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History > Chapter 23 > Flashcards

Chapter 23 Flashcards

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0
Q

When was Henry Ford born?

A

1863

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1
Q

Who was the embodiment of the new era?

A

Henry Ford

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2
Q

What was Henry Ford

A

Journeyman machinist

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3
Q

Henry Ford in 1903 began to produce ___________

A

Cars, model T, custom made

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4
Q

Henry Ford was responsible for the moving _________

A

Assembly line

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5
Q

Henry Ford tried to distance himself from __________

A

‘Robber barons’

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6
Q

Henry Ford had many prejudices, who/what did he hate?

A

Jews, Catholics, alcohol, tobacco, bankers and doctors

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7
Q

US experienced a period of postwar conservatism and a return to _________ policies

A

Laissez-faire

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8
Q

What period was from 1922-1929

A

Period of prosperity

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9
Q

1920s saw the creation of a ___________

A

Mass national culture

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10
Q

Warren G. Harding won the 1920 elections with over ___ of the popular vote

A

60%

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11
Q

For how long did Harding serve?

A

1921-1923

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12
Q

What was Harding’s slogan?

A

“Return to normalcy”

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13
Q

When did Harding die?

A

August, 1923

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14
Q

After Harding scandals were revealed afterwards such as _________

A

Teapot Dome

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15
Q

What was the Teapot Dome?

A

Scandal involving interior secretary Albert Fall accepting bribes

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16
Q

When did Calvin Coolidge serve and what was he known as?

A

1923-1929

“Silent Cal”

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17
Q

Coolidge was a supporter of _________

A

High tariffs and tax cuts

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18
Q

President Coolidge helps block any attempts to ____________

A

Join the League of Nations

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19
Q

Even though the U.S. did not join the League of Nations, they did not return to _________

A

Isolationism

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20
Q

What was the Power Naval Treaty of 1922?

A

Britain, France, Japan, Italy, and US; portioned reduction in naval forces

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21
Q

Who made the Power Naval Treaty of 1922?

A

Secretary of State Kellogg with French foreign minister Briand

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22
Q

___ countries signed to pledge to renounce war and settle arguments peacefully?

A

50

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23
Q

What did Germany give to the allies?

A

$ 2 Billion in reparation payments

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24
Q

What did the Allies give to the U.S.?

A

$ 2.6 Billion in War debt payments

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25
Q

What did the U.S. give to Germany?

A

$ 2.5 Billion in Loans

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26
Q

Successful businessmen were universally admired, example _________

A

Henry Ford

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27
Q

Auto industry’s influence:

A

federal highway system, rubber, oil, glass, restaurants and metals

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28
Q

Companies began to engage in welfare capitalism to discourage workers from joining unions; what was the result?

A

Union membership fell by 10% throughout the twenties

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29
Q

_________ popular during the twenties?

A

Industrial programs

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30
Q

Welfare capitalism improved ___________

A

Safety and sanitation

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31
Q

What did Welfare Capitalism pay?

A

Vacations and pensions

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32
Q

What did welfare capitalism encourage?

A

Encouraged loyalty to the company

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33
Q

Progressive era brought expanded ____________

A

federal government powers

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34
Q

Claim prohibition would reduce ________ and increase _________

A

Crime

Production and morality

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35
Q

What were loopholes in prohibition?

A

Allowed sacramental wine and created fake clergy

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36
Q

________ overwhelmingly opposed prohibition?

A

Americans

37
Q

What did prohibition fuel?

A

Criminality

38
Q

What year did prohibition end?

A

1933 (only amendment repealed)

39
Q

Women in the 1920s experienced liberation from traditions to an extent; ________ exhibited the “new woman” of urban America

A

Flappers

40
Q

What was youth movement characterized by ___________

A

Rebellion against authority

41
Q

Concept of ________ aimed at elevating blacks self esteem; upset whites

A

The “new negro”

42
Q

Who’s black nationalism inspired many?

A

Marcus Garvey’s

43
Q

Who challenged the efforts of the NAACP?

A

UNIA

44
Q

What marked a period of artistic development in music, literature, art, etc. in the black community in upper Manhattan?

A

Harlem Renaissance

45
Q

What was the most popular venue for jazz artist?

A

The cotton club

46
Q

In the Jazz age, who were the leading figures?

A

Langston Hughes, Zora Neale Hurston, Aaron Douglas

47
Q

Jazz music emerged as a uniquely American art form. Where was the birth place?

