Chapter 16

Question 0

Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction aka the “Ten percent plan”:

Answer 0

1. Amnesty (pardon)
2. 10% of states voters required to take oath of allegiance
3. Slavery abolished
4. Status of freedom not addressed

Question 1

Postwar dilemma:

Answer 1

Who had the authority to develop reconstruction plan, the president or congress?

Question 2

(“The ten percent” plan) Radical republicans countered with ____________ (1864)

Answer 2

The Wade-Davis Bill

Question 3

(“The ten percent” plan) ____% of electorate to take an oath of allegiance and repudiate acts of secession; banned ex-confederates in ____________

Answer 3

50

Drafting state constitutions

Question 4

(“The ten percent” plan) Punitive in nature; congress should ___________

Answer 4

Determine reconstruction policies; status of freedmen left to the states

Question 5

(“The ten percent” plan) vetoed by _________

Answer 5

Abraham Lincoln

Question 6

(“The ten percent” plan) Issue of _______ was controversial

Answer 6

Free labor

Question 7

(“The ten percent” plan) the union armies imposed conditions upon _________; planters rented it, and freedmen felt restricted by labor codes

Answer 7

The conquered south

Question 8

In 1863 congress creates _____________

Answer 8

The Freedmen’s Bureau

Question 9

The Freedmen’s Bureau was a:

Answer 9

Government organization created to distribute food and clothing to southerners to ease transition of slaves to free persons

Question 10

The Freedmen’s Bureau made abandoned land dived into ________

Answer 10

40-acre plots

Question 11

Freedmen desired three things:

Answer 11

1) to possess their own land (by the end of 1865, Congress had parceled over 500,000 acres to 10,000 families- “40 acres and a mule”)
2) to reunite their families
3) to worship freely

Question 12

Johnson’s reconstruction plan (1865):

Answer 12

1. Loyalty oath taken by 10% of the electorate
2. State must ratify the 13 amendment
3. Secession acts voided and war debt repudiated
4. Pardons granted

Question 13

(Johnson’s amnesty policy was very liberal)

Southerners elected _________ to congress

Answer 13

Ex-confederate officials

Question 14

(Johnson’s amnesty policy was very liberal)

Southern states enacted _________ to restrict freedmen; violence erupted against freedmen

Answer 14

Black codes

Question 15

(Johnson’s amnesty policy was very liberal)

What was the objective of southern planters?

Answer 15

To reduce freedmen to plantation field hands and subservience

Johnson didn’t interfere

Question 16

Johnson vetoed ____________ and ____________ -both were overridden by congress eventually

Answer 16

The Freedmen’s bureau bill (food and clothing) and the civil rights bill of 1866 (nullifies black codes)

Question 17

In 1866 the fourteenth amendment was introduced.

What did it do?

Answer 17

It granted citizenship to “all persons born or naturalized in the United States”

Question 18

Who was defeated in the 1866 congressional elections?

Answer 18

Humiliating defeat for President Johnson and the Democrats

Question 19

Reconstruction act of 1867:

Answer 19

1. South’s New state government is abolished; south placed under military rule
2. 14th amendment to be ratified
3. All qualified male voters be allowed to vote; equal rights for all citizens
4. Ex-confederate officials banned from voting

Question 20

The military reconstruction act was a _________ act

Answer 20

Congressional

Question 21

What year was the military reconstruction act?

Answer 21

1867

Question 22

Military reconstruction act had military rule of the ______

Answer 22

South

Question 23

The military reconstruction act had divided:

Answer 23

10 unreconstructed confederate states, each with a general charge

Question 24

________ began to dismantle the will of congress

Answer 24

Andrew Johnson

Question 25

Andrew Johnson encouraged southerners ________

Answer 25

To resist

Question 26

Andrew Johnson's Pardons replaced __________

Answer 26

Union generals

Question 27

Andrew Johnson was against ___________

Answer 27

Freedmen's Bureau

Question 28

Who was impeached?

Answer 28

Andrew Johnson

Question 29

Why was Andrew Johnson impeached?

Answer 29

For violation the Tenure of Office act; "high crimes and misdemeanors"

Question 30

Johnson dismissed _____________

Answer 30

Sec. Of war Edwin Stanton

Question 31

What was the result of Johnson dismissing Edwin Stanton?

Answer 31

Johnson acquitted in the senate by one vote (35-19)- needed 2/3 vote

Question 32

When was Johnson impeached?

Answer 32

1867-1868

Question 33

Fifteenth amendment ratified in ___

Answer 33

1870

Question 34

After fifteenth amendment women were:

Answer 34

Still excluded vote could not be deprived because of race, color or previous condition of servitude

Question 35

The Republican Party gained support in the south from three main groups:

Answer 35

Freedmen Northerners (especially from New England) Yeomen farmers

Question 36

Southerners came to hate two groups of Republican supporters:

Answer 36

1. "Carpetbaggers" | 2. "Scalawags"

Question 37

What was a Scalawag?

