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History > Chapter 24 > Flashcards

Chapter 24 Flashcards

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0
Q

What disease did Franklin D. Roosevelt catch in 1921 and what did it do?

A

He caught polio and it paralyzed both his legs

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1
Q

Franklin D. Roosevelt came from _________ background

A

A wealthy

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2
Q

Franklin D. Roosevelt believed that ____________ to save the economy

A

Government should intervene

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3
Q

Franklin D. Roosevelt had vast political experience, like what?

A

NY state legislature, assistant secretary of the Navy, governor of New York and Vice Presidential candidate

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4
Q

Who was Franklin D. Roosevelt’s distant cousin?

A

Theodore Roosevelt

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5
Q

Franklin D. Roosevelt had a 1932 election victory due to rearrangement of the Democratic Party-

A

New Deal (“Roosevelt”) coalition

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6
Q

Political coalition supporting Franklin D. Roosevelt and ______________

A

The Democratic Party

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7
Q

Who did the political coalition include?

A

Farmers, factory workers, immigrants, urbanites, women, African Americans and Progressives

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8
Q

What was Franklin D. Roosevelt philosophy and approach?

A

Increase the governments involvement in the economy

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9
Q

Franklin D. Roosevelt pledged __________ for the American people

A

A “new deal”

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10
Q

What were the goals of the “new deal”?

A

Relief
Recovery
Reform

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11
Q

Four features of the new approach of the Roosevelt administration:

A

1) “fireside chats”
2) reliance upon a “brain trust” of experts
3) concern for the “forgotten man”
4) rejection of laissez faire: “the nation asks for action now”; “above all, try something”; “bold, persistent experimentation”

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12
Q

What are “fireside chats”?

A

Use of the radio

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13
Q

Theory:

Root cause of the economic problems=

A

Underconsumption

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14
Q

Factories and farms producing _________

A

Too much

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15
Q

Need to provide jobs to give consumers money to __________

A

Buy goods

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16
Q

What does FDIC stand for?

A

Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation

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17
Q

FDIC was a ____________ body

A

Regulatory

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18
Q

What did the FDIC guarantee?

A

Guarantees federal government would reimburse bank depositors if the bank failed

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19
Q

What was the goal of FDIC?

A

They attempted to restore confidence in banks

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20
Q

What did the CCC stand for?

A

Civilian Conservation Corps

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21
Q

What was the CCC?

A

A federal relief program

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22
Q

What did the CCC provide?

A

Jobs to millions of young people and women

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23
Q

The CCC worked ____________ projects

A

Conservation

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24
Q

What does the TVA stand for?

A

Tennessee Valley Authority

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25
Q

What did the TVA do?

A

They built dams along the Tennessee River

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26
Q

What did the AAA stand for?

A

Agricultural Adjustment Act

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27
Q

AAA was a _____________ legislation

A

New Deal

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28
Q

What was the goal of the AAA?

A

To cut agricultural production and forcing prices to increase

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29
Q

The AAA paid formers to __________________

A

NOT grow crops

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30
Q

The AAA also made farmers not grow on _____________

A

An allotment

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31
Q

What was an allotment?

A

Part of the farmers’ land

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32
Q

What did farmers do to qualify to the goal of the AAA?

A

They slaughtered animals and destroyed crops

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33
Q

(National Recovery Administration)

Unlike farmers, industry already ______________

A

Cut production

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34
Q

What was the goal of the National Recovery Administration?

A

To stabilize industry and maintain workforce

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35
Q

What did the National Recovery Administration encourage?

A

Encouraged industry to voluntary adopt codes for better working conditions, set prices and minimized competition

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36
Q

The National Recovery Administration lessened _____________

A

Anti-trust legislation

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37
Q

What did National Recovery Administration encourage CONSUMERS to do?

A

To purchase NRA code

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38
Q

What did some protests in the countryside argue?

A

That AAA favored wealthy farmers

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39
Q

Farmers who _________ would not qualify to AAA.

A

Rented

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40
Q

Many farmers became __________ workers

A

Migrant

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41
Q

What did John Steinback write?

A

Grapes of Wrath

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42
Q

Opposition to the New Deal took two forms:

A
  1. Political Right- the N.D. had gone too far; resented the creation of regulations, new taxes and unions
  2. Political Left- the N.D. had not gone far enough; resented the alleged favoritism to big business and the lack of regulation
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43
Q

____________ declared NRA unconstitutional

A

Supreme Court

44
Q

Supreme Court later declared the ________ unconstitutional even though it came back in a modified form

A

AAA

45
Q

Socialist and communists accused New deal of _______________

A

Being United with big business

46
Q

Who was the socialist author who wrote the jungle?

A

Upton Sinclair

47
Q

Upton Sinclair ran for governor of __________ but lost

A

California

48
Q

Who was father Charles Coughlin?

A

Catholic priest in Detroit

49
Q

Father Charles Coughlin had a radio broadcast with ___________ listeners

A

40 million

50
Q

Who did Father Charles Coughlin blame for the suffering and inequality?

A

Communists, bankers, and ‘predatory capitalists’

51
Q

Father Charles Coughlin had elements of ____________

A

Anti-Semitic rhetoric

52
Q

What did Father Charles Coughlin create?