A

New Orleans

48
Q

Leading musicians/bandleaders included:

A

Trumpeter Louis Armstrong and Duke Ellington

49
Q

Technology changed daily life, examples:

A

radios, photographs, automobiles

50
Q

NBC founded in _____

ABC founded in _____

A

1926

1927

51
Q

Motion picture industry established itself in ________

A

Hollywood, CA

52
Q

Large studios founded examples;

A

RKO United artists, Metro-Goldwyn Mayer, Columbia Pictures etc.

53
Q

_____________ had a large influence on the American public

A

Radio and motion pictures

54
Q

Who flew the first solo flight across the Atlantic Ocean?

A

Charles Lindbergh

55
Q

How long did the first flight across the Atlantic take? Where did it land?

A

Approx 33 hours

Landed near Paris

56
Q

What was the plane that flew across the Atlantic called?

A

“Spirit of St Louis”

57
Q

Where is the “Spirit of St Louis” in today?

A

Housed today in Smithsonian national air and space museum in Washington DC

58
Q

American literature critiqued the disillusionment with World War I and the corrupting influence of modern society and its __________

A

materialism

59
Q

Who led American expatriates to Europe, especially Paris

A

Gertrude Stern

60
Q

By 1920, more Americans were living in ________ than in rural areas

A

Cities

61
Q

Social tensions between cities and rural areas, rising crime rates, and fears brought on by the “Red scare” led to a rise in _________

A

Nationalism

62
Q

1921; national _______ for immigrants introduced

A

quotas

63
Q

1924; _________ passed

A

National Origins Act (AKA Johnson-Reid act)

64
Q

By 1925 only __________ immigrants allowed entry each year (none from Asia)

A

150,000

65
Q

Fear of change, antagonism towards foreign ideas gave rise to two movements:

A

1) Religious fundamentalism

2) renewed popularity of the KKK; membership soared to approx 3-4 million by 1925

66
Q

KKK emerged in 1886 in __________

A

Tennessee

67
Q

Who was the leading figure in the KKK?

A

Nathan Bedford Forrest

68
Q

When and where was the KKK reborn?

A

1915 in Georgia

69
Q

KKK fought against perceived threats from:

A

African Americans, immigrants, radicals, feminists, Catholics and Jews.

70
Q

KKK extended beyond the _______

A

South

71
Q

Who pioneered the study of psychoanalysis?

A

Sigmund Freund

72
Q

Psychoanalysis theories were accepted by the ___________

A

Liberal middle class

73
Q

1925; Scopes “monkey” trial takes place in __________

A

Dayton Tennessee

74
Q

Who was the prosecution of the Scopes “monkey” trial case?

A

William J. Bryan

75
Q

Who was the defense for the Scopes “monkey” trial case?

A

Clarence Darrow

76
Q

What was the Scopes conviction? It was overturned on appeal

A

$100 fine

77
Q

(1928 election)

Easy victory for Herbert Hoover over __________

A

NY governor Al Smith

78
Q

(1928 election)

Smith “wet”, Hoover “dry”; candidate Smith was from _____ and catholic

A

NYC

79
Q

(1928 election)

Al Smith- Tammany Hall political machine-

A

Child of immigration

80
Q

What is the cycle of the economy?

A

Prosperity—> recession —> depression —> recovery

81
Q

_________ conditions continued through September 1929- share prices continued to rise- ex. Stock value (1927)

A

Bull market

82
Q

Underlying problems in the economy included:

A
  1. Overproduction and under consumption
  2. Europe’s continued debt and overextension of loans from American banks
  3. Increase in personal debt. “Get rich-quick” schemes, over speculation, buying on margin
  4. Farmers and blue collar workers left out; “sick industries”
83
Q

End of 1932- unemployment over ______

A

12 M (25% rate)

84
Q

Black unemployment exceeded _____; “last hired, first fired”

A

56 %

85
Q

End of 1932- bank failures exceeded _______ nationwide

A

5,000

86
Q

GNP has dropped from ______ to _____

A

$103 B (1929)

$56 B (1933)

87
Q

Psychological damage of depression was extreme- Americans felt they were to blame; _________ eroded

A

Self confidence

88
Q

After the depression, __________ all dropped

A

Marriages, divorces and birth rates

89
Q

What’s the case where 9 black youths accused of raping two white women aboard a train in Alabama

A

Scottsboro Boys case

90
Q

What did the retrial of the Scottsboro Boys case result in?

A

Five convictions and jail terms

91
Q

Who defends the 9 black youths in court?

A

Communist party

History (13 decks)

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