Answer 37

Derogatory term southerners applied to southern white republicans, seen as traitors

Question 38

____ of southern whites voted republican- often unionists and yeomen farmers

Answer 38

1/4

Question 39

What are Carpetbaggers?

Answer 39

Southern term for northern immigrants seeking opportunity in the south

Question 40

What was the Ku Klux Klan?

Answer 40

Confederate veterans' social club- developed into a paramilitary club supporting Democrats

Question 41

Where was the KKK formed?

Answer 41

Tennessee

Question 42

Without enough _________; KKK went on a rampage

Answer 42

Union troops (only 20,000)

Question 43

(1868-1872); great political progress achieved; participation in state _______ as well as the U.S. congress

Answer 43

Legislatures

Question 44

Leaders of great political progress included:

Answer 44

Hiram Revels and Blanche Bruce

Question 45

Who was the first African American to serve in the senate?

Answer 45

Hiram Revels (Mississippi)

Question 46

Who was the first African American to serve a full term as US senator?

Answer 46

Blanche Bruce (Mississippi)

Question 47

Republicans wanted to alter southern life, especially its ________- diversification was a goal

Answer 47

economy

Question 48

Taxes were imposed to pay for the republicans __________

Answer 48

Ambitious programs

Question 49

Huge problem for republicans-

Answer 49

Public as well as private corruption | And the resistance by the federal government to confiscate properties of ex-confederates

Question 50

What was a labor system during reconstruction?

Answer 50

Sharecropping

Question 51

(Sharecropping) | Planters divided their plantations into ___________

Answer 51

Small farms that freedmen rented paying with a share of the crop

Question 52

(Sharecropping) | Former slaves had freedom but dependent on __________

Answer 52

White landlords

Question 53

(Sharecropping) | Freedmen built ________ on the rented lands

Answer 53

Separate cabins on the rented land

Question 54

Sharecropping- "_________"

Answer 54

"Economic bondage"

Question 55

(Sharecropping) | Some sharecroppers were forced into permanent debt that led to _________

Answer 55

Debt peonage

Question 56

(Sharecropping) | Black farmers owned roughly ____ of the land they cultivated

Answer 56

1/3

Question 57

Grant's presidency (1869-1877) dominated by ____________

Answer 57

Reconstruction Amnesty Act passed (1872)

Question 58

Federal government's inability to effectively enforce __________ led to the end of the reconstruction

Answer 58

Laws, public waning interest and intimidation

Question 59

By 1876, only 3 states remained in republican hands:

Answer 59

South Carolina Louisiana Florida

Question 60

Was Grant more Effective as a President or General?

Answer 60

General

Question 61

Grant surrounded himself with _______

Answer 61

Friends

Question 62

(Grant as president) | Corruption at the highest levels including ______ and _________

Answer 62

VP (Colfax) and 2 cabinet members

Question 63

KKK emerged in ___ in ________

Answer 63

1866 | Tennessee

Question 64

KKK leading figure was _________

Answer 64

Nathan Bedford Forrest

Question 65

US govt. response to KKK:

Answer 65

``` Reconstruction Act (1867) Force acts (1870-1871) Civil rights act (1875) ```

Question 66

What are Redeemers?

Answer 66

Name taken by southern Democrats who harnessed white rage in order to overthrow republican rule

Question 67

1876 election | Election decided by a special congressional electoral commission that voted ______ in favor of ______

Answer 67

8-7 | Hayes

Question 68

Reconstruction officially came to an end with _______

Answer 68

troop withdrawals

Question 69

Freedmen's Bureau

Answer 69

Government organization created in March 1865 to distribute food and clothing to destitute southerners and to ease the transition of slaves to free persons

Question 70

Black codes

Answer 70

Laws passed by state governments in the south in 1865 that sought to keep ex-slaves subordinate to whites

Question 71

Civil rights act of 1866

Answer 71

Legislation passed by congress in 1866 that nullified the black codes and affirmed that black Americans should have equal benefits of the law

Question 72

Fourteenth amendment

Answer 72

Constitutional amendment passed in 1866 that made all naive-born or naturalized persons US citizens and prohibited states from abridging the rights of natural citizens

Question 73

Military reconstruction act

Answer 73

Congressional act of March 1867 that initiated military rule of the south

Question 74

Fifteenth amendment

Answer 74

Constitutional amendment passed in February 1869 prohibiting states from depriving any citizen of the right to vote because of "race, color, or previous condition of servitude"

Question 75

Compromise of 1877

Answer 75

Informal agreement in which democrats agreed not to block Hayes' and to deal fairly with freedmen