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History > Chapter 16 > Flashcards

Chapter 16 Flashcards

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0
Q

Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction aka the “Ten percent plan”:

A
  1. Amnesty (pardon)
  2. 10% of states voters required to take oath of allegiance
  3. Slavery abolished
  4. Status of freedom not addressed
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1
Q

Postwar dilemma:

A

Who had the authority to develop reconstruction plan, the president or congress?

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2
Q

(“The ten percent” plan) Radical republicans countered with ____________ (1864)

A

The Wade-Davis Bill

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3
Q

(“The ten percent” plan) ____% of electorate to take an oath of allegiance and repudiate acts of secession; banned ex-confederates in ____________

A

50

Drafting state constitutions

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4
Q

(“The ten percent” plan) Punitive in nature; congress should ___________

A

Determine reconstruction policies; status of freedmen left to the states

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5
Q

(“The ten percent” plan) vetoed by _________

A

Abraham Lincoln

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6
Q

(“The ten percent” plan) Issue of _______ was controversial

A

Free labor

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7
Q

(“The ten percent” plan) the union armies imposed conditions upon _________; planters rented it, and freedmen felt restricted by labor codes

A

The conquered south

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8
Q

In 1863 congress creates _____________

A

The Freedmen’s Bureau

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9
Q

The Freedmen’s Bureau was a:

A

Government organization created to distribute food and clothing to southerners to ease transition of slaves to free persons

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10
Q

The Freedmen’s Bureau made abandoned land dived into ________

A

40-acre plots

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11
Q

Freedmen desired three things:

A

1) to possess their own land (by the end of 1865, Congress had parceled over 500,000 acres to 10,000 families- “40 acres and a mule”)
2) to reunite their families
3) to worship freely

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12
Q

Johnson’s reconstruction plan (1865):

A
  1. Loyalty oath taken by 10% of the electorate
  2. State must ratify the 13 amendment
  3. Secession acts voided and war debt repudiated
  4. Pardons granted
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13
Q

(Johnson’s amnesty policy was very liberal)

Southerners elected _________ to congress

A

Ex-confederate officials

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14
Q

(Johnson’s amnesty policy was very liberal)

Southern states enacted _________ to restrict freedmen; violence erupted against freedmen

A

Black codes

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15
Q

(Johnson’s amnesty policy was very liberal)

What was the objective of southern planters?

A

To reduce freedmen to plantation field hands and subservience

Johnson didn’t interfere

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16
Q

Johnson vetoed ____________ and ____________ -both were overridden by congress eventually

A

The Freedmen’s bureau bill (food and clothing) and the civil rights bill of 1866 (nullifies black codes)

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17
Q

In 1866 the fourteenth amendment was introduced.

What did it do?

A

It granted citizenship to “all persons born or naturalized in the United States”

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18
Q

Who was defeated in the 1866 congressional elections?

A

Humiliating defeat for President Johnson and the Democrats

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19
Q

Reconstruction act of 1867:

A
  1. South’s New state government is abolished; south placed under military rule
  2. 14th amendment to be ratified
  3. All qualified male voters be allowed to vote; equal rights for all citizens
  4. Ex-confederate officials banned from voting
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20
Q

The military reconstruction act was a _________ act

A

Congressional

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21
Q

What year was the military reconstruction act?

A

1867

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22
Q

Military reconstruction act had military rule of the ______

A

South

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23
Q

The military reconstruction act had divided:

A

10 unreconstructed confederate states, each with a general charge

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24
Q

________ began to dismantle the will of congress

A

Andrew Johnson

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25
Q

Andrew Johnson encouraged southerners ________

A

To resist

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26
Q

Andrew Johnson’s Pardons replaced __________

A

Union generals

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27
Q

Andrew Johnson was against ___________

A

Freedmen’s Bureau

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28
Q

Who was impeached?

A

Andrew Johnson

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29
Q

Why was Andrew Johnson impeached?

A

For violation the Tenure of Office act; “high crimes and misdemeanors”

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30
Q

Johnson dismissed _____________

A

Sec. Of war Edwin Stanton

31
Q

What was the result of Johnson dismissing Edwin Stanton?

A

Johnson acquitted in the senate by one vote (35-19)- needed 2/3 vote

32
Q

When was Johnson impeached?

