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Med Micro Exam 3 > Chapter 26 & 27 > Flashcards

Chapter 26 & 27 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most predominant normal flora in the female genital tract?

A

Lactobacillus

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2
Q

What are some of the factors that predispose you to bacterial diseases in the urinary system?

A

a. ) Toxemia in pregnancy
b. ) CNS disorders; hormonal imbalances
c. ) kidney stones, tumors that cause obstruction of urine flow.
d. ) Diabetes mellitus

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3
Q

Which major pathogen causes 35% of nosocomial infections in the urinary tract?

A

E. Coli

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4
Q

Normal urine has less that _____ bacteria.

A

10,000

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5
Q

Urine showing an infection has greater than ______ bacteria.

A

100,000

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6
Q

Which bacteria is a common cause for UTI’s?

A

Staphylococcus Saprophytica

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7
Q

Cystitis causes painful urination, also known as what?

A

dysuria

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8
Q

What is Pyelonephritis?

A

kidney infection

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9
Q

Pyelonephritis is always _______, often causing permanent kidney damage

A

serious

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10
Q

What are some of the bacteria that cause Pyelonephritis?

A

E. Coli, Pseudomonas, Proteus, Strep. pyogenes, Enterobacter aerogenes, Staphylococci

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11
Q

What is Glomerulonephritis?

A

Immune damage to glomerulus in kidneys.

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12
Q

Leptospirosis is caused by what bacteria?

A

L. interogans

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13
Q

What are the reservoirs of Leptospirosis?

A

domestic and wild animals, urine, water

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14
Q

What are symptoms of Leptospirosis?

A

chills, headache, muscle ache, liver/kidney damage, death.

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15
Q

Can Leptospirosis be treated?

A

Yes, very easily if detected early. Sometimes not if not detected early

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16
Q

What bacteria causes Gonorrhea?

A

Nisseria gonorrhea (G - cocci)

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17
Q

What two main bacteria can cause Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)?

A
  1. N. gonorrhea

2. Chlamydia trachomatis

18
Q

What is Opthalmia neonatorum?

A

blindness in newborns; the reason doctors in US treat all newborns with eyedrops to prevent this being caused by gonorrhea or chlamydia

19
Q

What is the most important bacteria that causes Non Gonococcal Urethritis?

A

Chlamydia trachomatis

20
Q

What does Lymphogranuloma venerum cause in males?

A

infects lymphatic vessels causing lymph node enlargement

21
Q

What are the other two bacteria that cause Non Gonococcal Urethritis? (these two not being as important)

A
  1. Ureaplasma urealyticum

2. Mycoplasma heminis

22
Q

What spirochete bacteria is responsible for Syphilis?

A

Treponema pallidum

23
Q

Who is most likely to get Syphillis?

A

homosexual males, poorer people, drug users, prostitutes

24
Q

Main way Syphillis is transmitted?

A

sexual contact

25
Q

What are the 4 stages of Syphillis?

A
  1. Primary Stage (canker sores)
  2. Secondary Stage (highly infectious)
  3. Latent Period (not infectious after 2.4 yrs)
  4. Tertiary Stage ? (immune damage)
26
Q

What causes damage during the Tertiary Stage?

A

The immune system overreacting

27
Q

What is Congenital Syphilis?

A

When the disease is passed from mother to fetus causing mental damage and neurological disorders

28
Q

What is a main way to test for Syphilis?

A

PCR

29
Q

What are the 3 organisms that cause Gardnerella vaginitis?

A
  1. Gardnerella vaginalis (fishy odor)
  2. Candida albicans (yeast odor)
  3. Trichomonas vaginalis (protozoa; foul odor)
30
Q

Is Genital Herpes a DNA virus or an RNA virus?

A

DNA

31
Q

What are symptoms of genital herpes?

A

painful urination, blisters, vesicle at the site of infection

32
Q

Can condoms protect against genital herpes?

A

No

33
Q

What are factors that cause reactivation in genital herpes?

A

menstruation, fever, emotional stress

34
Q

What can happen in Neonatal Herpes?

A

abortion, neurological damage

35
Q

Can neonatal herpes be tested for while the baby is still in utero?

A

Yes, the virus can be detected in the amniotic fluid

36
Q

What is the main treatment for genital herpes?

A

Acyclovir; oral tablet

37
Q

What is Papillomavirus?

A

a DNA virus that causes genital warts

38
Q

What two cancers can Papillomavirus cause?

A

cervical & penis

39
Q

How many new cases of Genital Warts are there every year?

A

500,000

40
Q

How many different types of papillomavirus are there?

A

52

41
Q

List the 12 microorganisms transmitted through contaminated water

A
  1. E. Coli
  2. Shigella
  3. Salmonella
  4. Campylobacter
  5. Giardia lamblia
  6. Cryptosporidium
  7. Hepatitis A
  8. Cholera
  9. Poliovirus
  10. Pseudomonas
  11. Legionella

Med Micro Exam 3 (10 decks)

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