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Med Micro Exam 3 > Chapter 25 > Flashcards

Chapter 25 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the route of transmission for microbial diseases of the digestive system?

A

fecal oral route

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2
Q

What is included in the GI tract?

A

mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine

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3
Q

What is included in the Accessory organs?

A

teeth, tongue, salivary glands, liver, gall bladder, pancreas

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4
Q

Where is the main place normal flora is found?

A

In large intestine, like E. coli

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5
Q

What is Dental Caries?

A

tooth decay

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6
Q

What bacteria causes dental caries?

A

S. mutans

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7
Q

What causes plaque?

A

an accumulation of microorganisms

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8
Q

What are treatments for cavities?

A

penicillin, root canal if necessary

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9
Q

How can you prevent cavities?

A

brushing, flossing, getting regular professional dental cleanings

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10
Q

What is Peridontal Disease?

A

inflammation and degeneration of structures that support the teeth.

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11
Q

Define Gingivitis.

A

inflammation of the gums (typically more superficial); common symptom is bleeding while brushing teeth

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12
Q

Define Periodontitis.

A

chronic Gingivitis that leads to tooth loss at an older age.

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13
Q

Infection

lower digestive system

A

colonization, penetration, and multiplication of microorganisms in intestinal mucose cell; may be enterotoxins; may be septicemia; S. typhi; E. coli

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14
Q

Intoxication

lower digestive system

A

preformed toxin, ingested, S. aureus; sudden diarrhea, abdominal cramps, nausea, vomiting

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15
Q

What causes Staphylococcal food poisoning?

A

Staphylococcus aureus

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16
Q

How can you kill the toxin in Staphylococcal food poisoning?

A

heat stable; boil for 30 mins

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17
Q

What is the incubation period for Staphylococcal food poisoning?

A

1-6 hrs

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18
Q

What are the symptom of Staphylococcal food poisoning?

A

nausea, vomiting, diarrhea

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19
Q

Staphylococcal food poisoning is self limiting meaning….

A

it goes away on it’s own after 24 hrs.

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20
Q

All Salmonella are considered ___________.

A

pathogenic

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21
Q

There are ____ types of Salmonella.

A

2543

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22
Q

What kind of food is Salmonella gotten from?

A

meat products, eggs

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23
Q

__ degrees Celsius destroys all Salmonella organisms.

A

68

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24
Q

Typhoid fever is caused by what?

A

Salmonella typhi

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25
Q

How can Typhoid fever be prevented?

A

proper sewage treatment (not often found in developed countries)

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26
Q

What is the treatment for Typhoid fever?

A

3rd generation Cephalosporins

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27
Q

What bacteria is causes Bacillary Dyscentery?

A

Shigella dyscentery

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28
Q

What is the main difference between diarrhea and dyscentery?

A

diarrhea- watery feces

dyscentery- mucousy, bloody feces

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29
Q

What causes Cholera?

A

Vibriocholerae; a Gram - curved rod.

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30
Q

In Cholera an __________ is produced.

A

enterotoxin

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31
Q

What is the treatment for Cholera?

A

rehydration and Tetracycline

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32
Q

What is the mortality rate if Cholera goes untreated?

33
Q

What is Vibrio Parahemolyticus Gastroenteritis?

A

Seafood borne food poisoning

34
Q

What are symptoms of Vibrio Parahemolyticus Gastroenteritis?

A

abdominal pain, vomiting, stomach burning, watery stool

35
Q

What is Vibrio Vulnificus?

A

Seafood borne illness also, 50% death rate

36
Q

List the 5 pathogenic E. Coli

A
  1. Enterotoxigenic E. Coli
  2. Enteroinvasive E. Coli
  3. Enteropathogenic E. Coli
  4. Enterohemorrhagic E. Coli
  5. Attaching Effacing E. Coli
37
Q

Why is Enterohemorrhagic E. coli so serious?

A

Because it contains verotoxins which kills kidney cells.

38
Q

50-60% of pathogenic E. Coli is Primary Traveller’s Diarrhea, also called?

A

Enterotoxigenic E. Coli

39
Q

What two kinds of E. Coli are often found in small children?

A
  1. Enteroinvasive E. Coli

2. Enteropathogenic E. Coli

40
Q

How can pathogenic E. Coli be prevented?

A

sanitation, water treatment

41
Q

What does Helicobacter Pylori cause?

A

stomach ulcers and stomach cancer

42
Q

Yersinia enterocolilica gastroenteritis has a gram __ rod.

43
Q

Clostridium perfringens is what?

A

gram + , sporing, rod, anaerobic

44
Q

Type A enterotoxin is…

A

meat borne

45
Q

Mumps is caused by what RNA virus?

A

Paramyxovirus

46
Q

What is the mode of transmission for Mumps?

A

respiratory

47
Q

What is the incubation period of Mumps?

A

16-18 days

48
Q

What are the symptoms of Mumps?

A

fever, swelling of parotid glands, painful swallowing, sterility in both males and females

49
Q

How can Mumps be prevented?

A

with the MMR vaccine

50
Q

What family is Hepatitis in?

A

the enterovirus family

51
Q

Hepatitis A is an RNA virus that is…

A

an infectious hepatitis

52
Q

What is the route of transmission for hepatitis A?

A

fecal-oral route

53
Q

What is the Incubation Period for Hepatitis A?

54
Q

Is there a vaccine for Hepatitis A?

55
Q

What is Hepatitis B?

A

A milder, enveloped, DNA virus

56
Q

What is the mode of transmission for Hep B?

A

blood or bodily fluid transfer

57
Q

What are the Symptoms of Hep B?

same as Hep A

A

anorexia, malaise, nausea, diarrhea, abd. discomfort, fever, chills, jaundice

58
Q

Is there a vaccine for Hep B?

59
Q

Hep B causes what type of cancer?

A

liver cancer

60
Q

Hepatitis C is the most serious of the 3 and is what?

A

A single stranded RNA virus

61
Q

What is the mode of transmission for Hep C?

A

blood transfusion, IV drug use, occupational

62
Q

What is Rotavirus?

A

a double stranded RNA virus

63
Q

Rotavirus is most common among…

A

those under 1 year of age

64
Q

What are symptoms of Rotavirus?

A

diarrhea, low fever, vomiting

65
Q

What are the treatments for Rotavirus?

A

rehydration, and a vaccination

66
Q

What is Norovirus?

A

Norwalk Agent Gastroenteritis; causes adult diarrhea; but also found in children

67
Q

What protozoa is responsible for Giardiasis?

A

Giardia lamblia

68
Q

What is the mode of transmission for Giardiasis?

A

waterborne

69
Q

What is the reservoir for Giardiasis?

70
Q

What are symptoms of Giardiasis?

A

prolonged diarrhea, nausea, flatulence, weight loss, cramps

71
Q

What causes Amoebic dyscentery?

A

Entamoeba histolytica

72
Q

What serious symptom can happen in Amoebic dyscentery?

A

may cause intestinal wall perforation

73
Q

What causes Cryptosporidiosis?

A

Cryptosporidium parvum

74
Q

What is the mode of transmission for Cryptosporidiosis?

A

water borne

75
Q

What are reservoirs for Cryptosporidiosis?

76
Q

Cryptosporidiosis are….

77
Q

Beef tapeworm

A

Taenia saginata

78
Q

Pork tapeworm

A

Taenia solium

79
Q

What 3 kinds of worms are caused by Nematods infections?

A
  1. pinworms
  2. hookworms
  3. ascariasis

Med Micro Exam 3 (10 decks)

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