Chapter 26 & 27

Question 1

What is the most predominant normal flora in the female genital tract?

Answer 1

Lactobacillus

Question 2

What are some of the factors that predispose you to bacterial diseases in the urinary system?

Answer 2

a. ) Toxemia in pregnancy
b. ) CNS disorders; hormonal imbalances
c. ) kidney stones, tumors that cause obstruction of urine flow.
d. ) Diabetes mellitus

Question 3

Which major pathogen causes 35% of nosocomial infections in the urinary tract?

Answer 3

E. Coli

Question 4

Normal urine has less that _____ bacteria.

Answer 4

10,000

Question 5

Urine showing an infection has greater than ______ bacteria.

Answer 5

100,000

Question 6

Which bacteria is a common cause for UTI’s?

Answer 6

Staphylococcus Saprophytica

Question 7

Cystitis causes painful urination, also known as what?

Answer 7

dysuria

Question 8

What is Pyelonephritis?

Answer 8

kidney infection

Question 9

Pyelonephritis is always _______, often causing permanent kidney damage

Answer 9

serious

Question 10

What are some of the bacteria that cause Pyelonephritis?

Answer 10

E. Coli, Pseudomonas, Proteus, Strep. pyogenes, Enterobacter aerogenes, Staphylococci

Question 11

What is Glomerulonephritis?

Answer 11

Immune damage to glomerulus in kidneys.

Question 12

Leptospirosis is caused by what bacteria?

Answer 12

L. interogans

Question 13

What are the reservoirs of Leptospirosis?

Answer 13

domestic and wild animals, urine, water

Question 14

What are symptoms of Leptospirosis?

Answer 14

chills, headache, muscle ache, liver/kidney damage, death.

Question 15

Can Leptospirosis be treated?

Answer 15

Yes, very easily if detected early. Sometimes not if not detected early

Question 16

What bacteria causes Gonorrhea?

Answer 16

Nisseria gonorrhea (G - cocci)

Question 17

What two main bacteria can cause Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)?

Answer 17

1. N. gonorrhea

2. Chlamydia trachomatis

Question 18

What is Opthalmia neonatorum?

Answer 18

blindness in newborns; the reason doctors in US treat all newborns with eyedrops to prevent this being caused by gonorrhea or chlamydia

Question 19

What is the most important bacteria that causes Non Gonococcal Urethritis?

Answer 19

Chlamydia trachomatis

Question 20

What does Lymphogranuloma venerum cause in males?

Answer 20

infects lymphatic vessels causing lymph node enlargement

Question 21

What are the other two bacteria that cause Non Gonococcal Urethritis? (these two not being as important)

Answer 21

1. Ureaplasma urealyticum

2. Mycoplasma heminis

Question 22

What spirochete bacteria is responsible for Syphilis?

Answer 22

Treponema pallidum

Question 23

Who is most likely to get Syphillis?

Answer 23

homosexual males, poorer people, drug users, prostitutes

Question 24

Main way Syphillis is transmitted?

Answer 24

sexual contact

Question 25

What are the 4 stages of Syphillis?

Answer 25

1. Primary Stage (canker sores) 2. Secondary Stage (highly infectious) 3. Latent Period (not infectious after 2.4 yrs) 4. Tertiary Stage ? (immune damage)

Question 26

What causes damage during the Tertiary Stage?

Answer 26

The immune system overreacting

Question 27

What is Congenital Syphilis?

Answer 27

When the disease is passed from mother to fetus causing mental damage and neurological disorders

Question 28

What is a main way to test for Syphilis?

Answer 28

PCR

Question 29

What are the 3 organisms that cause Gardnerella vaginitis?

Answer 29

1. Gardnerella vaginalis (fishy odor) 2. Candida albicans (yeast odor) 3. Trichomonas vaginalis (protozoa; foul odor)

Question 30

Is Genital Herpes a DNA virus or an RNA virus?

Answer 30

DNA

Question 31

What are symptoms of genital herpes?

Answer 31

painful urination, blisters, vesicle at the site of infection

Question 32

Can condoms protect against genital herpes?

Answer 32

No

Question 33

What are factors that cause reactivation in genital herpes?

Answer 33

menstruation, fever, emotional stress

Question 34

What can happen in Neonatal Herpes?

Answer 34

abortion, neurological damage

Question 35

Can neonatal herpes be tested for while the baby is still in utero?

Answer 35

Yes, the virus can be detected in the amniotic fluid

Question 36

What is the main treatment for genital herpes?

Answer 36

Acyclovir; oral tablet

Question 37

What is Papillomavirus?

Answer 37

a DNA virus that causes genital warts

Question 38

What two cancers can Papillomavirus cause?

Answer 38

cervical & penis

Question 39

How many new cases of Genital Warts are there every year?

Answer 39

500,000

Question 40

How many different types of papillomavirus are there?

Answer 40

52

Question 41

**List the 12 microorganisms transmitted through contaminated water**

Answer 41

1. E. Coli 2. Shigella 3. Salmonella 4. Campylobacter 5. Giardia lamblia 6. Cryptosporidium 7. Hepatitis A 8. Cholera 10. Poliovirus 11. Pseudomonas 12. Legionella