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Chapter 24 Flashcards

0
Q

What disease did Franklin D. Roosevelt catch in 1921 and what did it do?

A

He caught polio and it paralyzed both his legs

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1
Q

Franklin D. Roosevelt came from _________ background

A

A wealthy

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2
Q

Franklin D. Roosevelt believed that ____________ to save the economy

A

Government should intervene

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3
Q

Franklin D. Roosevelt had vast political experience, like what?

A

NY state legislature, assistant secretary of the Navy, governor of New York and Vice Presidential candidate

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4
Q

Who was Franklin D. Roosevelt’s distant cousin?

A

Theodore Roosevelt

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5
Q

Franklin D. Roosevelt had a 1932 election victory due to rearrangement of the Democratic Party-

A

New Deal (“Roosevelt”) coalition

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6
Q

Political coalition supporting Franklin D. Roosevelt and ______________

A

The Democratic Party

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7
Q

Who did the political coalition include?

A

Farmers, factory workers, immigrants, urbanites, women, African Americans and Progressives

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8
Q

What was Franklin D. Roosevelt philosophy and approach?

A

Increase the governments involvement in the economy

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9
Q

Franklin D. Roosevelt pledged __________ for the American people

A

A “new deal”

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10
Q

What were the goals of the “new deal”?

A

Relief
Recovery
Reform

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11
Q

Four features of the new approach of the Roosevelt administration:

A

1) “fireside chats”
2) reliance upon a “brain trust” of experts
3) concern for the “forgotten man”
4) rejection of laissez faire: “the nation asks for action now”; “above all, try something”; “bold, persistent experimentation”

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12
Q

What are “fireside chats”?

A

Use of the radio

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13
Q

Theory:

Root cause of the economic problems=

A

Underconsumption

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14
Q

Factories and farms producing _________

A

Too much

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15
Q

Need to provide jobs to give consumers money to __________

A

Buy goods

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16
Q

What does FDIC stand for?

A

Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation

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17
Q

FDIC was a ____________ body

A

Regulatory

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18
Q

What did the FDIC guarantee?

A

Guarantees federal government would reimburse bank depositors if the bank failed

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19
Q

What was the goal of FDIC?

A

They attempted to restore confidence in banks

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20
Q

What did the CCC stand for?

A

Civilian Conservation Corps

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21
Q

What was the CCC?

A

A federal relief program

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22
Q

What did the CCC provide?

