa?
June 1945
What were the 2 atomic bombs and the order they were dropped?
Little boy (1) and fatman (2)
What and when was V-J day?
August 14; American victory over Japan.
How many American casualties were there?
approx 1.1 Million (405,000 killed, 670,000 wounded)
When was Executive order 9066 ordered and by who?
1942; FDR
What SC case took place in 1944?
Korematsu v. United States
What did congress issue in 1988 and what did it do?
Congress issued an apology and paid camp survivors 20k each
What were the war’s economic effects?
1) National debt increased
2) GDP increased
How many men and women were enlisted in the army?
Over 14.5M men and 350,000 women, including 700,000 African americans
What did executive order 9066 do?
put approx 110,000 Japanese Americans in internment camps.
What was the largest campaign in WWII and remains the largest military campaign today?
Operation Barbarossa
How many people died in the holocaust?
11 million
What was appeasement?
British strategy aimed at avoiding a war with Germany in the late 1930s by not objecting to Hitler’s policy of territorial expansion.
What was the manhattan project?
Top-secret project authorized by Franklin Roosevelt in 1942 to develop an atomic bomb ahead of the Germans. The thousands of Americans who worked on the project at Los Alamos, New Mexico, succeeded in producing a successful atomic bomb by July 1945.