A

1867-1868

33
Q

Fifteenth amendment ratified in ___

A

1870

34
Q

After fifteenth amendment women were:

A

Still excluded vote could not be deprived because of race, color or previous condition of servitude

35
Q

The Republican Party gained support in the south from three main groups:

A

Freedmen
Northerners (especially from New England)
Yeomen farmers

36
Q

Southerners came to hate two groups of Republican supporters:

A
  1. “Carpetbaggers”

2. “Scalawags”

37
Q

What was a Scalawag?

A

Derogatory term southerners applied to southern white republicans, seen as traitors

38
Q

____ of southern whites voted republican- often unionists and yeomen farmers

A

1/4

39
Q

What are Carpetbaggers?

A

Southern term for northern immigrants seeking opportunity in the south

40
Q

What was the Ku Klux Klan?

A

Confederate veterans’ social club- developed into a paramilitary club supporting Democrats

41
Q

Where was the KKK formed?

A

Tennessee

42
Q

Without enough _________; KKK went on a rampage

A

Union troops (only 20,000)

43
Q

(1868-1872); great political progress achieved; participation in state _______ as well as the U.S. congress

A

Legislatures

44
Q

Leaders of great political progress included:

A

Hiram Revels and Blanche Bruce

45
Q

Who was the first African American to serve in the senate?

A

Hiram Revels (Mississippi)

46
Q

Who was the first African American to serve a full term as US senator?

A

Blanche Bruce (Mississippi)

47
Q

Republicans wanted to alter southern life, especially its ________- diversification was a goal

A

economy

48
Q

Taxes were imposed to pay for the republicans __________

A

Ambitious programs

49
Q

Huge problem for republicans-

A

Public as well as private corruption

And the resistance by the federal government to confiscate properties of ex-confederates

50
Q

What was a labor system during reconstruction?

A

Sharecropping

51
Q

(Sharecropping)

Planters divided their plantations into ___________

A

Small farms that freedmen rented paying with a share of the crop

52
Q

(Sharecropping)

Former slaves had freedom but dependent on __________

A

White landlords

53
Q

(Sharecropping)

Freedmen built ________ on the rented lands

A

Separate cabins on the rented land

54
Q

Sharecropping- “_________”

A

“Economic bondage”

55
Q

(Sharecropping)

Some sharecroppers were forced into permanent debt that led to _________

A

Debt peonage

56
Q

(Sharecropping)

Black farmers owned roughly ____ of the land they cultivated

A

1/3

57
Q

Grant’s presidency (1869-1877) dominated by ____________

A

Reconstruction Amnesty Act passed (1872)

58
Q

Federal government’s inability to effectively enforce __________ led to the end of the reconstruction

A

Laws, public waning interest and intimidation

59
Q

By 1876, only 3 states remained in republican hands:

A

South Carolina
Louisiana
Florida

60
Q

Was Grant more Effective as a President or General?

A

General

61
Q

Grant surrounded himself with _______

A

Friends

62
Q

(Grant as president)

Corruption at the highest levels including ______ and _________

A

VP (Colfax) and 2 cabinet members

63
Q

KKK emerged in ___ in ________

A

1866

Tennessee

64
Q

KKK leading figure was _________

A

Nathan Bedford Forrest

65
Q

US govt. response to KKK:

A 
Reconstruction Act (1867)
Force acts (1870-1871)
Civil rights act (1875)
66
Q

What are Redeemers?

A

Name taken by southern Democrats who harnessed white rage in order to overthrow republican rule

67
Q

1876 election

Election decided by a special congressional electoral commission that voted ______ in favor of ______

A

8-7

Hayes

68
Q

Reconstruction officially came to an end with _______

A

troop withdrawals

69
Q

Freedmen’s Bureau

A

Government organization created in March 1865 to distribute food and clothing to destitute southerners and to ease the transition of slaves to free persons

70
Q

Black codes

A

Laws passed by state governments in the south in 1865 that sought to keep ex-slaves subordinate to whites

71
Q

Civil rights act of 1866

A

Legislation passed by congress in 1866 that nullified the black codes and affirmed that black Americans should have equal benefits of the law

72
Q

Fourteenth amendment

A

Constitutional amendment passed in 1866 that made all naive-born or naturalized persons US citizens and prohibited states from abridging the rights of natural citizens

73
Q

Military reconstruction act

A

Congressional act of March 1867 that initiated military rule of the south

74
Q

Fifteenth amendment

A

Constitutional amendment passed in February 1869 prohibiting states from depriving any citizen of the right to vote because of “race, color, or previous condition of servitude”

75
Q

Compromise of 1877

A

Informal agreement in which democrats agreed not to block Hayes’ and to deal fairly with freedmen

History (13 decks)

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