A

Jobs to millions of young people and women

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23
Q

The CCC worked ____________ projects

A

Conservation

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24
What does the TVA stand for?
Tennessee Valley Authority
25
What did the TVA do?
They built dams along the Tennessee River
26
What did the AAA stand for?
Agricultural Adjustment Act
27
AAA was a _____________ legislation
New Deal
28
What was the goal of the AAA?
To cut agricultural production and forcing prices to increase
29
The AAA paid formers to __________________
NOT grow crops
30
The AAA also made farmers not grow on _____________
An allotment
31
What was an allotment?
Part of the farmers' land
32
What did farmers do to qualify to the goal of the AAA?
They slaughtered animals and destroyed crops
33
(National Recovery Administration) | Unlike farmers, industry already ______________
Cut production
34
What was the goal of the National Recovery Administration?
To stabilize industry and maintain workforce
35
What did the National Recovery Administration encourage?
Encouraged industry to voluntary adopt codes for better working conditions, set prices and minimized competition
36
The National Recovery Administration lessened _____________
Anti-trust legislation
37
What did National Recovery Administration encourage CONSUMERS to do?
To purchase NRA code
38
What did some protests in the countryside argue?
That AAA favored wealthy farmers
39
Farmers who _________ would not qualify to AAA.
Rented
40
Many farmers became __________ workers
Migrant
41
What did John Steinback write?
Grapes of Wrath
42
Opposition to the New Deal took two forms:
1. Political Right- the N.D. had gone too far; resented the creation of regulations, new taxes and unions 2. Political Left- the N.D. had not gone far enough; resented the alleged favoritism to big business and the lack of regulation
43
____________ declared NRA unconstitutional
Supreme Court
44
Supreme Court later declared the ________ unconstitutional even though it came back in a modified form
AAA
45
Socialist and communists accused New deal of _______________
Being United with big business
46
Who was the socialist author who wrote the jungle?
Upton Sinclair
47
Upton Sinclair ran for governor of __________ but lost
California
48
Who was father Charles Coughlin?
Catholic priest in Detroit
49
Father Charles Coughlin had a radio broadcast with ___________ listeners
40 million
50
Who did Father Charles Coughlin blame for the suffering and inequality?
Communists, bankers, and 'predatory capitalists'
51
Father Charles Coughlin had elements of ____________
Anti-Semitic rhetoric
52
What did Father Charles Coughlin create?
Created National Union for Social Justice (Union Party)
53
Dr. Francis Townsend lived in __________
California
54
Dr. Francis Townsend criticized timidity of __________
The New Deal
55
Dr. Francis Townsend retired ____________
Patients suffering
56
What plan did Dr. Francis Townsend create?
Old age Pension Plan
57
What did the Old age Pension plan state?
$200 per month
58
Dr. Francis Townsend combined with __________
Union party
59
Who was the southern wing of the Democratic Party?
Huey Long
60
Huey Long wanted _______ over _______
Poor over rich
61
What did Huey Long attempt to pass?
"Soak the rich" senate bill
62
What did the "soak the rich" senate bill want to do?
Outlaw income over $1 million and $5 million inheritance | It was rejected
63
Huey Long ran for __________
President
64
Depression regardless of the new deal _________
Initiatives
65
1935- control of congress commences emergence of American __________
Welfare state
66
What acts did the "Second New Deal" include?
National Labor Relations Act (Wagner act) Fair Labor Standards Act Social Security Act
67
What did the Fair Labor Standards Act do?
Made minimum wage 25 cents an hour
68
What was the WPA?
Works Progress Administration | Began in 1935
69
What was the Works Progress Administration?
Public works program
70
Works Progress Administration | ________ to construction
Arts
71
A year after the Works Progress Administration was passes _____% of labor force
7%
72
``` (New deal cultural projects u see WPA) __________ project __________project __________project __________project ```
Federal art project Federal theater project Federal writer's project Federal music project
73
(Empowering labor) | Violent strikes-
Actual police beatings and shootings
74
(Empowering labor) | Wagner act guaranteed what?
Guarantee industrial workers the right to organize in unions
75
What Wagner Act meant | Majority of a company's workers voted for ____________
Creating a union
76
What are 2 things the Wagner Act made happen?
1) The Union became the sole negotiating agent for the workers 2) The company were forced to negotiate with the Unions
77
The Wagner act was the first time the federal government _____________
Gave upfront support for unions
78
What year did FDR become president?
1933
79
Wagner acts affect of the Union In 1933 ____________ skilled workers In 1945 ____________ skilled workers and unskilled workers
``` 3 million 14 million (30% of workers) ```
80
Who was John L. Lewis?
He headed the United Mine workers union and later found the congress of industrial organization (CIO)
81
What was the CIO?
Committee for industrial organization
82
What was the CIO?
Coalition of primarily unskilled workers
83
What did the CIO do?
- organized union drives for membership | - assisted United Auto workers in overcoming resistance to unionize the entire industry
84
What was a goal for the New Deal?
To provide a modest income for poor elderly people
85
What was the issue of the new deal?
Only 15% of Americans had private pensions and often companies would fire people to avoid paying pensions
86
What act was passed because it was part of the second New Deal?
Social security act
87
What did the social security act provide and create?
Provided modest income for the elderly and also created a modest unemployment insurance
88
What did the social security act do?
Gave payers a personal stake in the system=politically invaluable
89
In the social security act not everyone was covered; excluded:
Domestic and agricultural workers
90
Domestic and agricultural workers= ____ of Americans and especially effected women
1/2
91
New deal created a two tier system:
1) Organized workers in major industries | 2) Women, children, elderly, unorganized workwear and unemployed
92
How much did national unemployment average?
17%
93
Why was New Deal's record of helping minorities not good?
FDR relies upon the south's support
94
Ideal of the welfare state benefited skilled industrial workers over ___________
women, minorities, the elderly and unskilled workers
95
African Americans suffered the most because of the New deal; infant mortality rate was ___% greater than for whites and life expectancy was ___ fewer years than for whites
50% | 12
96
What did the Indian Reorganization Act do?
Restores tribal self-rule and ownership of land
97
1936; FDR easily defeated _________
Kansas governor Alfred Landon
98
What was the "Roosevelt Coalition"
cross section of voters
99
FDR was angered by ___________
Supreme Court Conservatism
100
1937; FDR attempted to "pack the court" by ____________
Adding six justices
101
Congress _________ FDR's "pack the court" proposal
Defeated
102
What was the Court-packing plan?
Law b FDR
103
What would the Court-packing plan want to do?
To add one new Supreme Court justice for each judge over 70
104
How many new judges would be added by the Court-packing plan?
6 new judges
105
Senate __________ Court-packing plan
Defeated
106
1935-36; economy was in __________ phase
Recovery
107
What was the reuse of the recover phase?
Government cut spending, federal reserve increased the interest rate and secretary taxes slashed business spending

History (13 decks)

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