Chapter 26 & 27 Flashcards
What is the most predominant normal flora in the female genital tract?
Lactobacillus
What are some of the factors that predispose you to bacterial diseases in the urinary system?
a. ) Toxemia in pregnancy
b. ) CNS disorders; hormonal imbalances
c. ) kidney stones, tumors that cause obstruction of urine flow.
d. ) Diabetes mellitus
Which major pathogen causes 35% of nosocomial infections in the urinary tract?
E. Coli
Normal urine has less that _____ bacteria.
10,000
Urine showing an infection has greater than ______ bacteria.
100,000
Which bacteria is a common cause for UTI’s?
Staphylococcus Saprophytica
Cystitis causes painful urination, also known as what?
dysuria
What is Pyelonephritis?
kidney infection
Pyelonephritis is always _______, often causing permanent kidney damage
serious
What are some of the bacteria that cause Pyelonephritis?
E. Coli, Pseudomonas, Proteus, Strep. pyogenes, Enterobacter aerogenes, Staphylococci
What is Glomerulonephritis?
Immune damage to glomerulus in kidneys.
Leptospirosis is caused by what bacteria?
L. interogans
What are the reservoirs of Leptospirosis?
domestic and wild animals, urine, water
What are symptoms of Leptospirosis?
chills, headache, muscle ache, liver/kidney damage, death.
Can Leptospirosis be treated?
Yes, very easily if detected early. Sometimes not if not detected early
What bacteria causes Gonorrhea?
Nisseria gonorrhea (G - cocci)
What two main bacteria can cause Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)?
- N. gonorrhea
2. Chlamydia trachomatis
What is Opthalmia neonatorum?
blindness in newborns; the reason doctors in US treat all newborns with eyedrops to prevent this being caused by gonorrhea or chlamydia
What is the most important bacteria that causes Non Gonococcal Urethritis?
Chlamydia trachomatis
What does Lymphogranuloma venerum cause in males?
infects lymphatic vessels causing lymph node enlargement
What are the other two bacteria that cause Non Gonococcal Urethritis? (these two not being as important)
- Ureaplasma urealyticum
2. Mycoplasma heminis
What spirochete bacteria is responsible for Syphilis?
Treponema pallidum
Who is most likely to get Syphillis?
homosexual males, poorer people, drug users, prostitutes
Main way Syphillis is transmitted?
sexual contact
What are the 4 stages of Syphillis?
- Primary Stage (canker sores)
- Secondary Stage (highly infectious)
- Latent Period (not infectious after 2.4 yrs)
- Tertiary Stage ? (immune damage)
What causes damage during the Tertiary Stage?
The immune system overreacting
What is Congenital Syphilis?
When the disease is passed from mother to fetus causing mental damage and neurological disorders
What is a main way to test for Syphilis?
PCR
What are the 3 organisms that cause Gardnerella vaginitis?
- Gardnerella vaginalis (fishy odor)
- Candida albicans (yeast odor)
- Trichomonas vaginalis (protozoa; foul odor)
Is Genital Herpes a DNA virus or an RNA virus?
DNA
What are symptoms of genital herpes?
painful urination, blisters, vesicle at the site of infection
Can condoms protect against genital herpes?
No
What are factors that cause reactivation in genital herpes?
menstruation, fever, emotional stress
What can happen in Neonatal Herpes?
abortion, neurological damage
Can neonatal herpes be tested for while the baby is still in utero?
Yes, the virus can be detected in the amniotic fluid
What is the main treatment for genital herpes?
Acyclovir; oral tablet
What is Papillomavirus?
a DNA virus that causes genital warts
What two cancers can Papillomavirus cause?
cervical & penis
How many new cases of Genital Warts are there every year?
500,000
How many different types of papillomavirus are there?
52
List the 12 microorganisms transmitted through contaminated water
- E. Coli
- Shigella
- Salmonella
- Campylobacter
- Giardia lamblia
- Cryptosporidium
- Hepatitis A
- Cholera
- Poliovirus
- Pseudomonas
- Legionella