A

Created National Union for Social Justice (Union Party)

53
Q

Dr. Francis Townsend lived in __________

A

California

54
Q

Dr. Francis Townsend criticized timidity of __________

A

The New Deal

55
Q

Dr. Francis Townsend retired ____________

A

Patients suffering

56
Q

What plan did Dr. Francis Townsend create?

A

Old age Pension Plan

57
Q

What did the Old age Pension plan state?

A

$200 per month

58
Q

Dr. Francis Townsend combined with __________

A

Union party

59
Q

Who was the southern wing of the Democratic Party?

A

Huey Long

60
Q

Huey Long wanted _______ over _______

A

Poor over rich

61
Q

What did Huey Long attempt to pass?

A

“Soak the rich” senate bill

62
Q

What did the “soak the rich” senate bill want to do?

A

Outlaw income over $1 million and $5 million inheritance

It was rejected

63
Q

Huey Long ran for __________

A

President

64
Q

Depression regardless of the new deal _________

A

Initiatives

65
Q

1935- control of congress commences emergence of American __________

A

Welfare state

66
Q

What acts did the “Second New Deal” include?

A

National Labor Relations Act (Wagner act)
Fair Labor Standards Act
Social Security Act

67
Q

What did the Fair Labor Standards Act do?

A

Made minimum wage 25 cents an hour

68
Q

What was the WPA?

A

Works Progress Administration

Began in 1935

69
Q

What was the Works Progress Administration?

A

Public works program

70
Q

Works Progress Administration

________ to construction

A

Arts

71
Q

A year after the Works Progress Administration was passes _____% of labor force

A

7%

72
Q 
(New deal cultural projects u see WPA)
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ project 
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_project
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_project
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_project
A

Federal art project
Federal theater project
Federal writer’s project
Federal music project

73
Q

(Empowering labor)

Violent strikes-

A

Actual police beatings and shootings

74
Q

(Empowering labor)

Wagner act guaranteed what?

A

Guarantee industrial workers the right to organize in unions

75
Q

What Wagner Act meant

Majority of a company’s workers voted for ____________

A

Creating a union

76
Q

What are 2 things the Wagner Act made happen?

A

1) The Union became the sole negotiating agent for the workers
2) The company were forced to negotiate with the Unions

77
Q

The Wagner act was the first time the federal government _____________

A

Gave upfront support for unions

78
Q

What year did FDR become president?

A

1933

79
Q

Wagner acts affect of the Union
In 1933 ____________ skilled workers
In 1945 ____________ skilled workers and unskilled workers

A 
3 million 
14 million (30% of workers)
80
Q

Who was John L. Lewis?

A

He headed the United Mine workers union and later found the congress of industrial organization (CIO)

81
Q

What was the CIO?

A

Committee for industrial organization

82
Q

What was the CIO?

A

Coalition of primarily unskilled workers

83
Q

What did the CIO do?

A
  • organized union drives for membership

- assisted United Auto workers in overcoming resistance to unionize the entire industry

84
Q

What was a goal for the New Deal?

A

To provide a modest income for poor elderly people

85
Q

What was the issue of the new deal?

A

Only 15% of Americans had private pensions and often companies would fire people to avoid paying pensions

86
Q

What act was passed because it was part of the second New Deal?

A

Social security act

87
Q

What did the social security act provide and create?

A

Provided modest income for the elderly and also created a modest unemployment insurance

88
Q

What did the social security act do?

A

Gave payers a personal stake in the system=politically invaluable

89
Q

In the social security act not everyone was covered; excluded:

A

Domestic and agricultural workers

90
Q

Domestic and agricultural workers= ____ of Americans and especially effected women

A

1/2

91
Q

New deal created a two tier system:

A

1) Organized workers in major industries

2) Women, children, elderly, unorganized workwear and unemployed

92
Q

How much did national unemployment average?

A

17%

93
Q

Why was New Deal’s record of helping minorities not good?

A

FDR relies upon the south’s support

94
Q

Ideal of the welfare state benefited skilled industrial workers over ___________

A

women, minorities, the elderly and unskilled workers

95
Q

African Americans suffered the most because of the New deal; infant mortality rate was ___% greater than for whites and life expectancy was ___ fewer years than for whites

A

50%

12

96
Q

What did the Indian Reorganization Act do?

A

Restores tribal self-rule and ownership of land

97
Q

1936; FDR easily defeated _________

A

Kansas governor Alfred Landon

98
Q

What was the “Roosevelt Coalition”

A

cross section of voters

99
Q

FDR was angered by ___________

A

Supreme Court Conservatism

100
Q

1937; FDR attempted to “pack the court” by ____________

A

Adding six justices

101
Q

Congress _________ FDR’s “pack the court” proposal

A

Defeated

102
Q

What was the Court-packing plan?

A

Law b FDR

103
Q

What would the Court-packing plan want to do?

A

To add one new Supreme Court justice for each judge over 70

104
Q

How many new judges would be added by the Court-packing plan?

A

6 new judges

105
Q

Senate __________ Court-packing plan

A

Defeated

106
Q

1935-36; economy was in __________ phase

A

Recovery

107
Q

What was the reuse of the recover phase?

A

Government cut spending, federal reserve increased the interest rate and secretary taxes slashed business spending

History (13 decks)

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